Biomedical subjects
P R Ellis
Publications and source records attributed to P R Ellis.
Guar bread: acceptability and efficacy combined. Studies on blood glucose, serum insulin and satiety in normal subjects.
1. Bread alone and supplemented with guar gum at three levels (50, 100 and 150 g/kg) was given to eleven non-diabetic subjects, and blood glucose and serum insulin were determined preprandialy, and at 30 min and 60 min after commencement of the meal. Ths satiating effect, up to 120 min, of the guar bread and its acceptability to the same group of normal volunteers was also studied. 2 No significant differences in blood glucose were observed between control and guar breads at 30 min and 60 min, apart from 100 g guar/kg bread at 30 min (P less than 0.05). A significant difference in serum insulin was indicated between: control and 50 (P less than 0.02) and 150 (P less than 0.02) guar/kg breads at 30 min; control and 50 (P less than 0.05), 100 (P less than 0.001) and 150 (P less than 0.05) guar/kg breads at 60 min. 3. There were no significant differences in the satiety scores for control and guar breads. Significant increases in satiety attributed to 150 g guar/kg bread were found when compared to: 50 g guar/kg bread immediately after eating (P less than 0.05), 100 g guar/kg bread at 60 min (P less than 0.02) and 50 and 100 g guar/kg breads at 120 min (both P less than 0.05). 4. There was a positive correlations between hedonic score and relative replacement of guar (r 0.62, P less than 0.001, n 44) and from the regression line it was found that 50 and 100 g guar/kg breads produced hedonic scores close to a neutral response of 5, whereas 150 g guar/kg bread at a predictive score of 6.3 appeared to be unacceptable to our subjects. 5. Guar bread at the 100 g/kg level (59 g guar/kg bread) reduced the serum insulin by 48% at 60 min and is found to be an acceptable food product at this level of incorporation. However, more information is required to demonstrate the possible satiating potential of guar bread.
The economics of animal health--(2) Economics in farm practice.
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The economics of animal health--(1) Major disease control programmes.
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Planned breeding in autumn calving dairy herds.
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Components of a herd calving interval.
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The veterinarian's contribution to the task of increasing world beef supplies.
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Plication and thrombectomy in the treatment of acute iliofemoral thrombosis.
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Guar gum: the importance of reporting data on its physico-chemical properties.
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Low dose guar in a novel food product: improved metabolic control in non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
Sixteen non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients, mean age 60 years (range 47-69 years) and duration of diabetes 9 years (2-20 years), completed a randomized cross-over study of three 6-week periods separated by 2-week intervals to minimize carry-over effects, in which their usual bread was replaced by either control bread, guar bread (100 g guar/kg wheat flour), or control bread plus a guar granulate. The mean (+/- SEM) intake of guar taken in bread was 7.6 +/- 0.7 g/day (range 3.1-14.3 g/day). The granulate was taken in a dose of 5 g twice daily which provided 8.3 g guar/day. Significant reductions were found in glycosylated haemoglobin after guar bread (11.5 +/- 0.8% to 10.7 +/- 0.8%; p less than 0.02) and after guar granulate (11.2 +/- 0.8% to 10.6 +/- 0.7%; p less than 0.05) compared with control bread. Total cholesterol was also reduced significantly after both guar bread and guar granulate (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.02), the changes being due to LDL-cholesterol. Dietary intakes and body weight did not change. No significant side-effects were reported; 14 subjects found guar bread more palatable than guar granulate but 8 preferred the granulate for its convenience. We conclude that a lower than convential dose of guar can be effective and palatable. The incorporation of guar into food increases its metabolic benefits and palatability.