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Biomedical subjects

P Price

Publications and source records attributed to P Price.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effects of low dose oral triiodothyronine in myxoedema coma.

Some of the immediate cardiovascular changes and alterations in oxygenation occurring in a patient in myxoedema coma following the oral administration of a single dose of triiodothyronine (T3) (2.5 micrograms) are described. These included increases in oxygen consumption, oxygen delivery, cardiac output, heart rate and ventricular stroke work. Low dose oral T3 can be effective in myxoedema coma and these patients may benefit from the continuous, comprehensive monitoring which can be provided in an intensive care unit. Our observations suggest that over-vigorous attempts to reverse the hypothyroid state could precipitate tissue hypoxia and/or myocardial ischaemia.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

The effects of prostaglandin E2 in rapidly growing rats: depressed longitudinal and radial growth and increased metaphyseal hard tissue mass.

The effects of 0, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, or 6.0 mg of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)/kg/day administered subcutaneously for 3 weeks to triple fluorochrome-labeled weanling rats are reported. Microradiographs and undecalcified sections of proximal tibiae, tibial shafts, and seventh caudal vertebrae were evaluated by static and dynamic bone histomorphometry techniques. Significant changes were observed only at higher dose levels. Proximal tibial longitudinal growth rates were depressed in doses of 1, 3, or 6 mg PGE2/kg/day. Growth plate thickness and the size of hypertrophic cartilage cells were decreased in animals given 3 and 6 mg of PGE2/kg/day, but the calculated rate of cartilage cell production was unaffected. At doses of 6 mg PGE2/kg/day, periosteal bone apposition rates between Day -1 and Day +19 in both the tibial shafts and caudal vertebral cortices were depressed by less than 25%. Cortical bone mass and endosteal bone apposition rates in the tibial shaft and caudal vertebrae were unaffected. Hard tissue mass in the secondary spongiosa of the proximal tibial metaphysis increased dramatically (28%, 44%, and 60%, respectively) in rats treated with 1, 3, or 6 mg PGE2/kg/day. In addition, the secondary spongiosa contained numerous islands of woven trabecular bone along with an increased number of trabeculae. The study demonstrates that high doses of PGE2 stimulate new woven trabecular bone production and depress longitudinal and radial growth in rapidly growing rats.

1-Carboxyglutamic Acid↗
PubMed1985

Expression in Escherichia coli of a cloned DNA sequence encoding the pre-S2 region of hepatitis B virus.

A DNA sequence encoding the entire pre-S2 region (amino acids 120-174; serotype ayw) of human hepatitis B virus envelope protein has been inserted into the lacZ gene of the plasmid pSKS105 yielding a recombinant, pWS3. Lac+ colonies of the Escherichia coli M182 delta (lacIOPZYA), isolated after transformation with pWS3, produced a pre-S2 peptide-beta-galactosidase fusion protein. This fusion protein, which comprised as much as 3% of the total bacterial protein, was purified to greater than 90% homogeneity by affinity chromatography on p-aminophenyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside-Sepharose. It is immunoprecipitable with rabbit antibodies to a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 120-145 of the pre-S2 region of serotype adw [pre-S(120-145)] or with antibodies to hepatitis B virus. pre-S(120-145) completely blocked the binding of either antibody to the pre-S2 peptide-beta-galactosidase fusion protein. These results indicate that there are antigenic determinants on the fusion protein that are closely related to, if not identical to, determinants on synthetic pre-S(120-145) and on pre-S2 sequences of native hepatitis B virus particles. Thus, bacteria transformed with pWS3 can provide an abundant source of pre-S2-beta-galactosidase fusion protein, which may prove useful either as a diagnostic reagent possessing marker enzyme activity suitable for ELISA tests or as an immunogen with potential to contribute to active prophylaxis of hepatitis B.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of quality of contents of general practice records.

The quality of contents of general practice records was assessed by retrieving clinical information pertaining to hypertension in 171 consecutive records, and the quality of communication storage was assessed by seeking evidence of tuberculin skin tests or BCG vaccination, or both, in 298 consecutive records. There was no mention of urine analysis and blood test results in 43.3% and no record of fundal examination in 61.4% of the records of patients with hypertension. Electrocardiography was performed in 67.8% and chest x ray examination was done in 65.5% of these patients. These observations have importance for patient care, education, and research. The information regarding tuberculin skin test or BCG immunization, or both, was not available in 78% of the records. Reassessment of the individuals, however, showed that 89% of the studied population had had the test or vaccination, or both. There was thus a deficiency in communication and storage.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1984

The role of opioid peptides in the hormonal responses to acute exercise in man.

