Increased adiposity due to viral infection in animals.
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Adipose Tissue↗
Biomedical subjects
P Preziosi
Publications and source records attributed to P Preziosi.
Consumption of soup and nutritional intake in French adults: consequences for nutritional status.
AIM: The impact of soup consumption on nutrient intake and nutritional indicators was assessed in adults who consumed soup compared to those who did not or who were occasional eaters. METHODS: Data were obtained for 2,188 men and 2,849 women living in France and participating in the SU.VI.MAX cohort, who reported twelve 24-h dietary records during a 2-year follow-up period (60,444 records). Subjects were divided into three groups: (1) those who ate soup 0-2 days or less out of 6 days were classified as occasional or non-consumers; (2) those who consumed soup 3-4 days out of 6 were defined as regular consumers; (3) those who consumed soup 5-6 days out of 6 were defined as heavy consumers. RESULTS: Seven per cent of women and 9% of men were heavy consumers of soup. Respectively, 46 and 42% were regular, and 47 and 49% were occasional or non-consumers. Mean energy intake was lower in heavy consumers than in occasional or non-consumers, but the difference was statistically significant only in women. In men and women, heavy consumers of soup had significantly higher intakes of carbohydrates than occasional and non-consumers (245 g J(-1) vs. 227 g J(-1) in men; 186 g J(-1) vs. 176 g J(-1) in women) and lower lipid intakes (97 g J(-1) vs. 102 g J(-1) in men; 80 g J(-1) vs. 75 g J(-1) in women). Soup consumers presented lower energy intake at dinner than light or non-consumers. In soup consumers, breakfast and lunch contained greater amounts of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, but dinner contained significantly smaller amounts of lipids and proteins. A higher frequency of BMI > 27 kg m(-2) was found in occasional and non-soup consumers; conversely a higher frequency of BMI between 23 and 27 kg m(-2) was found in regular consumers of soup and a higher frequency of BMI < 23 kg m(-2) in heavy consumers. For women, an association was found between occasional or non- consumers and BMI > 25 kg m(-2) and between heavy consumers and BMI < 22 kg m(-2). Likewise an association was found in men only between heavy consumption of soup and lower value of serum cholesterol. CONCLUSION: The present data suggest that the consumption of soups contributes to a balanced diet. Consumption of soup may be beneficial for a healthy nutritional status in the overall population.
Adult↗
Use of 'light' foods and drinks in French adults: biological, anthropometric and nutritional correlates.
BACKGROUND: A population of over 12,000 mature subjects participated in a longitudinal study (8 years) of nutrition and health (the Su.Vi.Max Study). In this context, a specific cross-sectional study was carried out in a randomly selected subpopulation. AIM: To identify anthropometric, nutritional and biochemical correlates of spontaneous use of 'light' foods and drinks in a free-living population. DESIGN: Men (n = 2299) and women (n = 1979), 45-60 years, reported their food intakes over six non-consecutive days. Consumers of low-fat and low-sugar foods and drinks, and artificial sweeteners, were compared with non-consumers. RESULTS: Users of low-sugar products were heavier than non-users; female consumers of low-fat products, but not males, had higher body weight and BMI than non-consumers. Users of low-sugar products had higher triacylglycerols and glycaemia than non-users while biochemical parameters were not different in users and non-users of low-fat products. Use of low-sugar products led to increased diet density of a few micronutrients, including cholesterol. Low-fat product selection was associated with increased intake of most micronutrients, both in absolute value and in density. CONCLUSIONS: In mature adults, selection of fat-reduced products was associated with improved quality of the diet, while anthropometric and biological parameters appeared less favourable in consumers of low-sugar products vs. non-consumers. The longitudinal follow-up of the cohort in future years will help determine cause-and-effect relationships among these parameters.
Adult↗
Iron deficiency in Europe.
