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Biomedical subjects

P Peller

Publications and source records attributed to P Peller.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

First pass Tc-99m MIBI ventriculography in the assessment of left ventricular diastolic function. A comparison with Doppler echocardiography.

Tc-99m MIBI is used for myocardial imaging and first-pass studies. However, little is known about its utility in the assessment of left ventricular diastolic function. The authors retrospectively compared first pass studies of Tc-99m MIBI at rest with Doppler flow velocity measurements to assess left ventricular diastolic performance. Thirty-nine patients who had both studies performed within 48 hours of each other were evaluated. Three indices of diastolic function were measured by first pass Tc-99m MIBI ventriculography and Doppler echocardiography: 1) Time to peak early diastolic velocity; 2) normalized peak filling rate; and 3) half filling fraction. The results demonstrated a correlation of 0.82 (P < 0.001), 0.82 (P < 0.001), and 0.53 (P = 0.001) for the above indices, respectively. This study indicates that the indices of left ventricular diastolic function by first pass Tc-99m MIBI compare favorably with those derived from Doppler flow velocity measurements in which the diagnostic value has been previously established. Both methods accurately reflect diastolic flow and may facilitate clinical evaluation of diastolic function.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Noncompartmental and compartmental modeling of the kinetics of carbon-11 labeled pyrilamine in the human brain.

The kinetic pattern of a 11C-labeled histamine H1 receptor antagonist, [11C]pyrilamine, was investigated in the human brain by factor analysis of dynamic PET studies. Tissue time activity curves were also processed by compartment model curve fitting preceded by deconvolution analysis. Factor analysis revealed two statistically significant and physiologically meaningful kinetic patterns: one for specific and another for nonspecific binding of the radioligand. From these two factors a compartment model containing two tissue compartments (one for specific binding and another for nonspecific binding and free ligand) was constructed. The two-compartment model was also supported by the impulse response function, which was obtained by deconvolution and showed two components. The factor image constructed from factor two demonstrated a distribution pattern characteristic for brain regions rich (frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes) or poor (occipital lobe and cerebellum) in H1 receptors. Blockade of H1 receptors with unlabeled pyrilamine, diphenhydramine, or hydroxyzine caused a significant reduction of this factor. Blockade produced no significant changes in factor one representing nonspecific binding. We conclude that the kinetics of [11C]pyrilamine in the brain can be described by two tissue compartments, one related to the distribution of the H1 receptors. Factor analysis of dynamic studies can be used to locally separate these two compartments, for identification of regions rich and poor in H1 receptors and for noninvasive quantitative investigation of the effects of H1 receptor blockers such as pyrilamine, diphenhydramine, or hydroxyzine.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Prolonged clearance is the primary abnormal reflux parameter in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis and esophagitis.

The purpose of this study is to determine if frequent reflux events from an incompetent LES or poor clearance from decreased peristalsis is the predominant abnormality in PSS patients with severe reflux esophagitis. Seven patients with both classic manometric findings of PSS and endoscopic findings of esophageal ulcerations and/or Barrett's esophagus were compared to nine patients with similar endoscopic findings but with no evidence of a connective tissue disorder. All patients underwent simultaneous intraesophageal pH monitoring and scintigraphy for a total of 40 min after a radiolabeled meal. Four of the PSS patients and all the non-PSS patients had simultaneous manometry. We found that PSS patients had significantly fewer reflux events (P less than 0.01), but the reflux events had significantly longer duration (P less than 0.01) compared to patients with similar severity of esophagitis and no connective tissue disease. We conclude that decreased smooth muscle peristalsis appears to be the primary contributor to acid exposure and esophageal injury in PSS.

Esophagitis, Peptic↗
PubMed1986

Correlation of antibodies to LAV/HTLV III in hemophiliacs with the use of virus-inactivated clotting factors.

The retrovirus LAV/HTLV III, highly likely to be responsible for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in some recipients of blood products, can be inactivated by chemical and/or heat treatment, so the use of virus-inactivated factor VIII and factor IX preparations for treating hemophilia A and B has become important. We examined hemophilic children and found that those children treated since 1979 with virus-inactivated preparations did not develop antibodies against LAV/HTLV III. In contrast, 77% of patients treated with conventional factor VIII or factor IX preparations had antibodies against this virus.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1985

Active immunization against varicella of children with acute leukaemia or other malignancies on maintenance chemotherapy.

