Endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats as a model for human disease.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
P R Egbert
Publications and source records attributed to P R Egbert.
Oculocerebral malformations. A reappraisal of Walker's 'lissencephaly'.
We describe an infant with multiple ocular and cerebral malformations. The eye lesions included microphthalmia, detachment and dysplasia of the retina, hypoplasia of the optic nerve, persistence of the primary vitreous, cataracts, obliteration of the anterior chamber, and vascularization of the cornea. In the brain, the salient features were microencephaly, agyria of an unusual type, cerebellar hypoplasia and dysplasia, persistent corpus pontobulbare, obliteration of the subarachnoid space, and a midline arachnoid cyst in the posterior fossa. We suggest that these lesions were the end result of a fetal infection that operated during a protracted period starting not later than the fourth month of intrauterine life.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Treatment of orbital pseudotumor (idiopathic orbital inflammation) by radiation therapy.
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Female↗
Posterior ocular abnormalities after irradiation for retinoblastoma: a histopathological study.
Radiation-induced ocular lesions in the posterior eye and orbit were investigated in 33 surgical specimens of patients with retinoblastoma. The eyes were obtained from children 7 months to 6 years of age. Seventeen eyes were irradiated; 16 eyes had not received irradiation and served as controls. The majority of the irradiated eyes were treated with 6000 rads of external beam radiation. They were removed at a mean of 23 months after radiotherapy. All specimens were examined simultaneously by 2 observers without knowledge of treatment and analysed for the presence or absence of 15 lesions. The most consistent lesions in the irradiated eyes were abnormalities of the retinal vessels (11 of 17 eyes) and striking changes in the ciliary arteries (13 of 17 eyes). The retinal vessels showed thickening of the wall, often caused by deposition of fibrillary material, sometimes with fibrin deposits. The most consistent lesion was myointimal proliferation with narrowing of the ciliary arteries. Lesions of the central retinal artery were less common but occurred only in irradiated patients.
Child↗
Cytomegalovirus retinitis in immunosuppressed hosts. I. Natural history and effects of treatment with adenine arabinoside.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis presents with typical ophthalmologic appearance in patients with underlying immunosuppressive conditions. Fourteen patients with this disorder were diagnosed by culture of cytomegalovirus from urine or throat specimens, elevated complement fixation titers to cytomegalovirus, and characteristic funduscopic appearance. Ten of 11 had decreased CMV-specific cell-mediated immune responses. Three of seven who received no specific therapy improved after decreasing dosages of immunosuppressive drugs. Seven patients with progressive disease despite minimal immunosuppressive therapy were treated with adenine arabinoside at doses from 1 to 20 mg/kg of body weight per day. Daily dosages of 20 mg/kg . d in five patients were associated with decreased inflammatory activity and improvement of retinal lesions and quantitative decreases in urinary virus excretion. Adenine arabinoside administration was associated with significant gastrointestinal, hematologic, and neurologic side effects. Adenine arabinoside may have some beneficial effect on selected patients with progressive CMV retinitis.
Adult↗
Cytomegalovirus retinitis in immunosuppressed hosts. II. Ocular manifestations.
We observed the course of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in 21 eyes of 14 immunosuppressed patients. In two patients, other organisms, specifically Toxoplasma and Candida, also appeared to be causing retinal disease simultaneously. Post-mortem examination was done on 10 eyes from seven patients. At initial presentation, the retinitis was often asymptomatic and diagnosed during routine examination. The ophthalmoscopic picture was characteristic of cytomegalovirus; the early lesion was a small opaque, white granular area of retinal necrosis that spread in a centrifugal, brush-fire-like manner over 1 to 8 months. Vessel sheating and hemorrhages appeared as the disease progressed. In two patients new foci of retinitis developed remote from the original lesion. Four weeks to 4 months (average, 10 weeks) elapsed from the most extensive disease to total resolution. Resolution of active disease left a subtle retinal scar, and final visual acuity was reduced in one half the eyes. Repeated ophthalmoscopic examinations can aid in early diagnosis of CMV retinitis and in ascertaining which persons are most at risk for visual loss.
Candidiasis↗
Candida endophthalmitis after intravenous drug abuse.
Patients with endogenous Candida endophthalmitis associated with intravenous (IV) drug abuse may manifest ocular and systemic signs different from those seen in other forms of endogenous Candida endophthalmitis. There may be a sparcity of evidence of systemic candidiasis, including negative serology and normal physical examination results. Anterior uveitis and extensive vitreous involvement are common and do not necessarily have associated typical retinal lesions, which are more commonly seen in the compromised host. This may occur either because of the more transitory nature of choroidal or retinal lesions or because these patients often seek treatment at later stages. Even with a typical clinical picture, it is difficult to get culture confirmation of the diagnosis. Material obtained by vitrectomy must be concentrated before inoculation of media because of the known difficulty of culturing Candida from the vitreous cavity.
Adult↗
Regression of iris neovascularization following panretinal photocoagulation.