In Europe, iron deficiency is considered to be one of the main nutritional deficiency disorders affecting large fractions of the population, particularly such physiological groups as children, menstruating women and pregnant women. Some factors such as type of contraception in women, blood donation or minor pathological blood loss (haemorrhoids, gynaecological bleeding...) considerably increase the difficulty of covering iron needs. Moreover, women, especially adolescents consuming low-energy diets, vegetarians and vegans are at high risk of iron deficiency. Although there is no evidence that an absence of iron stores has any adverse consequences, it does indicate that iron nutrition is borderline, since any further reduction in body iron is associated with a decrease in the level of functional compounds such as haemoglobin. The prevalence of iron-deficient anaemia has slightly decreased in infants and menstruating women. Some positive factors may have contributed to reducing the prevalence of iron-deficiency anaemia in some groups of population: the use of iron-fortified formulas and iron-fortified cereals; the use of oral contraceptives and increased enrichment of iron in several countries; and the use of iron supplements during pregnancy in some European countries. It is possible to prevent and control iron deficiency by counseling individuals and families about sound iron nutrition during infancy and beyond, and about iron supplementation during pregnancy, by screening persons on the basis of their risk for iron deficiency, and by treating and following up persons with presumptive iron deficiency. This may help to reduce manifestations of iron deficiency and thus improve public health. Evidence linking iron status with risk of cardiovascular disease or cancer is unconvincing and does not justify changes in food fortification or medical practice, particularly because the benefits of assuring adequate iron intake during growth and development are well established. But stronger evidence is needed before rejecting the hypothesis that greater iron stores increase the incidence of CVD or cancer. At present, currently available data do not support radical changes in dietary recommendations. They include all means for increasing the content of dietary factors enhancing iron absorption or reducing the content of factors inhibiting iron absorption. Increased knowledge and increased information about factors may be important tools in the prevention of iron deficiency in Europe.
Adolescent↗
Right varicocele associated with inferior vena cava malformation in situs inversus: percutaneous treatment with retrograde sclerotherapy.
Isolated right varicocele is a rare condition. It could be secondary to a retroperitoneal neoplastic mass involving the right internal spermatic vein, but sometimes, an anatomic variant must be considered. We present a case of a young man with situs inversus and right varicocele, a mirror image of the normal condition, associated with inferior vena cava malformation, who was treated successfully with retrograde selective percutaneous sclerotherapy of the right internal spermatic vein. Selective sclerotherapy of the internal spermatic vein at the time of venography has proved to be a valuable therapeutic option in right-sided varicocele associated with anatomic abnormalities.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Effect of two years' supplementation with natural antioxidants on vitamin and trace element status biomarkers: preliminary data of the SU.VI.MAX study.
The "SUpplementation en VItamines et Minéraux AntioXidants" (SU.VI.MAX) study is a randomized double-blind, placebo controlled, primary-prevention trial designed to test the efficacy of a daily supplementation with antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C, 120 mg; vitamin E, 30 mg; and beta-carotene, 6 mg) and minerals (selenium, 100 microg; and zinc, 20 mg) at nutritional doses (one to three times the daily recommended dietary allowances), in reducing the frequency of cancers and cardiovascular diseases. The study involves 12,735 eligible subjects (women aged 35-60 years, men aged 45-60 years) included in 1994 in France. They will be followed up for 8 years. The targeted population is the general population. The aim of this specific analysis is to assess the effect of 2 years of supplementation on biochemical indicators of vitamin and trace element on a subsample of 1000 subjects. The mean (+/- standard deviation) concentrations of plasma beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C, selenium and zinc among participants who were randomly assigned to receive a daily supplementation with beta-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium and zinc for 2 years were significantly higher than those who were assigned to receive placebo. Specifically, the mean concentrations among men in the intervention group were 0.86 +/- 0.70 micromol/L for beta-carotene, 35.3 +/- 9.3 micromol/L for alpha-tocopherol, 11.5 +/- 4.7 microg/ mL for vitamin C, 1.65 +/- 0.33 micromol/L for selenium, and 16.2 +/- 3.9 micromol/L for zinc. The mean concentrations among women in the intervention were 1.25 +/- 0.90 micromol/L for beta-carotene, 34.9 +/- 8.4 micromol/L for alpha-tocopherol, 12.6 +/- 4.0 microg/mL for vitamin C, 1.68 +/- 0.37 micromol/L for selenium, and 15.3 +/- 3.9 micromol/L for zinc. The values observed for beta-carotene and vitamin E in the supplementation group after 2 years of intervention are those that have been associated with the lowest risk of cancer in observational studies. They are definitely lower than concentrations reported in intervention studies showing an apparent negative effect of high levels of beta-carotene supplementation on the lung cancer incidence rate in high-risk subjects (initial level multiplied by 12-18). Data from the follow-up will ascertain if any plausible reduction in the incidence rate of cancers may be associated with such amounts of antioxidant agents.
Adult↗
K(+)-Evoked [(3)H]D-aspartate release in rat spinal cord synaptosomes: modulation by neuropeptide Y and calcium channel antagonists.
