Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Patterson

Publications and source records attributed to P Patterson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Human HOX4E: a gene strongly expressed in the adult male and female urogenital tracts.

Homeobox-containing genes (Hox genes) are believed to play a fundamental role in development and positional identity. Four homologous Hox gene complexes are found in humans and mice. Genes at the 3' ends of these complexes tend to be expressed rostrally while those at the 5' end are expressed caudally. Whereas complete open reading frames have been reported for rostrally expressed 3' Hox genes, structural information is lacking for the more 5' genes. Genomic and cDNA clones containing the human HOX4E (also known as human Hox 4.5) gene were isolated. The gene contains two exons and spans about 5 kb of DNA. The N-terminal portion of the HOX4E activation domain contains several consensus sequence elements also found in other mammalian AbdB family genes. Further downstream, however, HOX4E contains a novel 37-amino-acid stretch containing 30% acidic residues. Northern blot analysis of HOX4E expression in adult tissues showed a major human transcript of 1.8 kb, the expression of which was largely limited to tissues of the male and female urogenital tracts. Expression was particularly strong in the uterus. This suggests that aside from its effects during embryogenesis, the HOX4E gene may play a continuing role in adult genitourinary tract function.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effects of physical stress on complete blood count and venous blood gas profile of individuals with sickle cell trait.

The association between sickle cell trait (SCT) and adverse effects of exercise has been controversial. While individuals with SCT are at higher risk of sudden death, the mechanism for this outcome remains to be elucidated. In order to shed light on this controversy, we have monitored venous blood count and blood gas parameter values in normal and SCT subjects during treadmill exercise. White and red blood cell counts and hemoglobin changed significantly over time in both the SCT and normal groups, with peak exercise values different from pre-exercise or post-exercise values. Red blood cell counts showed significant group-time interaction; increase in count during exercise was accentuated in SCT subjects. All blood gas parameters showed significant changes over time in both groups. O2 content was significantly higher in SCT than AA at all time intervals. O2 saturation, pO2 and CO binding to hemoglobin showed significant group-time interaction. Furthermore, O2 saturation for the combined groups was significantly greater at peak exercise and at rest than before exercise. It is possible that treadmill exercise causes microvascular shunting in SCT subjects, leading to a decrease in the peripheral utilization of oxygen.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Computers and nurses.

This paper will consider some of the reasons why nurses must become computer literate and be both aware of, and able to use, information technology. There are advantages for nurses in professional standing, research opportunities and assistance with management problems. Without nursing involvement the use of computers will be imposed on nurses, and it is possible that such an imposition could limit nursing autonomy, exclude nurses from decision making and increase the nurse's workload without benefit. There is a rapid expansion of information and its electronic storage and processing. Are we as nurses aware of the implications of this? Do we really want to know about it? And are we ready to cope with the changes it could make in the way we practice? These are essential questions for curriculum planners now.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1992

A validation of a physical activity monitor for young and older adults.

The accuracy of the Caltrac accelerometer was studied in 28 young (26.1 +/- 1.1 yrs) and 28 older (64.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; M +/- SEM) men and women to determine its usefulness as an activity monitor for young and older adults. Oxygen uptake was measured by indirect calorimetry while subjects walked on a motorized treadmill at six different speeds while wearing an accelerometer on the hip and on the upper back. The test-retest reliability of the Caltrac was r = .95 and r = .98 for young and older subjects, respectively. In the young group, activity counts correlated highly to net caloric expenditure (absolute minus estimated resting expenditure) (hip vs. kcal/kg: r = .89; back vs. kcal/kg: r = .88) when averaged across speeds, but the relationship was only moderate (back: r = .51; hip: r = .46) when the influence of speed was removed. In the older group the correlations were considerably weaker (back: r = .73; hip: r = .25), and essentially zero when the influence of speed was removed. These data indicate that the Caltrac is a highly reliable accelerometer that is useful for assessing qualitative differences in the level of physical activity among groups, but it lacks accuracy in quantifying energy expenditure in individuals, especially in older adults.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of reliability estimation using trials-to-criterion and sequential probability ratio testing.

The purpose of this study was to compare estimates of test reliability obtained from two sequential testing plans--trials-to-criterion (TTC) and sequential probability ratio (SPR) testing--when reliability is defined as the consistency of classification. Data from a golf chip test given to 110 beginning golf students (n = 80 males; n = 30 females) at the University of Wisconsin were used for analysis. Test specifications for the SPR test were alpha = beta = .05, theta 0 = .70, and theta 1 = .50. Two mastery levels for the TTC test were examined, .70 and .60, with success criteria ranging from R = 6 to R = 12. For each sequential testing plan, both P and kappa were calculated to estimate reliability. Results for the total group and for gender indicated that reliability was higher with the SPR test when the mastery level was .70, while reliability was similar under both plans at a mastery level of .60. Median test lengths for the group were 21 for the SPR test and an average of 12 across all R values for the TTC test. Misclassification error rates for the TTC test, however, were substantially higher than under the SPR test, particularly for false nonmaster errors. These data suggest that SPR testing would be the preferred approach when misclassification errors are of primary importance, such as to determine minimal competency for certification. However, TTC testing is a viable alternative for classroom tests because of ease of administration and shorter test length.

Educational Measurement↗
PubMed1989

The effect of low impact dance training on aerobic capacity, submaximal heart rates and body composition of college-aged females.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 12 week program of low impact aerobic dance conditioning on VO2max, submaximal heart rates and body composition of college-aged women. Sixteen women exercised three times per week for approximately 45 minutes per session at 75-85% of their heart rate reserve. VO2max was measured by indirect calorimetry using a treadmill protocol. Submaximal heart rates were measured by electrocardiography, and body fat was assessed by hydrostatic weight. All testing was conducted within one week pre- and posttraining. Training sessions consisted of a 5-10 minute warm up, 30-35 minute low impact aerobic dance segment and a 5 minute cool down. Posttest results revealed a small (7%), but significant increase in VO2max (pre: 38.3 ml/kg/min; post: 41.3 ml/kg/min, X +/- SD, p less than 0.05). Submaximal heart rates at minutes 2-3, 3-4 and 4-5 of the graded exercise test decreased significantly. Body fat decreased from 25 +/- 6.8% to 21 +/- 6.3% (p less than 0.01) with no posttraining change in body weight. It was concluded that low impact aerobic dance is as effective as other endurance training regimens in improving cardiovascular fitness and decreasing body fat.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

The tethered spinal cord: an overview.

The growing child with a tethered spinal cord experiences serious neurological deficits as a result of traction on the conus medullaris. Children with tethered cords most commonly present with pain in the lower back, with motor or sensory loss in the lower limbs, with bowel or bladder dysfunction, or with scoliosis. Often, the neurological basis of these symptoms is overlooked. Surgical release of tethering arrests neurological deterioration. Without surgical intervention symptoms will progressively worsen and may become irreversible. Preoperatively the nurse must prepare the child and his family for neurological investigations and for surgery. Postoperatively the nurse must be skilled in assessing spinal cord function, providing pain management, and assisting in ambulation. This presentation will review the pathophysiology of the tethered spinal cord, the preparation of the school-aged child for surgery, and the postoperative nursing care of the pediatric laminectomy patient.

Child↗