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P Plans

Publications and source records attributed to P Plans.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Catalonia (Spain).

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most important public health problems in developed countries. We have studied the epidemiology of the following cardiovascular disease risk factors in a random sample (n = 704) of the adult population of Catalonia (Spain): hypercholesterolemia (> or = 6.1) mmol/l or 240 mg/dl), hypertension (SBP > or = 160 and/or DBP > or = 95 mmHg), low HDL-cholesterol concentrations (< 0.9 mmol/l or 35 mg/dl), hypertriglyceridemia (> 2.8 mmol/l or 250 mg/dl), obesity (BMI > 30), smoking and history of diabetes and coronary heart disease. Two percent of participants had hypertriglyceridemia, 3% had a history of coronary heart disease, 4% a history of diabetes, 6% low HDL-cholesterol concentrations, 12% were obese, 20% had hypertension, 24% had hypercholesterolemia and 36% were smokers. 58% of hypertensive individuals had been previously detected, 46% were currently on treatment, and 21% had their blood pressure controlled (SBP < 160 and DBP < 95 mmHg). Correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to investigate the association between cardiovascular risk factors. Multiple linear regression analysis showed independent correlations between risk factors. Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, obesity and diabetes was higher and prevalence of smoking was lower in hypertensives than normotensives. The odds ratio was 3.68 (95% CI = 2.07-6.54) for hypercholesterolemia, 3.26 (95% CI = 1.52-7.02) for obesity, 3.81 (95% CI = 1.09-7.02) for diabetes and 0.40 (95% CI = 0.22-0.70) for smoking. The adjusted odds ratio was statistically significant for hypercholesterolemia (OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.01-3.75). The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was similar to that observed in other Mediterranean communities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Lipid distribution in the adult population of Catalonia].

BACKGROUND: High concentrations of total and LDL-cholesterol and low concentrations of HDL-cholesterol are related to morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. In this study, lipid concentration, prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and the association between hypercholesterolemia and other cardiovascular risk factors was investigated in a random sample of adult population of Catalonia (Spain). METHODS: A random sample of adult population of Catalonia aged 16 or more years was obtained. The sample was of 314 individuals, 156 men and 158 women. Serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were determined. Other cardiovascular risk factors were investigated: hypertension, smoking, body mass index, history of diabetes, and history of coronary heart disease. RESULTS: Total and LDL-cholesterol levels were similar in both sexes, with a mean of 211 mg/dl for the first 140 mg/dl for the latter. In contrast, triglyceride levels were higher in men (95 mg/dl) than in women (70 mg/dl), and HDL-cholesterol levels were higher in women (60 mg/dl) than in men (51 mg/dl) (p < 0.001). Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides concentration increased with age in both sexes. Total cholesterol values were > or = 240 mg/dl in 25% of men and 24% of women. Individuals with hypercholesterolemia had a higher prevalence of hypertension, obesity and diabetes was than normocholesterolemic individuals. The odds ratio was 3.68 for hypertension, 1.89 for obesity and 1.99 for diabetes. The adjusted odds ratio was statistically significant for hypertension (OR adj. = 2.77). CONCLUSION: The distribution of lipid values observed in the adult population of Catalonia was similar to that observed in other Mediterranean populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Comparative study of human cutaneous sensitivity to 2 and 5 international units of the PPD RT 23 tuberculin with Tween 80].

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to know whether the human reaction to the Mantoux test with 5 UT of PPD RT 23 is similar to that achieved with the same test but with 2 UT of the same substance. METHODS: A simultaneous double Mantoux test was used at doses of 2 UT and another of 5 UT of the same trade mark of tuberculin PPD RT 23 with Tween 80 in 2,575 individuals. The subjects were distributed into two different groups of different ages, taking into consideration the possible presence of BCG vaccination. RESULTS: The doses of 5 UT produced a greater number of tuberculin positive individuals and a greater diameter of induration of reaction than that of the doses of 2 UT in both groups and with significant statistical differences. One hundred ninety-six (7%) subjects were tuberculin positive with 5 UT and negative with 2 UT. CONCLUSIONS: The reactions produced by the Mantoux test with 5 and 5 UT PPD RT were different since the two doses are not bioequivalent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[A change in the epidemiologic pattern of hepatitis A in Spain].