Opioid involvement in the physiological and hormonal responses to acute exercise was investigated in six normal male subjects. Each was exercised to 40% (mild exercise) and 80% (severe exercise) of his previously determined maximal oxygen consumption on two occasions, with and without an infusion of high-dose naloxone. The exercise task was a bicycle ergometer; mild and severe exercise were performed for 20 min each, followed by a recovery period. Exercise produced the expected increases in heart rate, blood pressure, ventilation, tidal volume, respiratory rate, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. After severe exercise, naloxone infusion increased ventilation from 94.8 +/- 4.9 litres/min to 105.7 +/- 5.0 litres/min (P less than 0.05), but had no effect on any of the other physiological variables. Exercise-induced changes in several hormones and metabolites were noted, including elevations in circulating lactate, growth hormone (GH), prolactin, cortisol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), adrenaline noradrenaline, plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone. There was no change in plasma met-enkephalin. Naloxone infusion produced the expected increases in LH and cortisol, but also significantly enhanced the elevations in prolactin, adrenaline, noradrenaline, plasma renin activity and aldosterone (P less than 0.05). Psychological questionnaires revealed minor mood changes after exercise, but no evidence was found for the suggested 'high' or euphoria of exercise. Effort was perceived as greater during the naloxone infusion than the saline infusion in every subject.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Immunological consequences of intestinal helminth infections. Humoral responses to ovalbumin.

Humoral responses to ovalbumin (OA) administered i.p. with Al(OH)3 were depressed in C57BL mice immunized 5-13 days after infection with N. dubius, but not N. brasiliensis or T. muris. These two parasites induced elevated IgM responses, possibly as a result of systemic contact with parasite larvae or debris since i.v. administered N. dubius also increased IgM titres to OA. Depression of anti-OA IgG titres by N. dubius was also observed in infected BALB/c and CBA mice given OA-Al(OH)3 (i.p.), but not in C57BL mice given OA-Al(OH)3 (s.c.), OA-FCA (i.p. or s.c.), or OA-B, pertussis (i.p.). These findings suggest that local effects of N. dubius within the peritoneum reduce the adjuvanticity of Al(OH)3, resulting in depressed responses to OA-Al(OH)3.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

High dose androgen therapy in male pseudohermaphroditism due to 5 alpha-reductase deficiency and disorders of the androgen receptor.

We describe the clinical and biochemical features of six men with male pseudohermaphroditism due to androgen resistance. Each of the subjects had male-gender behavior but incomplete virilization. The underlying defects in androgen metabolism were defined by studies of the 5 alpha-reductase enzyme and the androgen receptor in fibroblasts cultured from biopsies of genital skin. Four of the six have 5 alpha-reductase deficiency, and two have defects of the androgen receptor (the Reifenstein syndrome). The responses of these men to androgen treatment were assessed by monitoring nitrogen balance, plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) values, and clinical parameters of virilization including penile growth, potency and ejaculatory volume, muscle bulk, and growth of body and facial hair. In all of the subjects with 5 alpha-reductase deficiency and one man with the Reifenstein syndrome significant response occurred, as evidence by nitrogen retention, lowered plasma LH levels, and improved virilization, with doses of parenteral testosterone esters that raised plasma testosterone levels above the normal male range and brought plasma dihydrotestosterone levels into the normal male range. The subject who did not respond with clinical virilization nevertheless showed nitrogen retention in response to acute testosterone administration. This patient had a profound deficiency of the androgen receptor, whereas the man with a receptor defect who did respond clinically to therapy had normal amounts of a qualitatively abnormal receptor. We conclude that high dose androgen therapy may be of benefit in improving virilization, self-image, and sexual performance in subjects with 5 alpha-reductase deficiency who have male-gender behavior and in some subjects with defects of the androgen receptor.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1984

The importance of tuberculin retesting in the adult community at risk.

Tuberculosis immunization status was assessed in 2,501 individuals seeking employment in a district general hospital between January 1979 and December 1981. For 587 (23 per cent) of the employment seekers there was no evidence of BCG vaccination and nor were any of them aware of having had a tuberculin skin test at school. Tuberculin skin tests (Heaf's test) on these 587 individuals showed no reaction in 163 (28 per cent) and a strong (grade 4) reaction in 50 individuals. Only five of the individuals with grade 4 reaction to Heaf's test needed chemotherapy. During the same period, 43 patients with tuberculosis were in contact with 1,568 members of the hospitals's staff.The management of occupational contact is described and the need to rescreen the population at risk is discussed.

