Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P R Joyce

Publications and source records attributed to P R Joyce.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Endocrine and behavioural responses to methylphenidate in depression.

Twenty patients with a major depressive disorder and 20 control subjects were subjected to a 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and a challenge with intravenous (IV) methylphenidate (MP)(0.3 mg/kg). None of the controls, but 9 depressives, were DST non-suppressors. Among the depressives there were correlations between DST-cortisol and baseline (4 p.m.) levels of cortisol, growth hormone, prolactin and adrenaline. Compared with the controls the depressives had a decreased cortisol response and an enhanced adrenaline response to the MP challenge. The decreased cortisol response was not related to either DST-cortisol or baseline cortisol, but was correlated with the mood response to MP.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Abnormal illness behaviour and anxiety in acute non-organic abdominal pain.

Of 105 patients admitted to a surgical ward with acute abdominal pain, 18 were considered to be without evidence of any organic aetiology for this symptom. These 'non-organic' patients were almost all female and differed from the 'organic' patients in state anxiety and in the illness behaviour questionnaire scales of psychological versus somatic perception, denial and affective disturbance. The two groups of patients could be differentiated on the basis of scores derived from the Illness Behaviour Questionnaire, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1985

Mood response to methylphenidate and the Dexamethasone Suppression Test as predictors of treatment response to zimelidine and lithium in major depression.

Sixteen patients with a major depressive disorder underwent a Dexamethasone Suppression Test, and 15 of these patients were given intravenous methylphenidate and their mood response recorded. There was no association between the Dexamethasone Suppression Test and mood response to methylphenidate. Neither of these markers predicted clinical antidepressant response with zimelidine, although among zimelidine nonresponders, a clinical improvement upon the addition of lithium was predicted by a positive mood response to methylphenidate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Illness behaviour and rehospitalization in bipolar affective disorder.

Fifty hospitalized patients with bipolar affective disorder were interviewed on discharge from hospital. Over the subsequent 12 months, 36 of these patients were readmitted to hospital. Compared with the remainder, those readmitted had had more past hospital admissions and on interview were rated as being less able to recognize and respond to early symptoms of relapse and were less accepting of medication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Neuroendocrine changes in depression.

Biological research in depression has concentrated on 'endogenous' depressions and over the past 30 years has been guided by the amine theory. Neuroendocrine abnormalities in depression have been reported for over 20 years and include changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and thyroid axes, in growth hormone and prolactin secretion. As neurotransmitters regulate neuroendocrine secretion, inter-relationships between neurochemical and neuroendocrine abnormalities may provide a window for understanding the pathophysiology of depression. The availability of these biological markers for depression opens new possibilities for research in psychiatric diagnosis and for management.

Biogenic Amines↗
PubMed1985

Transsexual sisters.

The first documented case of sisters with transsexualism is reported. Given the low incidence of female transsexualism this is a most unlikely event and suggests that familial factors may be of aetological importance.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Parental bonding in bipolar affective disorder.

When the Parental Bonding Instrument was administered to 58 bipolar affective disorder patients and 100 general practice patients no difference was found in reports of parental characteristics. Among the female patients there was an association between poor parental bonding and increased number of hospitalisations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Age of onset in bipolar affective disorder and misdiagnosis as schizophrenia.

The age of onset in bipolar affective disorder was determined in 200 hospitalized patients. The mean age of their first affective syndrome was 28.3 years, and the mean age of first hospitalization was 30.8 years. However, the median age for first affective syndrome was 23 years (26 years for first hospitalization), and the most common age of onset was 15-19 years. Those patients with an early onset, especially if they were first hospitalized for mania, were most likely to have received a diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Inter-observer variation in the histopathological reporting of Hodgkin's disease: an analysis of diagnostic subcomponents using kappa statistics.

Levels of agreement between nine pathologists on the Rye classification of Hodgkin's disease and on diagnostic subcomponents used in applying the classification, were analysed by kappa statistics. Pathologists experienced comparatively little difficulty in agreeing on the presence of nodules and lacunar cells and hence best agreement was achieved on the nodular sclerosis category. Poorer agreement levels on the lymphocytic predominance, mixed cellularity and lymphocytic depletion categories were explained mainly by problems in the assessment of numbers of lymphocytes and abnormal reticulum cells other than Reed-Sternberg cells. Identification of the Reed-Sternberg cell, although of paramount importance to a diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease, appeared to have no great practical relevance to use of the Rye classification in this series of cases.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1982

Abolition of the bactericidal function of polymorphs by ferritin-antiferritin complexes.

In plasma clots the presence of ferritin-antiferritin complexes interferes with the bactericidal powers of polymorphs against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Equivalent concentrations of apoferritin-antiferritin complexes, which lack Fe, do not have this effect and it is therefore suggested that the iron-binding capacity of lactoferrin in polymorphs plays an essential role in the bactericidal power of the cell. Similar results were obtained in vivo where ferritin-antiferritin complexes cause a high mortality in otherwise non-lethal infections. Evidence suggests that it is the iron in the ferritin which is responsible for the rapid intracellular bacterial growth and that lactoferrin normally plays an important protective role within the polymorphs.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Readmissions to hospital ater appendicectomy for non-specific abdominal pain.

Appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdominal pain, but in ten per cent of appendicectomies the appendix is normal. Follow up of 54 patients having a normal appendix removed reveals that in only two cases was a physical diagnosis missed and yet these patients were more likely to be readmitted with suicidal behaviour or further unexplained pain than patients who had an inflamed appendix removed. Psychological factors may be of aetiological importance in patients having a normal appendix removed, and although none of these patients had multiple admissions or further abdominal surgery it is suggested that patients be told that their appendix was normal.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1981

The Rye classification of a population based series of Hodgkin's disease patients in Western Australia.

Data are presented on the incidence in Western Australia of subtypes of Hodgkin's disease which were obtained by review of all cases of the disease notified between 1960 and 1974. Observations were also made on within- and between-observer agreement on the use of the Rye classification by a group of 9 surgical pathologists, all in the day-to-day practice of pathology. Although many consensus diagnoses were made only after spirited discussion by the Group, the results suggested that general surgical pathologists can perform nearly as well as lymphoma experts. A comparison of the incidence of Hodgkin's disease and distribution of Rye subtypes in Western Australia with 4 other populations showed a similar overall incidence but appreciable variation in the relative frequency of the subtypes--mainly in the proportions of nodular sclerosing and mixed cellularity.

Adolescent↗