This study was conducted to investigate mechanisms regulating the release of [(3)H]D-aspartate (or endogenous glutamate) in the rat spinal cord. Presynaptic modulation of glutamate release was studied in superfused synaptosomes depolarized with 20 mM KCl. Calcium-channel antagonists, omega-conotoxin GVIA (omega-CgTx GVIA; N-type), nifedipine (L-type), and omega-conotoxin MVIIC (omega-CmTx MVIIC; P/Q type), were used to characterize the voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels (VOCCs) involved in this release. Nifedipine had no significant effect on the K(+)-evoked release of [(3)H]D-aspartate, but the omega-conotoxins GVIA and MVIIC produced dose-dependent inhibitory effects that were additive. The most substantial reduction (54.30% +/- 4.40%) was seen with omega-CgTx GVIA, indicating that N-type channels play a major role in the release of glutamate in this tissue. We investigated the effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY), NPY(13-36), and [Leu(31)][Pro(34)]NPY on Ca(2+)-dependent, K(+)-evoked [(3)H]D-aspartate release. NPY and NPY(13-36) equipotently inhibited the release of glutamate in a concentration-dependent manner. The half-maximal response was observed at about 12 nM; maximal inhibition of 44.22% +/- 4.60% was achieved with 0.3 microM. The selective GABA(B) agonist (-)baclofen inhibited K(+)-evoked [(3)H]D-aspartate release from superfused spinal cord synaptosomes by 50.00% +/- 4.80% at 10 microM. When NPY(13-36) and (-)baclofen were used together at maximal doses, their release-inhibiting effects were not additive. In addition, neither of the agonists was able to enhance the inhibition produced by pretreating the synaptosomes with the selective inhibitor of N-type VOCCs omega-CgTx GVIA. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that presynaptic Y(2)-like and GABA(B) receptors regulate glutamate release by blocking Ca(2+) currents through N-type VOCCs. Characterization of the receptors that can inhibit the release of glutamate may provide useful information for treatment of conditions characterized by excessive glutamatergic transmission in the spinal cord.
Animals↗
A case-control study of the effects of hydroxyurea on circulating cortisol levels in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and chronic myeloproliferative disorders.
We have shown previously that the antitumor drug, hydroxyurea (HU) is able to induce dose-dependent increases in plasma corticosterone levels in the rat. The drug was administered early in the morning, when the levels of circulating glucocorticoids are low in this species. Normally, in humans under physiological conditions, cortisol levels are elevated early in the morning, to which a sharp decrease follows between 09:00 and 11:00 hours. In a group of healthy volunteers, HU significantly attenuated the decrease in cortisol levels occurring between 09:00 and 11:00 hours with respect to the same subjects receiving placebo. Given the different circadian rhythms of the two species, such an effect of HU in man appeared to be the counterpart of the increase in serum corticosterone occurring in the rat. In the present study, we have attempted to ascertain whether HU is also able to influence adrenocortical function in patients with acute and chronic myeloproliferative disorders undergoing treatments with high doses of the drug. We found that the rate of decline in circulating cortisol observed in patients during the time interval 09:00-11:00 hours was overlapping to that previously found in healthy volunteers treated with HU. In patients, serum cortisol was still elevated at 15:00 hours, since average hormone levels were near to the upper normal limit of the assay. However, in the absence of a control group treated with placebo, we could not draw any clear-cut conclusion as to whether HU was able to modify significantly the pattern of cortisol release in the study population.
Adult↗
Tachykinin-eicosanoid crosstalk in airway inflammation.
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Anaphylaxis↗
Epidemiologic determinants of skin photoaging: baseline data of the SU.VI.MAX. cohort.
