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Biomedical subjects

P Prasad

Publications and source records attributed to P Prasad.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of acute water deprivation on renal function in rats.

The effect of acute water deprivation for 96 h on renal function was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were estimated using inulin and p-amino hippuric acid (PAH), respectively, as model compounds. Acute water deprivation caused a significant decrease (44 per cent) in the GFR without altering the ERPF. These results indicate that a proper dosage adjustment may have to be made in the dehydration condition, especially for drugs whose disposition is dependent on GFR.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tuberculous perforations of the small intestine.

The hospital records of 58 patients operated on for tuberculous perforations of the small intestines at our hospital between 1987 and 1996 were reviewed. Clinical features were non-specific in the majority of the patients. Pneumoperitoneum on abdominal radiographs was present in only 28 (48.3%) patients. Forty-five (77.6%) were operated on within 36 hours of perforation. Surgical management consisted of resection and end-to-end anastomosis (n = 45); oval excision of the perforation and transverse anastomosis reinforced with an omental patch (n = 7); ileo-transverse colostomy (n = 5); and peritoneal drainage only (n = 1). There were 17 deaths (29.3%). Adverse prognostic factors were operation beyond 36 hours (p < 0.01), multiple perforations (p < 0.001), and faecal fistula formation (p < 0.01). Mortality was least with early resection and end-to-end anastomosis of the perforated bowel segment. We conclude that a high index of suspicion is essential for early diagnosis and optimal treatment of patients with tuberculous intestinal perforations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study on prevalence of scabies in a resettlement colony (slum area) and its association with some sociocultural and environmental factors.

A house to house survey as a part of mass treatment of scabies was done in one of the resettlement colonies of Delhi with a population of 9341 in 2035 families, to study some of the sociocultural and environmental factors in families having scabies patients. It was observed that overcrowding, sleeping habits due to limited sleeping space, sharing of linen, clothes and towels were some of the factors associated with scabies. There was no association between the size of the family and persons affected by scabies. The majority of the population were ignorant about the etiology and mode of spread of the disease.

Demography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bilateral acute retinal necrosis--a case report.

A 42 year old man presented with acute bilateral uveitis and necrotizing retinitis. Systemic investigations including test for AIDS and CMV retinitis were negative. Despite oral Acyclovir, both eyes progressed rapidly to retinal detachment with loss of vision. Early recognition is necessary to diagnose the bilateral acute retinal necrosis syndrome and initiate treatment. Bilateral acute retinal necrosis (BARN) is a term first coined by Young and Bird in 1978 although the syndrome had been originally described by Urayama et al as an unilateral condition. This syndrome is characterized by the triad of acute confluent peripheral necrotizing retinitis, moderate to severe vasculitis and vitritis in an otherwise healthy individual. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment occurs within two to three months of the onset of the disease and the second eye is involved in 36% of patients, usually within 6 weeks. We herein report a patient who presented with simultaneous BARN leading to retinal detachment in a matter of days. Also, to our knowledge this is the first report of this condition in India.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cluster headache or narrow angle glaucoma?

A 47 year old man with episodes of attacks of pain, redness and mild blurring of vision was investigated for narrow angle glaucoma in view of shallow anterior chambers and a cupped optic disc. The history was reviewed following a spontaneous attack in hospital, which had features other than acute glaucoma. A diagnosis of cluster headache was made on the basis of tests. Cluster headache has been defined as unilateral intense pain, involving the eye and head on one side, usually associated with flushing, nasal congestion and lacrimation; the attacks recurring one or more times daily and lasting 20 - 120 minutes. Such attacks commonly continue for weeks or months and are separated by an asymptomatic period of months to years. This episodic nature, together with unilaterality and tendency to occur at night, closely mimics narrow angle glaucoma. Further, if patients have shallow anterior chambers and disc cupping, the differentiation becomes more difficult yet critical. Resource to provocative tests is often the only answer as the following case report demonstrates.

Cluster Headache↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disposition of procainamide and N-acetylprocainamide in protein-calorie malnutrition.

The influence of dietary protein deficiency on the disposition of procainamide (PA) and its major metabolite, N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA) was investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed for 4 weeks on a 23 (control) or a 5% (low) protein diet ad libitum. Procainamide and N-acetylprocainamide in plasma and urine were determined by a sensitive and specific HPLC assay using a cation-exchange column. After an iv dose of 50 mg/kg procainamide hydrochloride, the average mean residence time (MRT) was approximately 82% higher, while the total plasma clearance (CI) per kg of body weight and terminal elimination rate constant (k) were significantly decreased by 46 and 49%, respectively, in the protein-deficient animals. No significant differences were found in the two groups of animals with respect to the apparent steady state volume of distribution (Vss). Although the percentage of PA recovered unchanged in the urine over 48 hr was not significantly different between control and protein-deficient animals, rats on a low protein diet excreted a smaller percentage of the administered PA dose (mean +/- SE, 19.0 +/- 4.0 vs. 30.8 +/- 1.4%) as NAPA. In addition to the apparent decrease in metabolic clearance (CIm) to NAPA (6.8 +/- 1.4 vs. 19.9 +/- 2.3 ml/min/kg) in the protein-deficient rats, there was a 55% decrease in the renal clearance of PA. There appeared to be no significant difference in the disposition characteristics of NAPA (i.e. MRT, Vss, CI, and k) between the two groups of animals after a 25 mg/kg dose of N-acetylprocainamide hydrochloride.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acecainide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fractures of the upper-third of the tibial shaft.

Thirty-eight cases of upper tibial shaft fractures were studied. These formed 9.16% of the total 415 cases of tibial shaft fractures, in the present series. The fractures were mainly found in adults, due to high energy trauma and oblique and spiral in nature. 63.16% were simple and 36.84% compound fractures. Twenty-eight cases (73.68%) showed evidence of delayed and non-union, after primary conservative treatment of standard 12 weeks duration, and required secondary conservative or surgical treatment. The average time required for fracture union was ten weeks after the second line of treatment, and least in the surgically-treated group who underwent open reduction, bone graft and plate fixation. Possible factors explaining the high rate of delayed union and non-union in fractures of this region of the tibial shaft are disparity in size of the fractured fragments, proximity of the fracture site to the knee joint, attachment of the popliteus and soleus muscles to the upper popliteal surface of the tibia, disruption of the main nutrient artery of the tibia in the upper third of the shaft. Further experimental observation, offering a new subject for future study, is necessary to establish the causes.

Adolescent↗