England↗
PubMed1983

Characterization of RNA transcripts and virally coded proteins synthesized in mouse fibroblasts transfected with hepatitis B DNA: HBeAg synthesis in HBcAg-negative cells with active core-antigen genes.

A line of mouse cells expressing hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface and 'e' antigens identical in their physico-chemical properties to antigens from patients infected with HBV was isolated after transfection of 3T3 cells with cloned HBV DNA. The studies reported here indicate that the cells contain uninterrupted copies of the entire HBV genome which are unmethylated on CCGG sites and have no gross deletions or rearrangements. The entire core region is transcribed into polyadenylated RNAs large enough to serve as messengers for production of viral core antigen (HBcAg) yet no HBcAg can be detected. This suggests that the cells produce a primary translation product copied from the HBcAg messenger which either cannot assume the proper configuration for display of HBcAg determinants or is rapidly converted to HBeAg by proteolysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immunological consequences of intestinal helminth infections in C57BL mice. The effects on lymphoid tissue and reticuloendothelial function.

The characteristics of primary Nematospiroides dubius, mouse-adapted Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Trichuris muris infections in C57BL mice and their broad effects on lymphoid tissue and reticuloendothelial function have been compared in an attempt to identify correlations between the effects of the parasites and common features of their life cycles. All three parasites increased the size of the spleen and mesenteric node, roughly in proportion to the intestinal worm burden. N. brasiliensis and T. muris caused thymic atrophy, which was not evident with N. dubius even when it was administered intravenously (i.v.) to establish a tissue migration phase. N. brasiliensis accelerated the clearance of I125-labelled polyvinyl pyrrolidone (I125-PVP) from the circulation by increasing uptake by the liver and lungs. N. dubius caused similar increases when given i.v., suggesting that macrophages in these organs are activated by migrating larvae, but did not affect the levels of I125-PVP in circulation. An established intestinal N. dubius infection increased the levels in circulation and in peritoneal cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immunological consequences of intestinal helminth infections in C57BL mice. Humoral responses to polyvinyl pyrrolidone.

Infection with Trichuris muris eggs or Nematospiroides dubius larvae (orally administered) did not affect IgG or IgM antibody responses to 0 X 2 micrograms polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) (intravenously (i.v.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.)) or 20 micrograms PVP (i.p.) in C57BL mice. However, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis L3 subcutaneously (s.c.) and N. dubius L3 (i.v.) significantly increased responses to PVP (i.p.) so migrating larvae are probably responsible. Similar enhancement was obtained when extracts of N. brasiliensis worms or N. dubius larvae were administered i.p. The activity of N. brasiliensis extract was trypsin-insensitive and unaffected by heat (1 h, 60 degrees). Extracts of A. suum did not cause significant enhancement and BALB/c mice were not affected by N. brasiliensis extract. The possible roles of regulatory T-cells, non-specific mitogenesis and macrophage activation are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immunological consequences of intestinal helminth infections in C57BL mice. Natural and induced responses to sheep erythrocytes.

Nematospiroides dubius, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Trichuris muris infections in C57BL mice increased background IgM titres to SRC but not to erythrocytes from other species. However, no cross-reaction between parasite extracts and SRC could be demonstrated and the enhancement was not evident in other strains of mice. There were no comparable rises in total IgM levels, but declining IgM responses to ovalbumin were boosted by N. dubius, so the rise was probably caused by selective expansion of activated clones of cells. N. dubius also increased responses to low doses of SRC given intraperitoneally (i.p.) a few days after infection, whilst optimal SRC doses induced normal responses. In contrast, N. brasiliensis and T. muris often depressed responses to SRC though the effect was variable and the timing of challenge was critical. Thus, whereas the enhancement of natural titres occurs in C57BL mice infected with any of the parasites tested here or in previous studies, the effects on responses to injected SRC depend on the species of parasite.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus infection in a homosexual man with severe acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

A 44-yr-old white homosexual man with a history of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed watery diarrhea and fever. Flexible sigmoidoscopy revealed yellow plaques in the sigmoid colon suggestive of pseudomembranous colitis. Stool examination for ova and parasites, Clostridium difficile toxin, and cultures for pathogens, including Clostridium difficile, were negative. Infection with multiple organisms, including Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, Toxoplasma gondii, herpes simplex, and cytomegalovirus, was demonstrated. Postmortem examination showed esophageal and colonic ulcerations with cytomegalic inclusions, and cytomegalovirus was cultured from the colonic lesions. This report describes a case of disseminated cytomegalovirus infection with esophageal and colonic involvement in a homosexual man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