BACKGROUND: Although skin disorders associated with long-term sun exposure account for high morbidity, only few data on sun-related preclinical skin changes are available in the general population. OBJECTIVE: In the present study we determined reference values for markers of photoaging in French adults, and we evaluated the relationship between photoaging, phototype, and both behavioral and environmental factors. METHODS: The SU.VI.MAX trial is a multicenter, national intervention trial on 12,735 adults living in France. A transverse analysis was performed on the inclusion data of the sample of volunteers between 45 and 60 years of age who underwent skin evaluation in 1995: 3057 women and 3606 men. Skin was evaluated by means of the Larnier skin photoaging photographic scale and a sun reactive skin type classification derived from those proposed by Fitzpatrick in 1976 and Césarini in 1977. RESULTS: The prevalence of skin photoaging, assessed as a dichotomous variable (from moderate/severe to very severe), was comparable in men and women in same age groups: in women, age group 45-49 years = 22%, 50-54 years = 36%, and 55-60 years = 42%; in men, age group 45-49 years = 17%, 50-54 years = 38%, and 55-60 years = 45%. After adjusting for body mass index, exposure to tobacco, and sunlight exposure, the only variables found to be related to skin photoaging in women were age (55-60 years age group: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 6.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.4-8.2), phototype IIIa, IIIb, and IV (AOR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.1-0.4; AOR = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.2-0.6; and AOR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.3-0.8; respectively), menopausal status (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1-1.9), and geographic location (Southern France: AOR = 0. 7, 95% CI = 0.6-0.9), with a more pronounced effect in lighter phototypes I-II and a protective impact related to southern locations. No relationship was found between the use of oral contraceptives and skin photoaging. The age effect was also found in men (55-60 years age group: AOR = 10.4, 95% CI = 8.3-13.1) and geographic location (Southern France: AOR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.6-0.9), with a most pronounced effect in darker phototypes (phototypes > IV: AOR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.4-5.6). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the prevalence of skin photoaging in the adult French population is determined by age, sex, geographic location, and phototype. The continuation of this longitudinal study will allow for the investigation of the relationship between skin photoaging and the risk of the development of skin diseases.
Female↗
Factors determining the use of hormone replacement therapy in recent naturally postmenopausal women participating in the French SU.VI.MAX cohort.
The determinants of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were studied in a cohort of recently postmenopausal women participating, in France, in a nutritional study (SU.VI.MAX Study). Analysis was performed-analysis on 592 women aged 45 years or more, who had undergone natural menopause which appeared in the 2 previous years. No differences were observed in education level, socio-professional categories, marital status, geographic residence, smoking habits, physical activity, or past contraceptive practice. Past regular gynecologic follow-up appeared to be the strongest determinant of HRT use (odds ratio [OR]: 3.18). Women who reported having had at least one of the studied pathologies (past history of breast cancer, phlebitis, anger, uterine fibroma, hypertension, diabetes or hypercholesterolemia), past abundant menstrual blood losses, and with body mass index (BMI) > or = 25 were less likely to be taking HRT than women free of pathology, with no history of past abundant menstrual blood losses and with low BMI (OR respectively of 0.40, 0.64, 0.62). Women over 51.3 years of age were less likely to use HRT than younger women (OR: 0.92). Finally, in our population, while socio-economic level was not a major determinant of HRT use, the regularity of gynecological follow-up before menopause, overweight, and the existence of a definite or possible contra-indication were strong determinants of HRT use.
Age Factors↗
Dietary patterns in six european populations: results from EURALIM, a collaborative European data harmonization and information campaign.
OBJECTIVE: To determine and describe the extent to which European dietary data collected in disparate surveys can be meaningfully compared. DESIGN: Seven independent population-based surveys from six European countries were initially included. Differences in study designs and methodological approaches were examined. Risk factor data for 31,289 adults aged 40-59 y were harmonized and pooled in a common, centralized database. RESULTS: Direct comparisons of dietary measures across studies were not deemed appropriate due to methodological heterogeneity. Nonetheless, comparisons of intra-population contrasts by gender across sites were considered valid. Women consumed fruit and vegetables more often than men. Age-standardized gender differences in the prevalence of low fruit and vegetable consumption ranged from 7 to 18% and 5 to 15%, respectively. Data on energy intake showed good agreement across study populations. The proportion of total energy from macronutrients was similar for women and men. Gender differences for relative intakes of saturated fatty acids (percentage energy) were small and only in France were they significant. Dietary fibre density was significantly higher in women than in men. Overall, the participating Southern European populations from Italy and Spain exhibited more healthful food composition patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Contrasts in dietary patterns by gender across populations may provide the basis for health promotion campaigns. The most favourable patterns observed may serve as attainable goals for other populations. An international risk factor surveillance programme based upon locally run, good quality studies has the potential to provide the needed data. SPONSORSHIP: European Community (DG V), project 96CVVF3-446-0; Swiss Federal Office for Education and Science, OFES 96.0089.
Adult↗
Determinants of thyroid volume in healthy French adults participating in the SU.VI.MAX cohort.