Twenty-six patients with acute leukaemia and other malignancies susceptible to varicella were vaccinated with the Oka-strain live attenuated varicella vaccine during maintenance chemotherapy. All recipients showed no adverse clinical reactions. There was no spread of vaccine virus. Seroconversion was 94% in seronegative patients. Among those having low antibody titres before vaccination, a booster effect was demonstrable in 56%. None of the seroconverted recipients contracted varicella despite documented contact exposure. No case of herpes zoster occurred. The results suggest that, in immunocompromised children, live varicella vaccination has a protective effect against varicella infection which may result in a mortality rate of up to 7% in these patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

[Comparative study of the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus infections in Iran and Germany].

352 persons from Iran and 469 persons from West-Germany were tested for EBV-antibodies using an immunofluorescence assay. In Iran the virus infection starts early in infancy and attains higher antibody values as compared with age related German population. In the age group of 1-5 years 70% of the Iranians are antibody positive in contrast to only 56% of the Germans in the same age group. The high prevalence of EBV-antibodies is due to unfavourable hygienic facilities as well as to regional overpopulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Infections in children with leukaemia or malignant tumour treated with cytostatic agents: long-term study of 200 cases (author's transl)].

All children with leukaemia or malignant tumour receiving cytostatic agents were followed by virological tests over three years. Serological tests or virus isolation in 200 children demonstrated 238 instances of viral infection. Only those of the herpes group led to severe symptoms which, however, responded to treatment. The course of infections induced by respiratory viruses was no different from that in children not receiving immunosuppressive agents. It was possible, by using a "virus risk register", to give early protection to infected children by the appropriate prophylactic means. In addition to the virus infections there were seven cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia which ended fatally in two. Since the prophylactic use of cotrimoxazole there have been no further cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Radiologic findings in newborns with group B streptococcal septicemia: clinical importance of heart size and lung manifestations (author's transl)].

Chest radiographs of thirteen neonates with group B streptococcal septicemia were evaluated for signs of early diagnosis. Six of the neonates had chest radiographs as seen in idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Seven patients had radiologic findings consistent with neonatal pneumonia. The children with RDS were in general smaller and born prematurelly, but three neonates with x-rays resembling RDS had normal birth weights and thus were mature. Cardiomegaly was observed in a high percentage with a prevalence in children with RDS. Heart size increased in two of the three children who died, but became normal in patients recovering from infection. Three patients had pleural effusions.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1979

[A specific IgM test for the diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infections (author's transl)].

IgM antibodies specific for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were measured in 302 patients with high IgG antibody titers to study whether EBV was the cause of disease in children having one or more symptoms of classical infectious mononucleosis. IgM antibodies specific for EBV were found in all patients with the defined clinical picture of infectious mononucleosis. In addition the majority of cases with clinical suspicion of the disease had also specific IgM titers. Besides infectious mononucleosis EBV can also be the cause of other diseases like hepatitis, and lymphadenitis: we found IgM antibodies specific for EBV in 48% of patients with nonbacterial lymphadenitis and in 64% of patients with hepatitis not due to hepatitis A or B virus. In contrast to observations by others we were able to show heterophile antibodies in cases with incomplete features of infectious mononucleosis. IgM antibodies to EBV were found in 4 out of 85 controls only. We conclude that untypical features of infectious mononucleosis can be caused by EBV also. Therefore the determination of specific IgM antibodies to EBV can be helpful in the diagnosis of uncharacteristic EBV infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Distribution of cytomegalovirus in children and adults in the Munich area (author's transl)].

In a regional contamination study 798 healthy persons from the Munich area were examined for cytomegalovirus antibodies. The highest proportion of antibodies (60%) was found in neonates in the first days of life. At the age of 6 to 24 months, only 10% of the children were still seropositive. At this time the maternal antibodies were no longer important. In late adult life, 57% of those examined possessed antibodies against the virus. An attempt was also made to isolate the cytomegalovirus from the urine of 157 healthy persons. This isolation was only possible in three apparently healthy infants aged from 3 to 12 months.

Adolescent↗