Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Patel

Publications and source records attributed to P Patel.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Cellular adaptations of the ventilatory muscles to a chronic increased respiratory load.

It is not known whether cellular adaptations of the ventilatory muscles are induced by increased respiratory loads. A chronic respiratory load was produced in rats by tracheal banding. Five weeks after the imposition of this increased load, biochemical and histochemical analyses were performed on the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. The oxidative capacity, as indicated by succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, increased 38% in the diaphragm. The capacity for beta-oxidation fatty acids, as indicated by 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH) activity, increased 29%. The glycolytic capacity, as indicated by phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity, did not change. Similar enzymatic adaptations were observed in the intercostal muscles. The proportion of slow-twitch muscle fibers, as indicated by the myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) stain, increased in the diaphragm, but not in the intercostal muscles. Thus, these ventilatory muscles responded with an increase in their oxidative capacity, and the diaphragm reponded with an increase in the proportion of muscle fibers having the myofibriller ATPase staining characteristic of slow-twich fibers. We conclude that cellular adaptations are induced in the ventilatory muscles by chronic increased respiratory loads.

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1977

Presence of Epstein-Barr virus receptors, but absence of virus penetration, in cells of an Epstein-Barr virus genome-negative human lymphoblastoid T line (Molt 4).

This paper reports a unique type of interaction of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with an EBV receptor-positive, genome-negative human lymphoid T cell line (Molt 4), which can be summarized as follows. Although Molt 4 cells express receptors for EBV, they appear to block the penetration of this virus. These observations are derived from combined studies with immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. It is possible that T cell lines bearing receptors for EBV may express such a control on virus penetration.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1976

Pulsatile changes of electrical impedance in the lower limb.

The ratio of the pulsatile and the mean value of the volume of blood flowing through the calves of normal subjects with each heart beat was calculated from electrical impedance changes during venous occlusion plethysmography. Measurements made concurrently by proven Doppler ultrasound techniques did not correlate with ratios derived from the impedance measurements. The pulsatile change in electrical impedance in the limbs appears to be due more to changes of resistance in the blood than to pulsatile changes in the volume of the limb.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A simple field test for identification of night-blindness.

A simple and replicable field test to measure dark adaptation time has been developed. It required a darkened room with a 5 watt bulb covered with a piece of black cloth, a spherical white object of 22 cm diameter suspended vertically from a horizontal string, a stool, a black curtain, a Maxwell electronic photographic flash unit and a stop-watch. The spherical object behind the closed curtain was hung 1.5 m away from the subject either to his left or right, or in the centre of the room. The seated subject was then exposed to 3 consecutive flashes, the curtain drawn, and the time taken to identify the position of the object was noted on the stop-watch. The test was conducted for 3 consecutive days on non-night blind young adult girls (n = 46) of the high income group (PC); underprivileged school-age children (n = 44) with a positive history of night-blindness (NB), and their age/sex pair-matched (n = 44) non-night-blind controls (NNB). The NB group had a significantly higher mean dark adaptation time as compared to the NNB and PC groups (14.9 sec vs 11.9 and 11.3 sec respectively). The mean serum vitamin A levels of NB, NNB and PC groups (15.8, 17.5 and 29.5 micrograms/dl respectively) were correlated with the dark adaptation times.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of side-posture positioning and side-posture adjusting on the lumbar zygapophysial joints as evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging: a before and after study with randomization.

OBJECTIVE: To test the a priori hypothesis that one of the positive mechanisms of action of chiropractic side-posture manipulation (adjusting) of the lumbar spine is to separate, or gap, the zygapophysial (Z) joints. DESIGN: Before and after study with randomization. SETTING: Chiropractic college clinic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) facility. PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen healthy student volunteers (8 men and 8 women) ages 22 to 29 years with no history of significant low back pain. Nineteen volunteers were screened, with 3 disqualified from the study. Subjects were randomized into 4 groups, each with 2 men and 2 women. INTERVENTIONS: Lumbar side-posture spinal adjusting (manipulation) and side-posture positioning. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of anterior to posterior measurements of the Z joints from MRI scans taken before and after side-posture spinal adjusting and before and after side-posture positioning, and a rigorous subjective evaluation protocol of the Z joints by 3 radiologists blinded to the randomized groups. MAIN RESULTS: Observers making measurements were blinded to what group subjects were placed in and whether they were measuring first or second scans; radiologists were blinded to what group subjects were assigned. Differences were found between the groups. Those receiving side-posture spinal adjusting and remaining in side posture showed the greatest increase in gapping (0.7 mm vs 0.0 mm for controls). CONCLUSIONS: Lumbar side-posture spinal adjusting produced increased separation (gapping) of the zygapophysial joints. Side-posture positioning also produced gapping, but less than that seen with lumbar side-posture adjusting. A larger clinical trial should be performed to further define the results of this study.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of prazosin and phenoxybenzamine on alpha- and beta-receptor-mediated responses in intestinal resistance and capacitance vessels.

