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Biomedical subjects

P P Lillis

Publications and source records attributed to P P Lillis.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

The role of nursing administrators in empowering scholarly productivity among clinicians.

The authors discuss strategies nursing administrators can use to promote scholarly productivity among their nursing staff. By incorporating mentoring, promoting collegial teams, involving nurses in the development of goals for scholarly activity, promoting professionalism, and modifying assignments to ensure time for research and writing, nurse executives can significantly enhance scholarly productivity in their professional nursing staff.

Efficiency, Organizational↗
PubMed1997

Social support: a conceptual analysis.

Using the methodology of Walker and Avant, the purpose of this paper was to identify the most frequently used theoretical and operational definitions of social support. A positive relationship between social support and health is generally accepted in the literature. However, the set of dimensions used to define social support is inconsistent. In addition, few measurement tools have established reliability and validity. Findings from this conceptual analysis suggested four of the most frequently used defining attributes of social support: emotional, instrumental, informational, and appraisal. Social network, social embeddedness, and social climate were identified as antecedents of social support. Social support consequences were subsumed under the general rubric of positive health states. Examples were personal competence, health maintenance behaviours, effective coping behaviours, perceived control, sense of stability, recognition of self-worth, positive affect, psychological well-being, and decreased anxiety and depression. Recommendations for future research were made.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The use of distraction and imagery with children during painful procedures.

The effectiveness of a pediatric pain management program was examined using a multiple case study design. This study examined both the children's pain experience during cancer treatment, as well as their parents' anxiety and behavioral stress. Fourteen children were videotaped while receiving lumbar punctures during an 8-12 month period. Baseline data were obtained at the first of three visits prior to the introduction of relaxation, imagery, and distraction exercises. Self-ratings of child fear and parent anxiety, videotaped observations of child and parent behavior, and child pain ratings were obtained at all three visits. The children's behavioral responses to the procedure varied considerably, but their fear scores were stable and their reports of pain decreased over time. Parents reported high-trait, low-state anxiety scores that were stable over time. They were observed to be very supportive during the procedures. Implications for further research in this area and recommendations for practice are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A descriptive analysis of the pediatric pain management research.

A meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the overall effect as well as scope of pediatric pain management research. The findings of this meta-analysis as related to effect size and methodologic characteristics are reported elsewhere. In describing the scope, the authors found that the majority of pediatric pain management research focused on the preparation of relatively well children for acute pain experiences of short duration. The interventions reported consisted of strategies that attempted to increase the cognitive, affective, and/or biophysical skills of the child experiencing pain. Behavioral, self-report, and physiologic measures were used to ascertain children's response to the painful experience.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Children's medical fears, coping behaviors, and pain perceptions during a lumbar puncture.

This study explored the relationships among medical fears, coping behaviors, and acute pain perceptions in 17 children with cancer who were encountering a painful medical procedure. The children completed the Child Medical Fear Scale (CMFS) before undergoing a lumbar puncture (LP), which was videotaped. The children's coping behaviors during the procedure were rated independently and classified as active or passive behaviors. Immediately following the LP, the children, using a pictorial scale, reported their pain perceptions. Most of the children's scores on the CMFS indicated a moderately low level of fear of medical experiences. A majority of the children perceived a great deal of pain during the LP. During the five phases of the painful medical procedure, more than half of the children exhibited a combination of active and passive behaviors. No significant differences were found between exhibited active or passive coping behaviors and reported medical fear levels; however, children who exhibited passive coping behaviors reported more pain than those who demonstrated active coping behaviors. Implications for practice relate to the need for continual preparation and support of children during a painful procedure.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pain interventions with children: a meta-analysis of research.

A meta-analysis of 27 studies on pain management interventions with children was conducted using two decades of research reported in five disciplines. One-fifth of these studies were in the nursing literature and 78% were published since 1979. Two complementary methods of calculating the effectiveness of pain management interventions were used for each of three outcome categories. Fisher's Combined test procedure was used to combine the results of the independent studies, to determine if a significant relationship existed between pain management programs and children's response. An overall effect size (r) was also calculated. Significant relationships of small magnitude were found between pain management interventions and child's response for behavioral (r = .41, chi 2 = 181.97, p less than .0001), self-report (r = .34, chi 2 = 122.06, p less than .0001), and physiologic (r = .30, chi 2 = 88.29, p less than .0001) measures.

Child↗