OBJECTIVE: To study the relative importance of determinants of thyroid volume. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study on a sample of subjects issued from the SU.VI.MAX cohort. SUBJECTS: 2987 French subjects (1713 women aged 35-60 years and 1274 men aged 45-60 years). None of them had previous or present thyroid disease. MEASUREMENTS: Thyroid volume was determined by ultrasound. Serum TSH and free thyroxine (fT4) were measured in duplicate. Urinary iodine and urinary thiocyanate were assayed in random morning urine samples. RESULTS: For both sexes, thyroid volume (ml) was positively correlated with weight, height, body mass index and body surface area (P = 0.0001) and negatively with age for females (P = 0.0009). When the urinary iodine concentration was adjusted for urinary thiocyanate concentration and their interaction, the thyroid volume was negatively correlated with urinary iodine (males P = 0.02, females P = 0.006) and positively correlated with urinary thiocyanate (males P = 0.0001, females P = 0.004). Mean thyroid volume was greater among active smokers than non-smokers (males P < 0.0001, females P = 0.0004) and was greater among former smokers than among non-smokers (males P = 0.0001, females = 0.004). Free T4 and thyroid volume were positively correlated for both sexes (P = 0. 0001). TSH was negatively correlated with thyroid volume for both groups (P = 0.0001). Female users of oral contraception (aged 35-45 years) had a smaller thyroid volume than non-users (P = 0.0009). CONCLUSIONS: The state of borderline iodine deficiency observed in France, in association with a slightly goitrogenic environment, may result in sustained stimulation of the thyroid, independently of TSH level, and is of paramount importance in the formation of goitre. Smoking may affect the thyroid, inducing marked long-lasting thyroid enlargement.
Adult↗
Evidence that hydrogen sulphide can modulate hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis function: in vitro and in vivo studies in the rat.
The gas hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is normally produced in large amounts in the central nervous system during the metabolism of sulphur-containing aminoacids. H2S was recently shown to influence long-term potentiation in the rat hippocampus; this finding suggested that the gas may act as a neuromodulator in the brain. We therefore tested the effect of the gas on the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from rat hypothalamic explants. CRH immunoreactivity in the incubation media was taken as a marker of peptide release. We found that the addition of NaHS to incubation media was consistently associated with a concentration-dependent decrease in KCl-stimulated CRH release, whereas basal secretion was unaffected. Increased endogenous H2S production may be also obtained using an indirect precursor of H2S formation, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe). The latter mimicked the effects of NaHS, since it reduced potassium-stimulated CRH release. In vivo, SAMe showed no effect on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function under resting conditions, but inhibited stress-related glucocorticoid increase.
Adrenal Glands↗
Gaseous neuromodulators in the control of neuroendocrine stress axis.
The gaseous neuromodulator carbon monoxide has been shown to reduce the stimulated release of stress neuropeptides, such as vasopressin and oxytocin, from the rat hypothalamus in vitro, while evidence concerning corticotropin-releasing hormone is controversial. In vivo studies have been conducted in the rat, inhibiting heme oxygenase activity--and hence carbon monoxide biosynthesis--in the central nervous system by means of specific heme oxygenase blockers; these studies showed that basal heme oxygenase activity tends to oppose exaggerated increases in vasopressin secretion following immune-inflammatory challenges, whereas it favors the normal rise in circulating ACTH which follows footshock. Another gas normally produced in mammalian brains under basal conditions, hydrogen sulfide, also appears to play a role in the control of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Indeed, increases in hydrogen sulfide levels within the hypothalamus, either obtained with hydrogen sulfide-enriched media or by the addition of the hydrogen sulfide precursor S-adenosyl-methionine, are associated with the inhibition of the stimulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone from rat hypothalamic explants. Parellel in vivo experiments in the rat under resting conditions and after stress-induced adrenocortical activation show that S-adenosyl-methionine significantly reduces the rise in serum corticosterone levels caused by 1-h exposure to cold. These results demonstrate the pathophysiological importance of both carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide in the regulation of neuroendocrine function.