BACKGROUND: Seroepidemiologic studies carried out in different countries show that the prevalence of markers for infection by hepatitis A (HVA) is progressively decreasing in relation with improvement in the level of health care. The prevalence of anti-HVA in Catalunya and the factors related with infection by HVA were studied in order to obtain bases for designing prevention strategies adequate for the epidemiology of this infection. METHODS: Anti-HVA was determined by a method of enzyme immunoassay in a randomized sample of the general population in Catalunya. Investigation of the influence of socio/demographic variables in the prevalence of HVA infection was carried out. RESULTS: The global prevalence of anti-HVA was of 36%. In the population from 6 to 14 years of age it was of 13% and that of those over the age of 15 it was 86%. The prevalence of anti-HVA increases with age and is related with the social level of the families, the level of education and the place of birth. The incidence was higher in children of the lowest social class, in adults with the least education and in those born outside Catalunya. These factors constituted independent risk factors of HVA infection. CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirms the association between HVA infection and socio-economic factors and demonstrates that the infection is not commonly found in infancy, an increase in the number of susceptible adults is foreseeable.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

[The prevalence of tetanus antibodies in the adult population of Catalonia].

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to know the immune state of the adult population of Catalonia (Spain) versus tetanus. METHODS: The prevalence of antitetanic antibodies was determined in a representative sample (n = 604) of this population group (greater than or equal to 15 years). The technique used as that of passive hemagglutination reaction. The field work was carried out during 1989. RESULTS: 37.7% of the males and 15.7% of the females (p less than 0.001) presented titres of protector antibodies (greater than or equal to 0.01 Ul/ml) versus tetanus. The prevalence of antibodies was higher in youths of either sex and progressively descended with age. No statistically significant association was found upon performance of multivariate analysis between the sociodemographic variables (place of birth, level of education, residence, social class) and the prevalence of antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate that antitetanic vaccination currently being undertaken is not sufficient to insure adequate protection during adult life thus potentiating the need for the vaccination of adults in Catalonia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Epidemiology of arterial hypertension in the adult population of Cataluña].

BACKGROUND: The arterial hypertension is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases. In this study the epidemiology of hypertension was investigated in a random sample of the adult population of Catalonia (Spain). METHODS: It was obtained a random sample (n = 704) of the adult population of Catalonia aged 15 or more years. The blood pressure was measured and hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) equal or greater to 160 and/or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) equal or greater to 95 mmHg. The borderline hypertension was defined as a SBP of 140-159 and/or a DBP of 90-95 mmHg. It was studied the association between hypertension and the following cardiovascular risk factors: hypercholesterolemia, obesity, diabetes and smoking. The study was carried out in 1989. RESULTS: The prevalence of hypertension observed was of 20%. The prevalence increased to 28% when the individuals with borderline hypertension were included. 87 of 144 detected hypertensives (58%) were known hypertensives, 67 (46.5%) received antihypertensive medication, and 30 (21%) were treated and had their blood pressures under control. Individuals with hypertension or borderline hypertension had a greater prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, obesity and diabetes, and a lower prevalence of smoking than normotensive persons. The odds ratio (hypertensive vs. normotensive persons) was of 3.68 for hypercholesterolemia, 3.26 for obesity, 3.81 for diabetes, and 0.40 for smoking. Nevertheless, the adjusted odds ratio was only statistically significant for the hypercholesterolemia (OR adj = 2.74). CONCLUSIONS: Arterial hypertension is one of the most important public health problems in Catalonia. The percentage of detected, treated and controlled hypertensives should be increased in the following years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of hepatitis B markers in the population of Catalonia (Spain). Rationale for universal vaccination of adolescents.

The prevalence of hepatitis B markers was determined in a representative sample of the general population of Catalonia (Spain). HBsAg was found in 0.5% of children (less than 15 years of age) and in 1.7% of adults (more than 15 years of age), and anti HBs in 1.6% and 18%, respectively. Age-specific prevalence for both markers showed a low risk for hepatitis B before puberty, and a progressive rise since adolescence, suggesting that perinatal transmission and horizontal transmission in children are relatively uncommon in Spain. Prevalence of hepatitis B markers was significantly higher among subjects with low education level, residing in an urban area and born outside Catalonia, but in the stratified analysis, a statistical significant difference was only maintained in the prevalence of HBV markers between those who live in urban and rural areas, and between those who were born outside Catalonia and in Catalonia. These data may be used as a basis for a strategy of hepatitis B prevention in Spain which include universal vaccination of adolescents, passive-active immunization of newborns to HBsAg positive mothers and vaccination of susceptible adults subjects from high-risk groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Epidemiology of obesity among the adult population of Catalonia].

