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Biomedical subjects

P Philippe

Publications and source records attributed to P Philippe.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Pediatric nonrhabdomyosarcomas of the extremities. Influence of size, invasiveness, and grade on outcome.

Surgery alone or supplemental radiation is effective in local control in a majority of patients with nonrhabdomyosarcoma of the soft tissue. To determine the factors influencing subsequent survival, a retrospective review of 64 children with nonrhabdomyosarcoma of the soft tissue of the extremities was performed. Using the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, 32 patients had noninvasive T1 lesions, and 31 of these patients survived disease free. Twenty-two patients had lesions that were smaller than 5 cm; 19 of these lesions were grade G1-2. All 22 patients survived. Ten patients had tumors that were 5 cm or larger, and all were G1-2; nine of these patients survived. Thirty-two patients had invasive (T2) lesions; seven of these lesions were smaller than 5 cm, but four were G3. Only one patient survived. Eighteen (72%) of 25 lesions that were 5 cm or larger were G3. Fifteen (83%) of these 18 patients underwent relapse, with 12 patients dying of the disease. Important prognostic factors included G3 lesions, with a 72% (18 of 25 patients) failure rate, and T2 lesions, which were generally larger than 5 cm, of higher grade, and underwent relapse more frequently than T1 lesions. These patients with histologic G3 and T2 lesions may benefit from chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Twinning in susceptible mothers. An exploratory study of international data by Payami's models suggests "reproductive maturity" as a risk factor.

An attempt has been made to apply Payami's models to maternal age-specific twin birth prevalences in several countries. The models disclose the heterogeneity of a cohort and spell out the risks to susceptible members (who will actually get the disease) according to age (or time). Payami's method specifies that the typical cohort of susceptibles is ascribed to two exposures: a potent and generalised exposure and a very low or no risk secondary exposure. The models have been adjusted to international data from current as well as old populations, of Occidental and Japanese origin. Results show that cohorts of twin-prone mothers aged 25 to 45 are homogeneous. A single dominant etiology is suggested which applies to both MZ and DZ twins. Heterogeneity, from 10% to 25%, is present in all countries whenever the 20-24 age group is involved. A separate study of illegitimate twin births from Denmark reduces the heterogeneity and shows that MZ illegitimate twin births are due to a secondary exposure responsible for a distinct twinning etiology. The age-specific risks of a MZ illegitimate twin birth are much higher than those of any comparison group, and are constant until age 35 years. This suggests a single-hit exposure akin to a neuroendocrine stimulus which short-cuts the usual age-dependent etiologic pathway. MZ and DZ twins both experience the same maternal age specific risks, an observation which underscores the common etiology of both types of twins. Risks increase with age from 20 to 45 years. The pattern according to age varies among countries and time periods. Occidental populations have a pattern varying from an exponential to a more linear increase in old and recent populations, respectively. Only present-day Japan displays a logarithmic-like growth curve. The concept of "reproductive maturity" is introduced, and related to the secular trend of the DZ twin birth risk and to its variation across countries. Two new conclusions are drawn: a) The higher the rate of reproductive maturity, the less the DZ twin birth risk and, b) Reproductive maturity determines the maternal age-specific gonadotropin levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Box-Jenkins modeling of chronological series of twin births and single births.

