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Biomedical subjects

P Passa

Publications and source records attributed to P Passa.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Effect of long-term administration of clonidine on growth hormone secretion in hypertensive diabetics].

The anti-hypertensive effect of clonidine is closely related to its central alpha-agonist action. In acute administration, the drug provokes a significant increase in the plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH). In chronic administration, the effects of clonidine on GH secretion are not well documented. Clonidine was administered at a daily dose of 0,15 to 0,30 mg to 10 non-obese diabetic hypertensive male subjects for at least 3 months. Blood glucose and GH plasma concentrations were determined 15 times during the 24-hour cycle. Blood glucose and GH values recorded before the intake and after stopping the drug, in the basal state, after meals, after measured muscular exercise and during the first stage of sleep could be superimposed when on and off clonidine. The effects of prolonged administration of clonidine on GH secretion thus differ markedly from the effects of acute administration as in non diabetic subjects. The long-term use of clonidine does not induce a chronic increase of GH plasma concentrations which might worsen the evolution of the diabetic microangiopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Increased adhesion of erythrocytes to endothelial cells in diabetes mellitus and its relation to vascular complications.

We studied the adhesion of erythrocytes from 30 diabetic patients and 25 controls to human endothelial cells. Washed erythrocytes were labeled with 51Cr and added to confluent endothelial cells cultured from umbilical veins. After incubation at 37 degrees C, the nonadherent erythrocytes were removed by sequential washings. The percentage of erythrocytes adhering to cultured endothelium after each wash was significantly higher when erythrocytes were from diabetics than when they were from controls (P less than 0.005). After the fifth wash, the mean adhesion ratio (percentage of adhering diabetic red cells: percentage of adhering control red cells) was 2.33 (range, 0.8 to 5.2). Increased adhesion was related to the extent of vascular complications in the diabetics, as assessed by a vascular score. With the same technique, fewer erythrocytes adhered to plastic and to cultured human fibroblasts than to endothelial cells, although the adhesion of the diabetic red cells to these surfaces was higher than that of the controls. These results suggest that in diabetes there is an intrinsic erythrocyte abnormality that is related to vascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Long-term results of surgical hypophysectomy for diabetic retinopathy (author's transl)].

Between 1969 and 1974, ten insulin-dependent diabetic patients underwent surgical hypophysectomy for rapidly progressive proliferative retinopathy endangering sight. Six to 11 years later, the 7 patients who survived had useful visual acuity and were leading a normal life. The long-term results of hypophysectomy on the eye could be observed in this series of patients with exceptionally long follow up: oedema had subsided, haemorrhagic exsudates and newly formed retinal vessels had disappeared, and the retinal had become hypovascular. However, argon laser photocoagulation has now considerably reduced the indications of surgical hypophysectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

An immunofluorescence study of the skin in diabetes mellitus.

The clinically normal skin of the lower back of 30 patients with diabetes mellitus was examined, using the direct immunofluorescence technique. No deposit of immunoglobulins or complement (C3) could be demonstrated, while other authors have previously reported lupus-like deposits in diabetes mellitus. As other discrepant studies of skin immunofluorescence have been published, it is suggested that the standards of the various immunopathology laboratories are different. This may explain why the actual value of the lupus band test remains controversial.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Von Willebrand factor, diabetes mellitus and retinopathy.

Von Willebrand factor (VIII: vWf) is a glycoprotein which is essential for normal platelet adhesion to vascular subendothelium, particularly at the high shear rates encountered in small blood vessels. VIII: vWf is distributed in plasma, platelets and subendothelium, though the contributions of each pool to normal hemostasis is unknown. Raised plasma of VIII: vWf have been frequently described in association with diabetes, the highest concentrations being found in patients with retinopathy. In addition, concentrations of VIII: vWf appear to be influenced by the degree of metabolic control of the diabetics, particularly high levels being found during diabetic coma. Plasmatic concentrations of VIII: vWf greater than normal have not been shown to result in increased platelet adhesion or aggregation, so that is seems unlikely that the high levels of plasmatic VIII: vWf contribute directly to the pathogensis of retinopathy. On the other hand, increases in VIII: vWF during episodes of poor metabolic control could be evidence of reversible injury to the vascular endothelium, whereas stable, high concentrations may indicate the presence of microangiopathy.

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed1981

Rapid identification of diabetic patients with essential hypertension sensitive to acebutolol.

The antihypertensive effect of 2,000 mg of acebutolol investigated with an acute 48 hr test in 60 diabetic and 60 non-diabetic in-patients with essential hypertension. In hypertensive diabetic patients, acebutolol was induced a significant fall in blood pressure similar to that observed in non-diabetics. The acute antihypertensive effect of acebutolol was not uniform in hypertensive subjects: a significant decrease of blood pressure was observed in 34 diabetics and 31 non-diabetic patients. Fifteen out of the 34 diabetic responders to the 48 hr test were treated by acebutolol alone for six months; a highly significant correlation between the acute and the chronic antihypertensive effect of the beta-blocker was observed. As long-term results paralleled those of the short-term experiment, acute acebutolol administration appears to be a rapid means to select hypertensive diabetics sensitive or resistant to betablockers. Plasma renin activity was not found to give, in hypertensive diabetics, a reliable predictive index of the response to acute administration of acebutolol.

Acebutolol↗
PubMed1980

[Treatment of arterial hypertension in diabetics].

Hypertension occurs frequently in diabetics. In these patients anti-hypertensive treatment is difficult and still imperfectly resolved. The drugs used to treat hypertensive diabetics are the same as those for the non-diabetics, but their side effects are more important in patients with diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. When hypertension is discovered in a diabetic, the addition of further dietary constraints and drugs often limits compliance with therapy. Diuretics increase orthostatic hypotension which is frequent in diabetics. Their deleterious effects on carbohydrate, lipid and uric acid metabolism are not clearly defined in these patients already at high risk. In diabetics liable to hypoglycaemic attacks, cardioselective beta-blockers are safer to use than non-selective beta blockers. They have considerably improved control of blood pressure, but are not effective in all cases. In addition, their effects on lipoproteins and carbohydrate metabolism require further study. The centrally acting anti-hypertensives and the vasodilators produce side effects which are particularly frequent and undesirable in the diabetic. They are usually used in combination at low dose when the control of blood pressure is not achieved with the use of diuretics and/or beta-blockers. Over the past few years, information concerning the use of the different anti-hypertensive agents in diabetes has accumulated with a resulting improvement in blood pressure control. Normalization of blood pressure is a goal not always reached but necessary if cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, the main problem in diabetics, are to be reduced.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