Biomedical subjects

P R Joyce

Publications and source records attributed to P R Joyce.

147 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Doxepin plasma concentrations in clinical practice. Could there be a pharmacokinetic explanation for low concentrations?

During therapeutic use of doxepin, we have often observed unexpectedly low doxepin plasma concentrations in patients on moderate dosages, e.g. 100 to 200mg daily. While non-compliance seemed the most likely explanation, we present the data for 6 patients in whom we considered non-compliance unlikely. The data can be explained by hypothesizing that in some patients, there is not a linear dosage-plasma concentration relationship and that on a steady dosage, plasma concentrations are not always maintained. If these phenomena can be more carefully documented they may assume clinical importance; indeed for 2 of the patients studied the falling plasma concentrations on a steady dosage were associated with a recurrence of depression.

Depressive Disorder↗

PubMedDate not supplied

What happens to depressed men? Application of the Stirling County criteria.

In a recent issue of the Harvard Review of Psychiatry, results from the Stirling County Study showed that the prevalence and incidence rates of depression were similar in men and women when "gender-fair" criteria were used and help-seeking was not required. We attempted to replicate these findings by applying the criteria for depression from the Stirling County Study to two national and six international epidemiologic surveys conducted in the 1980s and 1990s. Depression was defined as dysphoric mood and disturbances of sleep, appetite, and energy, with at least a mild degree of impairment. The rates of depression were computed using this algorithm with data from the US Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, conducted in the 1980s, the US National Comorbidity Survey, conducted in the 1990s, and independent community surveys from Canada, Puerto Rico, France, Taiwan, Korea, and New Zealand. For the US studies, these rates were recalculated after persons seeking treatment were removed from the analyses, where such data were available. Using Stirling County Study criteria, the lifetime prevalence rate of depression remains approximately twice as high in women as in men cross-nationally, except in Puerto Rico. Excluding help-seeking as a criterion and controlling for birth cohort do not change the findings. The Stirling County findings on absence of a sex difference in rates of depression using "gender-fair" criteria may be due to methodological variance in the collection of data, sample size, or the social and/or genetic uniqueness of the Atlantic Canadian community.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cross-national epidemiology of major depression and bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the rates and patterns of major depression and bipolar disorder based on cross-national epidemiologic surveys. DESIGN AND SETTING: Population-based epidemiologic studies using similar methods from 10 countries: the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, France, West Germany, Italy, Lebanon, Taiwan, Korea, and New Zealand. PARTICIPANTS: Approximately 38000 community subjects. OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates, demographics, and age at onset of major depression and bipolar disorder. Symptom profiles, comorbidity, and marital status with major depression. RESULTS: The lifetime rates for major depression vary widely across countries, ranging from 1.5 cases per 100 adults in the sample in Taiwan to 19.0 cases per 100 adults in Beirut. The annual rates ranged from 0.8 cases per 100 adults in Taiwan to 5.8 cases per 100 adults in New Zealand. The mean age at onset shows less variation (range, 24.8-34.8 years). In every country, the rates of major depression were higher for women than men. By contrast, the lifetime rates of bipolar disorder are more consistent across countries (0.3/100 in Taiwan to 1.5/100 in New Zealand); the sex ratios are nearly equal; and the age at first onset is earlier (average, 6 years) than the onset of major depression. Insomnia and loss of energy occurred in most persons with major depression at each site. Persons with major depression were also at increased risk for comorbidity with substance abuse and anxiety disorders at all sites. Persons who were separated or divorced had significantly higher rates of major depression than married persons in most of the countries, and the risk was somewhat greater for divorced or separated men than women in most countries. CONCLUSIONS: There are striking similarities across countries in patterns of major depression and of bipolar disorder. The differences in rates for major depression across countries suggest that cultural differences or different risk factors affect the expression of the disorder.

Adolescent↗