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Biomedical subjects

P Oswald

Publications and source records attributed to P Oswald.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The influence of postoperative vessel occlusion on the viability of free microvascular skin-fat flaps and island flaps in rats.

Using a method of vascular pedicle ligation without skin incision, some minor differences were found between the progress of neovascularization in microvascular free skin-fat flaps and island flaps, both with and without 1-hr ischemia in rats. Viable flap areas were established following vascular pedicle ligation (both vessels or only artery or vein), on the third day after flap replantation in both island and free flaps. Vascular pedicle occlusion on the fifth day after operation resulted in complete survival of free flaps only. Island flaps survived completely following vascular pedicle ligation on the seventh postoperative day. A clear correlation existed between the timing of vascular pedicle ligation and the necrosis and shrinkage rates. In free flaps, clinical signs of viability disturbances were seen earlier in single or total vascular pedicle occlusions, on the third or fourth day compared with island flaps. Insufficiency of the pedicle vein in island or free flaps was tolerated earlier than arterial or total pedicle occlusion. Venous occlusion three days after flap replantation caused significantly higher necrosis and shrinkage rates (p less than 0.05) in free flaps than in island flaps.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Customized adjustable orthoses: their use in spasticity.

Spastic contractures are a common problem which frequently requires the use of splinting or casting. Customized adjustable orthoses can reduce contractures without the problems often associated with these procedures. These devices reduced contractures in a head-injured patient's severely spastic wrist and ankles. As a wrist contracture decreased, the patient increasingly used her arm and hand for feeding, grooming, and leisure activities. The plastic orthoses, molded to the individual limb, incorporate Klenzak or Lehrman fracture brace joints. Custom fit positions spastic limbs and promotes improved range of motion. Small brace joint adjustments are done at intervals to promote slow stretch of spastic limbs; since the device remains on during the adjustment, there is no loss of range of motion. The device may be removed for skin monitoring. The patient maintains joint range, as the orthosis becomes a permanent part of the home program. High cost of the device is potentially offset by the advantages of decreased skin morbidity, reduced therapist time in making adjustment, and maintenance of gains in range of motion. Such orthoses also have been used for elbow contractures.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[What is the value of emergency cranial radiography in craniofacial injuries?].

To evaluate the possible overuse of skull films, 344 patients were studied retrospectively and 252 were sent a questionnaire. During the 12 month study, 47 skull fractures were detected in 596 patients who had skull roentgenograms because of head trauma. 42 patients had intracranial sequellae but no skull fracture. The presence of a skull fracture usually has no bearing on management and may give the physician an unwarranted feeling of security. Reasons for unnecessary examinations include medicolegal considerations, inadequate history provided to the radiologist and insufficient physical examination. If neurologic signs are present, computed tomography is the first choice procedure.

Craniocerebral Trauma↗
PubMed1982

Increased susceptibility of the heart to arrhythmia in response to QT-prolongation associated with unhomogeneous repolarization: further data concerning the pathomechanism of arrhythmias associated with long QT-syndrome.

The pathomechanism of arrhythmias consecutive to a prolonged electrical systole --the long QT syndrome--was studied by local hypothermia in the heart. Local increase in the QT-interval (long QT with unhomogeneous repolarisation) was induced at a circumscribed area of the right ventricle by perfusion of the mid- and end-sections of the right coronary with cooled blood. The effect of local prolongation of QT on the arrhythmic susceptibility of the heart was studied by means of programmed electrical stimulation. Induced local hypothermia of the heart was found to increase the QT-interval of the ECG-tracings, also if QT had been corrected for heart rate. The local ECG tracings showed a considerable increase of the QT-interval at the selected right ventricular area under the effect of induced hypothermia but in relation to QT (ERP/QT) it diminished. The long QT in association with an unhomogeneous repolarization went hand in hand with an increased irritability of the heart. Early ventricular impulses were found to elicit extrasystolic runs, ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. The results indicate that the cause of tachyarrhythmias consecutive to the long QT-syndrome may be ascribed to the inhomogeneity of repolarization on the one hand, and to the shortness of ERP in relation to the QT-duration on the other.

Animals↗