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Biomedical subjects

P R Stuart

Publications and source records attributed to P R Stuart.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Rotational stability of the carpus relative to the forearm.

To perform rotational tasks adequately, the rotational laxity between the radius and the carpus must be constrained within a certain limit. The contribution of nine individual capsuloligamentous structures to the rotational stability of the radiocarpal joint was studied using 14 fresh-frozen human cadaveric specimens. Torque-rotation curves, with sequential section of the soft-tissue structures, were used to calculate the percentage contribution of each individual structure. The primary pronation constraint was the palmar radioscaphocapitate ligament. The contributions to supination constraint were more complex; the dorsal radiotriquetral ligament was dominant, assisted by the palmar ulnolunate ligament. Structures originating from the ulna changed their major constraint contribution with forearm orientation, whereas those with a radial origin had a constant contribution independent of forearm rotation. Injury of these structures may lead to rotational instability at the radiocarpal level and should be considered when treating carpal instabilities.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The early history of arthroplasty of the wrist. From amputation to total wrist implant.

During the past 3 decades implant arthroplasty of the destroyed wrist has become a reliable and satisfying procedure. However, the first total wrist replacement was performed in Berlin as early as 1890. This paper describes the history of resection and interposition arthroplasty of the wrist leading to the first total wrist implant arthroplasty performed by Themistocles Gluck. An overview of recent designs is given, and the relevant historical cases are reported.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1994

Hepatitis B immunization: a survey of orthopaedic surgeons.

In 1988 a survey of 72 orthopaedic surgeons was performed to determine the rate of immunization against the hepatitis B virus (HBV). 54% had received the vaccine. Offers of immunization from occupational health departments doubled the rate of uptake. Only 51% of surgeons had been offered this service. A repeat survey was performed in 1992 to assess the effect of recent publicity on viral transmission during surgery. 81% have now received the vaccine.

Hepatitis B↗
PubMed1990

Internal fixation of pubic symphysis diastasis with a tension banding technique.

We present the details of a method of internally fixing diastasis of the pubic symphysis with stout wires and a tension band which can be employed with speed and ease, through a minimal exposure or minimally extended laparotomy wound. The technique is suitable for those with little experience of internal fixation of the pelvis. Our initial cases are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Comparative study of functional bracing and plaster cast treatment of stable lateral malleolar fractures.

In a prospective, randomized study, the use of the Aircast pneumatic air stirrup was compared with a standard below-knee walking cast in the management of Lauge-Hansen supination-eversion, stage II ankle fractures. Forty patients were randomly allocated to the two treatment groups. The use of the air stirrup led to a significant improvement in early patient comfort, post-fracture swelling, range of ankle motion at union, and time to full rehabilitation. We advocate the use of pneumatic air stirrup in the cost-effective management of stable ankle fractures.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed1975

A transmission electron microscope study of the effects of ion etching on cells.

The effects of ion etching on blood cells have previously been studied by scanning electron microscopy. This present study by transmission electron microscopy was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the etching process on the cells. Critical point dried preparations were made, etched and subsequently processed and embedded in Araldite. Examination of thin sections of erythrocytes revealed disintegration of the plasma membrane; the residual membrane destruction products formed the tips of cones produced by long etching times. The effect of etching varied in erythrocytes in the same preparation. Nucleated cells showed a similar disintegration of the plasma membrane, but membranes of mitochondria, granules, vesicles and vacuoles did not exhibit effects of etching comparable to those of the plasma membranes. After treatment with a number of different fixatives, erythrocytes on carbon-coated copper grids were also etched and examined directly in a high voltage electron microscope at 1 MV. The effects were comparable to those seen in thin sections. To study the etch rates of biological materials, the resonant frequencies of quartz crystals were measured after application of thin films of albumen and cholesterol and again after these had been etched. the ratio of the frequency changes indicated that the etch rate of albumen was approximately 2-5 times that of cholesterol. The results are discussed in the light of theories of the mechanisms involved in ion etching.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Habitual hip dislocation.

A snapping hip is a common problem in children and young adults. The common etiologies of the syndrome have been well described. We believe that habitual dislocation may be a more frequent cause of the snapping hip syndrome than has been previously described. We report two cases of this rarely reported clinical entity presenting as a snapping hip.

Child↗