Animals↗
Obesity and other health determinants across Europe: the EURALIM project.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: EURALIM (EURope ALIMentation), a European collaborative study, aimed to determine and describe the extent to which European data on risk factor distributions from different populations could be pooled and harmonised in a common database for international comparisons. SETTING: Seven independent population-based surveys from six European countries (France, Italy, Northern Ireland/United Kingdom, Spain, Switzerland, the Netherlands). METHODS: Data for 18 381 women and 12 908 men aged 40-59 were pooled in a common database. Central statistical analyses on major cardiovascular risk factors were conducted with careful consideration of methodological issues, including differences in study designs, data assessment tools, and analytic techniques used. MAIN RESULTS: Because of the detected variability among methods used, direct comparisons of risk factor distributions and prevalences between studies were problematic. None the less, comparisons of within population contrasts by sex, age group, and other health determinants were considered to be meaningful and apt, as illustrated here for obesity. Results were targeted and disseminated to both the general public and public health professionals and framed in the context of a European information campaign. CONCLUSIONS: International and national comparisons between existing locally run studies are feasible and useful, but harmonisation methods need improvement. Development of an international risk factor surveillance programme based on decentralised data collection is warranted. In the meantime, risk factor contrasts across populations can be used as a basis for targeting needed public health intervention programmes.
Adult↗
Circulating interleukin-1-beta levels after acute and prolonged exposure to low temperatures: human and rat studies.
In this study we have investigated whether IL-1 acts as a mediator of stress responses elicited by exposure to low temperatures. We also sought whether IL-1 is released from the adrenal gland under basal conditions or after exposure to low temperatures. Normal and adrenalectomized (ADX) rats were used for acute studies, whereas the effects of a prolonged exposure were investigated in a group of human subjects during a 45-day stay in Antarctica. Circulating levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) were taken as a marker of systemic IL-1 production both in humans and rats. In the latter, serum corticosterone (Cort) was also estimated. In intact rats, exposure to low temperatures (-25 or -35 degrees C) for 30 or 90 min did not modify circulating IL-1beta levels with respect to controls taken at +20 degrees C. Adrenalectomy was associated with an increase in cytokine levels only in the group exposed to -35 degrees C for 90 min; such increase is statistically significant compared to all groups of normal rats, whatever the experimental condition, as well as to ADX rats exposed to +20 degrees C and -25 degrees C for 30 and 90 min. In normal rats, the increase in circulating Cort levels was already maximal after exposure to -25 degrees C for 30 min. In humans, circulating IL-1beta levels after 45 days in Antarctica were significantly lower than those measured on arrival in the same subjects. Thus, no change in circulating IL-1beta was associated with acute low-temperature stress in rats, whereas a marked decrease in serum cytokine was observed in humans after prolonged exposure to a cold environment. Experiments with ADX rats indicated that the contribution of the adrenal glands to total-body IL-1beta production is negligible or absent.
Adrenalectomy↗
Contribution of ready-to-eat cereals to nutrition intakes in French adults and relations with corpulence.
AIMS: The nutrient impact of ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal consumption was assessed in adults (men 45-60 years; women 35-60 years old) who regularly consumed RTE cereals anytime during the day, compared to those who did not or who were occasional eaters. METHODS: Data were obtained for 2,188 men and 2,851 women living in France and participating in the SU.VI.MAX cohort, who reported twelve 24-hour dietary records during 2 years of follow-up (60,468 records). RESULTS: In the heavy consumers group, RTE cereals provided 193 kcal/day for men and 168 kcal/day for women and contributed 8-10% of total daily energy intake; 15-17% of total daily carbohydrates intake; 4% of total daily lipids intake; 5-6% of total protein intake; and 19-23% of total fiber intake. Moreover, RTE cereals contributed 20-30% of total daily intake for vitamins B1, B2, B6 and folic acid, and 7% for vitamin B12. For minerals, they provided, respectively, for men and women, 22 and 25% of total daily intake for iron, 12 and 14% for magnesium, and 4% for calcium. In both genders, heavy consumers of RTE cereals derived a greater proportion of daily energy from carbohydrates and a lesser proportion of energy from fats. Total daily fiber intake is higher for RTE cereal consumers than for nonconsumers and increases with the frequency of consumption. Frequent consumers of RTE cereals have higher dietary intakes of calcium, magnesium, iron, vitamins B1, B2, B6, and folic acid than do nonconsumers. BMI and waist/hip ratio were significantly lower in heavy consumers of RTE cereals than in nonconsumers. CONCLUSIONS: The present data suggest that the consumption of RTE cereals contributes to a balanced diet. The strong association between cereal consumption and vitamin and mineral intakes confirm previous studies suggesting that RTE cereals make a major contribution to micronutrient intakes. The consumption of RTE cereals also appears to be associated with lower corpulence.
Adult↗