A 57-year-old woman with proliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes also had iris surface neovascularization with early angle neovascularization in her right eye, which regressed completely following treatment with panretinal photocoagulation. Histopathologic examination confirmed the complete absence of abnormal vessels on the iris surface or in the iridocorneal angle of the right eye; an avascular fibrous membrane persisted on a segment of the posterior iris pigment epithelium near the pupil. There was advanced rubeosis in the untreated left eye.
Collateral Circulation↗
Use of platelet-fibrinogen-thrombin mixture to seal experimental penetrating corneal wounds.
A platelet-fibrinogen-thrombin mixture utilizing autologous platelets was studied for its potential to seal perforating corneal wounds. In rabbits, the mixture demonstrated sufficient adhesive properties to permit 75% of penetrating keratoplasties to remain in place without the use of sutures. All 12 grafts held initially; after 48 h three grafts extruded. In control eyes only two out of 12 (16%) of the corneal grafts remained in place. The material is simple to prepare and apply and is not toxic to the cornea. It does not cause inflammation or lid irritation. Intraocular complications observed with its use were transient anterior synechiae and retrocorneal membrane formation.
Animals↗
Multiple ocular anomalies associated with maternal LSD ingestion.
Severe ocular malformations, including microphthalmos, intraocular cartilage, cataract, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, and retinal dysplasia, occurred in a premature baby girl. The mother had ingested LSD during the first trimester of pregnancy. To our knowledge, this is the third case reported of ocular teratogenesis associated with maternal LSD ingestion. Further cases must be documented to establish an actual cause and effect relationship between the drug and the induced malformations.
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
Optic nerve head involvement with cytomegalovirus in an adult with lymphoma.
An optic nerve swelling that was thought clinically to represent a lymphomatous infiltrate of the nerve head developed in a 51-year-old man with histiocytic lymphoma. Histologic examination of the eyes showed the presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the nerve head, but no lymphoma cells. Tru lymphomatous invasion of the nerve head in systemic lymphoma is probably very rare. This case points out an unusual manifestation of adult CMV infection, and a new concern in patients with compromised immune systems.
Adult↗
Visual results and ocular complications following radiotherapy for retinoblastoma.
Between 1956 and 1974, 28 children with retinoblastoma have been irradiated with the linear accelerator at the Stanford University Medical Center. Twenty-seven children (96%) have been cured of their tumor, with follow-up ranging from 2 1/2 to 21 years. In these survivors, 50 eyes were affected. Twelve were treated by primary enucleation and 38 were irradiated. Sixteen of the 38 irradiated eyes (42%) were ultimately enucleated for recurrent tumor, neovascular glaucoma, or inability to observe the tumor through opaque media. Thus, 22 (58%) irradiated eyes were saved. Of these, five eyes had visual acuity of 20/40 or better, five had 20/50 to 20/100, nine had 20/200 to hand motion, and three had light perception or no light perception. Radiation therapy can sterilize the tumor and maintain useful vision in many children with retinoblastoma.
Cataract↗
A simple conjunctival biopsy.
Biopsy of conjunctival goblet cells may be carried out by pressing a piece of Millipore filter on the conjunctival surface. This can then be stained with PAS and hematoxylin and observed under the microscope after the filter has been cleared with oil. Either spots of mucous corresponding to the openings of the goblet cells are seen, or the filter adheres to the surface and pulls off one or more layers of epithelial cells and goblet cells. The procedure can be carried out on the unanesthetized eye and does not cause discomfort.
Animals↗
Use of a platelet-fibrinogen-thrombin mixture as a corneal adhesive: experiments with sutureless lamellar keratoplasty in the rabbit.
A platelet-fibrinogen-thrombin mixture utilizing autologous platelets was studied for its potential as a corneal adhesive. In the rabbit it demonstrated sufficient adhesive properties to allow 50 per cent of lamellar keratoplasties (autotransplants) to remain in place without the use of sutures. The mixture retains significant adhesive properties for four to six days. It is simple to prepare and apply. It also appears nonantigenic and nontoxic to the cornea; it does not incite inflammation, nor interfere with corneal clarity or the regrowth of corneal epithelium.
Animals↗
Leukemic involvement of the optic nerve.
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Adolescent↗
Flat preparations of the retinal vessels in Coats' disease.
Flat preparations of the retina were prepared by trypsin digestion in ten cases of Coats' disease. All of the patients were young males with advanced disease leading to enucleation. All eyes showed marked abnormalities in the arterioles, venules, and capillaries. The findings most characteristic of Coats' disease were large aneurysms and thick PAS positive deposits in vessel walls. The aneurysms ranged from 50 to 350 microns and frequently formed large sausage-like or beaded out-pouchings and were sometimes situated on shunt vessels. Other findings frequently seen, but not specific for Coats' disease, were capillary dilatation, small aneurysms, hypocellular vessel walls, and fibrous strands.
Aneurysm↗