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Biomedical subjects

P Porter

Publications and source records attributed to P Porter.

123 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Significance of immune mechanisms in relation to enteric infections of the gastrointestinal tract in animals.

The impact of bacterial colonization on the alimentary tract in early life is reflected in gross changes in morphology. Subsequent health, if not survival, may largely be determined by a continuum of local intestinal immune mechanisms and it is essential for antibody development during the neonatal period to compensate adequately for declining passive maternal antibody. Consequent upon the development of the gut microflora the lamina becomes infiltrated with immunocytes in which the dominant immunoglobulins produced are IgM and IgA. Both immunoglobulins are transported across the epithelium by a process involving membrane-bound vesicles. Germ-free and fistulated pigs and calves are shown to be able to respond to oral immunization with Escherichia coli O somatic antigens during the first week of life. Resistance to infection with enteropathogenic E. coli was significantly enhanced, along with other parameters of nutrition and performance. However, in the young chick, although the intestinal response to infection with E. coli was similar to that in the mammal, no response to E. coli O antigens could be determined on oral administration in germ-free or local intestinal applications in fistulated birds. In the mammalian intestine secretory antibodies participate in the control of pathogenic E. coli by blocking adhesion to the mucosal epithelium, interfering with the elaboration of surface antigens, inhibiting toxins, and facilitating rapid elimination from the alimentary tract by agglutination and bacteriostasis. In consequence fewer enteropathogens are excreted into the environment, an important feature in modern intensive systems of animal production.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prenatal substance abuse in California: findings from the Perinatal Substance Exposure Study.

This article reports the overall statewide findings of an epidemiological study that included 29,494 pregnant women who had been admitted for delivery in more than 200 hospitals in California and who were tested for alcohol and other drugs via blind urine toxicology screens. Results were matched to demographic data. The article includes analysis and discussion of four major variables: race/ethnic group differences, acculturation, source of payment for birth, and prenatal care status. Regional results are also discussed. The authors emphasize the high rate of alcohol use and self-reported tobacco use in comparison to relatively low rates of illicit drug use. Alcohol use rates were fairly stable, while use of illicit drugs and tobacco tended to vary according to social and demographic variables. The findings establish the need for both broad-based and targeted prevention and intervention programs to better disseminate the risks involved in drinking alcohol, smoking tobacco, and using drugs during pregnancy.

Acculturation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Orem's theory applied to pediatric residential treatment.

Nurses working in multidisciplinary pediatric residential treatment facilities must maintain a clarity of domain. The Orem Self-Care Model is evaluated for the use in settings of this kind and shown to be both appropriate and adaptable.

Adolescent↗