Several epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is related to the mortality from cardiovascular disease. In this study, the epidemiology of obesity and the correlation between body mass index and other cardiovascular risk factors was studied in a representative sample of the adult population of Catalonia. It was obtained a random sample (n = 704) of the adult population of Catalonia aged 15 or more years. Height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated (height in Kg/weight2 in m2). Obesity was defined as a BMI greater than 30, and overweight as a BMI from 25 to 30. In the first 314 participants, it was determined the concentration of total cholesterol, cholesterol-HDL and triglyceride, and it was measured the blood pressure. The correlation between BMI and other cardiovascular risk factors was analysed. The study was carried out in 1989. The mean of BMI increased with age in both sexes. BMI was significantly higher in men (26 kg/m2) than women (25 kg/m2). The prevalence of obesity was of 12% in both men and women, and the prevalence of overweight was of 48.5% in men and 38% in women. The prevalence of arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes was greater individuals with obesity, with differences statistically significant for hypertension (odds ratio of 3.26). The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the association between obesity and hypertension was not statistically significant (OR adj. = 2.09), when the effect of the other risk factors, the age and sex were controlled.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cost-effectiveness of 23-valent antipneumococcical vaccination in Catalonia (Spain)].

OBJECTIVES: Pneumococcal vaccination is an effective procedure for preventing pneumococcal pneumonia. In this study we evaluate the cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination strategies (23 serotypes) in the population aged 5 years and older in Catalonia. METHODS: Cost-effectiveness was evaluated in terms of cost per year of life gained (YLG) by comparing the net cost of the vaccination program with its effectiveness. The net cost of the vaccination program was calculated by subtracting 70% of the population from the vaccination costs, representing the reduction in health costs due to pneumococcal pneumonia that can ve achieved with vaccination. Vaccination costs were estimated based on a price of 12.41 euros (1,915 ptas.) for pneumococcal vaccine. The costs and benefits of the vaccination program were updated for 1996 by using a discount rate of 5%. RESULTS: A cost-effectiveness ratio of 9,023.27 euros per YLG was achieved for universal vaccination of the population. Cost-effectiveness was 11,3177.12 euros per YLG in individuals aged 5-24 years, 19,482.51 euros per TLG in those aged 25-44 years, 7,122.80 euros per YLG in those aged 45-64 years and less than 0 in those aged 65 years and older. In this group the reduction in cost of the disease was greater than the vaccination costs with a cost-benefit ratio of 1.58. The results of the cost-efecctiveness analysis were sensitive to vaccine costs and efficacy and the percentage of pneumonias caused by pneumococcus but were less sensitive to the costs of pneumococcal pneumonia, the rate of hospital admission among patients with community-acquired pneumonia and vaccine coverage. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that pneumococcal vaccination should be a priority in individuals aged 65 years and older and in those aged 45-64 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The study of cost effectiveness of breast cancer detection in Catalonia].

BACKGROUND: This study has researched the cost-effectiveness of Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Catalonian women in the 50-64 age group. METHODS: The cost-effectiveness ratio was obtained by comparing the costs of a program for 100,000 women with results achieved. The program consisted of a twice yearly mammography on all of the women over a 10 year period. The study assumed a participation level of 70%, detection rate of 0.36%, 92% sensitivity and specificity of 94%. RESULTS: A cost-effectiveness ratio of 1,413.648 pesetas was determined per case of cancer detected. 705,489 per year of extended life and 783,982 per year of extended life adjusted according to quality. Cost-effectiveness of the test in the first year was 842,400 per case of cancer detected. 383,183 per year of extended life and 425,418 per year of extended life adjusted according to quality. CONCLUSION: The results of the study are consistent with those obtained by other evaluations and show that early diagnosis of breast cancer is associated with a favourable cost-effectiveness ratio.

Adult↗