A time-series analysis by Box-Jenkins modeling of the monthly observations of twin births and singleton births was attempted. The study is population based. The single-birth series has been matched to the twin-birth series for maternal birth cohort, parity of the twin birth, and residence of the parents. Three-hundred forty-one twin pairs and 340 singleton births were grouped into chronological series spanning 72 months of observation. Univariate and bivariate time-series analyses were used. Box-Jenkins modeling shows that both series share the same basic demographic and reproductive risk factors, such as ovulation and conception rates, abortions, sexual intercourse, and the less well-known random events that determine the time of delivery. These factors are randomly related to both birth processes but exert a more important influence on twin births. Beyond these crude features, twin- and single-birth series differ by the frequency of their seasonal cycle. Twin births show low-frequency variations because of a rather limited number of factors that impinge markedly on the twinning process. Single births are subjected to higher frequency variations that can be ascribed to a greater number of structuring factors, the action of which is less pervasive. Only the January peak is common to both types of births. Aside from the common features, the bivariate analysis shows that both series of births are independent, neither being related to the other. It is concluded that the subtle structuring of both processes is largely distinct. The large fraction of the unaccounted variation of each birth process (about 70%) suggests that most of the variation is due to as yet unidentified factors. The search for environmental and geocosmic factors at the origin of conception and confinement should be considered in future undertakings.

Birth Order↗
PubMed1990

[Iridociliary melanoma with cataract (iridocyclochoroidectomy followed by extra-capsular extraction with pseudophakia)].

Description of a case of malignant melanoma of iris and ciliary body in a man of 59 years old. Clinically an interesting sign was the mahogany discolouration of the greyish cataract in the quadrant in front of the tumour. The tumour was removed following the technic of H.-S. STALLARD. Eighteen months later an E.C.C.E. was performed and a "Meur" model of implant inserted (optic in the post chamber and haptics in anterior chamber). Visual acuity in 1989 was 6/6 with glasses and a single binocular vision was recovered.

Cataract↗
PubMed1979

Peripheral lymphocytes changes in the anamnestic response to tetanus toxoid challenge.

Few data are available on the blood lymphocyte response to revaccination in man. The anamnestic response to tetanus toxoid challenge was evaluated by a variety of techniques during the first week after revaccination. Out of twenty subjects used, eight were evaluated before and 5 days after the injections (days 1--8). Analytical cell electrophoresis showed important variation in the B and two T lymphocyte populations. The B cell percentages, assessed by EAC-rosettes and electrophoretic mobility, were found to decrease by days 2 and 3, and return to former levels by day 8, when a rise in specific antibodies was detected. A similar response was found in the T1 population generally considered to be composed of low affinity E-rosette-forming cells. Conversely, a significant increase (50--100%) in circulating T2 lymphocytes (active rosette-forming cells) was found by days 2 and 3, followed by a rapid decrease of these 'differenciated' cells. The increase in the T2 lymphocytes appeared earlier in skin test positive subjects. These changes were correlated with E-rosettes, mitogen stimulation, peripheral leucocyte migration inhibition and transformation in the presence of the antigen. EA-IgG rosettes and ADCC varied similarly. These results may indicate a significant non-specific cell mobilization following revaccination.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1978

Familial correlations of longevity: an isolate-based study.

Familial correlations for age at time of death have been computed in a French Canadian isolate. We show that parent-offspring correlations as well as sib correlations are of the same order of magnitude as that between spouses for various age groups at death. It is suggested that heritability of survival is nearly zero. Observed variability in survival is interpreted as the effect of environmental differences acting upon age-dependent genes.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Infant mortality: heredity and environment].

An analysis of familial liability to infant mortality is presented. Heritability estimates for three periods of the demographic evolution of an isolated population (Isle-aux-Coudres, Quebec) are provided. Average heritability is on the order of 27%. This is interpreted as being partly due to sibs common environment and partly to dominance variance effects of genes. The real additive variance of the familial liability might well be nil.

Environment↗
PubMed1976

Effect of family size and mother's longevity.

A prospective study of the mother's longevity and of her completed family size has been conducted on the basis of historical demographic records. We show that 1 to 5 pregnancies is associated with the greatest longevity in weakly inbred women and 11 pregnancies is associated with greatest longevity in more inbred women. Taking into account maternal inbreeding, completely sterile women and those who had a large number of pregnancies have an equal mean longevity. It is suggested that repeated pregnancies produce a cumulative hormonal effect, the distribution of which, following family size, should be bell-shaped.

Consanguinity↗