Previous studies have suggested that prazosin is a selective post-synaptic alpha-receptor blocker. It has also been suggested that it may have greater blocking actions on arterioles than on venous beds. These aspects have been investigated in cats anesthetized with pentobarbital. Prazosin had no effect on conductance in the acutely denervated hindlimb bed but caused a slowly developing vasoconstriction in the acutely denervated intestinal bed. The vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation were reduced to a similar extent in both vascular beds. Since maximal doses of prazosin produce only partial block of the alpha-receptor responses, there may be more than one type of postsynaptic alpha-receptor, and it is suggested that the postsynaptic receptors are of both alpha 1- and alpha 2-types. In the intestinal bed, prazosin produced similar reductions in both resistance and capacitance responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation. In isolated guinea pig aorta and portal vein, prazosin blocked the responses to noradrenaline competitively, and the pA3 values for the aorta and portal vein were similar. Thus, no selectivity for resistance vessels compared to capacitance vessels could be demonstrated in the intestine, and this result is compared to our previous observations in the liver. Although prazosin only reduced the vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation in the intestine, phenoxybenzamine reversed the response to a beta-receptor-mediated vasodilatation, as reported some years ago. These observations support our earlier hypothesis that nerve stimulation does not normally activate beta-receptors, but after phenoxybenzamine, the increased release of noradrenaline combined with alpha-receptor blockade results in a beta-receptor-mediated vasodilatation in the intestinal bed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Budesonide aqueous nasal spray and pressurized metered dose inhaler in the treatment of adult patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Budesonide, a topical corticosteroid used in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, can be administered to the nose as an aerosol via a pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) or as a metered nasal pump spray. Studies have shown that about 64% (256 micrograms) of a nominal dose of 400 micrograms budesonide pMDI preparation is delivered to the patient compared with 100% of the nominal dose of the pump spray. The present study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of budesonide delivered via a nasal pMDI twice daily (Rhinocort pMDI, at 400 micrograms/day) with an aqueous suspension of budesonide delivered via a metered nasal pump spray once daily (Rhinocort Aqua, at 256 micrograms/day or 400 micrograms/day). The multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted in 318 patients (154 men, 164 women; aged 12-67 years) with ragweed-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis. A 1-week baseline period was followed by a 3-week treatment. Nasal symptoms were recorded by the patients, adverse events were noted, an overall evaluation of treatment efficacy was made, and urine cortisol and creatinine levels were measured. Substantial or total control of symptoms was achieved in 83.8% of patients treated with 256 micrograms of aqueous budesonide, 76.3% with 400 micrograms of aqueous budesonide, and 80.8% with 400 micrograms of budesonide pMDI; these were all significantly different (p < 0.001) compared with placebo (23.4% of patients). There were no significant differences in the 24-hour urine cortisol levels between the groups and there were few, infrequent adverse events, similar between the groups and resolved completely on discontinuation of treatment. It was concluded that budesonide, given once daily as 256 micrograms or 400 micrograms in an aqueous suspension or twice daily as 400 micrograms in a pMDI provides good alleviation of the symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis with no significant risk of suppression of urine cortisol.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pre-operational health status of a rural community living around the Kakrapar Atomic Power Station.

Pre-operational health survey was conducted around Kakrapar Atomic Power Station (KAPS) during 1991-92, just one year before the first Unit of KAPS commenced operation on September 3, 1992. Total seventeen villages were selected around KAPS, which were divided into four clusters. Total population was 14,976, of which 7540 were male and 7436 were female. Door to door 100% survey was conducted with the help of Medical doctor. Health survey was conducted specially to find out the prevalence of radiation related diseases such as congenital deformity, mental retardation, cataract, goiter (grade II & IV), reproductive disorders, and cancer, besides study of morbidity pattern and age and sex specific deaths. Results revealed that prevalent diseases pattern fell well within the range of natural incidences of diseases of rural population.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hysteroscopy: an analysis of 2-years' experience.

BACKGROUND: Over the years, hysteroscopy has been increasingly performed for various gynecological disorders. In this study, we present a review of hysteroscopic procedures performed over a 2-year period analyzing the complications associated with it. METHODS: Seven hundred twenty-six hysteroscopic procedures performed at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Kiel over a period of 2 years were reviewed retrospectively using the GynReg database in the department. Indications, intraoperative diagnoses, and complications were particularly highlighted. RESULTS: The most common indications for the procedure were abnormal vaginal bleeding, endometrial ablation, polypectomy, and myomectomy. The most common findings were uterine polyps, submucous myoma, and hyperplastic endometrium. The complication rate was 1.65% of total hysteroscopies. False passage and uterine perforation were the most common acute complications. No late complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Correlating our data with that found elsewhere, we find hysteroscopy to be a safe, minimally invasive procedure with a very low rate of complications.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Upper respiratory tract is the major site of antibody production in mycoplasmal induced chronic respiratory disease.

Chronic respiratory disease in rats, resulting from Mycoplasma pulmonis infection, provides a unique opportunity to study the interactions between systemic and mucosal immune systems in a naturally occurring infection of the respiratory tract. In the present studies, an ELISPOT assay specific for the determination of numbers of anti-M, pulmonis antibody forming cells (AFC) was developed. Using this assay, the numbers of IgG, IgM, and IgA AFC in respiratory and nonrespiratory associated lymphoid tissues were determined. The lymphoid tissues associated with the upper respiratory tract, which includes nasal passages and lymph nodes which drain various portions of the upper respiratory tract, were the major site of antibody production. Antibody responses within the lung were minimal. IgM and IgA were the major antibody isotypes produced in each of the tissues examined.

Animals↗