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Biomedical subjects

P Osváth

Publications and source records attributed to P Osváth.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Urinary steroid measurements in some endocrine and psychiatric diseases.

In 1990, the worldwide accepted Shackleton method, which provides a possibility of determining the steroid metabolites from urine, was adopted in our laboratory. The procedure is very useful in the diagnosis of different endocrine diseases and in the recognition of dysfunction or absence of enzymes with an important role in steroid metabolism, and it gives possibility to control the treatment in patients with these diseases. Besides the proximate clinical application, the method gives a convenient tool to study the steroid background of these disorders, helping us understand the mechanism of their development. In the last few years, we have examined the steroid profile of patients with hair (androgen alopecia /AA/, effluvium /E/), psychiatric problems (major depression /MD/, eating disorders /EDS/, especially anorexia nervosa and bulimia) and osteoporosis (OP). In all of the examined hair loss diseases, the levels of main androgen metabolites were increased, and elevated 5alpha-reductase activity were found. We could observe the alteration of the activity of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) enzyme and marked gender differences in the changes of the steroid metabolism in patients with major depression (MD). In women with OP, the significantly decreased level of certain metabolites points to the role of testosterone, androstenedione and DHEA in postmenopausal bone loss in women. Our experiences contribute to the knowledge of the nature and steroid background of some endocrine and psychiatric diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Sexual dysfunction among patients treated with antidepressants--a Hungarian retrospective study.

The authors have investigated the incidence and several aspects of sexual problems in Hungarian outpatients (N = 637) treated by antidepressive medication. In this multicentre epidemiological survey the sexual dysfunctions (SD) was assessed by psychiatrists using structured interviews. Seventy-eight of the sample has sexual problems, more than half of them mentioned SD after starting antidepressive medication. Comparing various groups of antidepressants, patients taking a RIMA compound reported the occurrence of SD not so often as in TCA or SSRI groups, where the rate of SD was very high. Authors pointed out that physicians have to pay special attention to this problem in everyday clinical practice, since the recognition and treatment of sexual dysfunction is critical for the patient's satisfaction, medication compliance and the quality of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Suicidal behavior in the elderly. Review of results at the Pécs Center of the WHO/EURO Multicenter Study on Suicide].

The authors examined the characteristics of old suicide attempters (over 65 years) with special regard to organic and depressive disorders and sociodemographic features. Within the framework of the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide data of 849 suicide attempts were collected during three years. Comparing old age group (n = 54) to younger suicide attempters (n = 795) were found that over 65 years the proportion of female was much higher, repeaters rate was lower. In aged group were more widowed persons, while was not substantial difference in the rate of living alone. Regarding methods of parasuicide there were fewer poisoning (but higher rate of sedatohipnotics intoxication), while hard methods were more frequent. Over 65 years the proportion of depression, and organic disorders was higher. It seems that, in spite of the fact, that many old parasuicidal patients have depressive symptoms, they could get treatment only for symptoms of anxiety and sleep disturbance, while the affective problems remain undiagnosed and untreated. Another important factor, that high proportion of elderly sample was living in the family, with other relatives or in nursing home. In spite of this most of cases family members or caretakers in nursing home could not recognise the psychic problems and could not give sufficient emotional or social support to the patients to prevent suicide attempt. Authors pointed out, that the recognition and treatment of depression plays very important role in the suicide prevention in elderly population, and the adequate emotional and psychosocial support by family and health care systems seems to be essential.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Physical illness and suicidal behavior. Review of results at the Pécs Center of the WHO/EURO Multicenter Study of Parasuicide].

The authors examined the relation of physical illness, suicidal behaviour and help-seeking patterns among suicide attempters within the framework of the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide. Until now 700 monitored suicidal events have been collected; 101 structured interviews and 50 follow-up cases have been conducted in this three years period. Physical and mental problems proved to be very frequent among suicide attempters and many of them took somatic and psychiatric drugs. It was shown that patients with acute or chronic physical and mental illness more often had been in contact with GPs. Authors pointed out that in addition to mental problems the somatic diseases are significant risk factors in suicidal behaviour. In many cases these factors were not recognised and thus patients could not get help. Authors emphasised the importance of training GPs, since complex diagnostic and therapeutic approach is essential to prevent suicide.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2001

Echocardiographic characteristics of male athletes of different age.

Two dimensionally guided M mode and Doppler echocardiographic data for 578 male subjects (106 non-athletic and 472 athletes) were analysed from two aspects: (a) in the young adult category (19--30 years of age), competitors in different groups of sports were studied; (b) in the different age groups (children, 10--14 years; adolescent juniors, 15--18 years; young adults, 19--30 years; adults, 31--44 years; older adults 45--60 years), data for athletes and non-athletes were compared. Morphological variables were related to body size by indices in which the exponents of the numerator and denominator were matched. Morphological signs of athletic heart were most consistently evident in the left ventricular muscle mass: in the young adult group, the highest values were seen in the endurance athletes, followed by the ball game players, sprinters/jumpers, and power athletes. A thicker muscular wall was the main reason for this hypertrophy. Internal diameter was only increased in the endurance athletes, and this increase was more evident in the younger groups. The E/A quotient (ratio of peak velocity during early and late diastole) indicated more effective diastolic function in the endurance athletes. The values for E/A quotient also suggested that regular physical activity at an older age may protect against age dependent impairment of diastolic function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Diagnostic and preventive factors in the background of attempted suicide--review of two-years results of the Pécs Center in the WHO/EURO Multicenter Study of Attempted Suicide].

Since parasuicides are not being systematically recorded in Hungary, a monitoring project within the framework of the WHO/Euro Multicentre Study on Parasuicide was started in Pecs catchment area. The study is aimed both to monitor the medically treated parasuicides and to predicts future acts (repetition prediction study) through a follow-up investigation. Pecs centre has been participated for two years in this study. The recent results of this survey are presented and analysed: 553 monitored suicidal events has been collected; 101 structured interview and 37 follow-up cases has been conducted in this period. The most important epidemiologic sociodemographic and psychosocial factors are discussed. Authors paid special attention to the presuicidal psychological characteristics especially the cry for help of the patients, emphasizing the specific diagnostic and preventive possibilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Comparative study of the attitudes of students and nurses to physician-assisted suicide--first results].

While the popular media and the professional literature deal with the topic of euthanasia intensively, the problems of physician-assisted suicide received insufficient attention in Hungary. The authors review the most important details of the physician-assisted suicide. A twelve-item scale to measure attitude toward PAS (constructed and validated by G. Domino) was administered to the samples of Hungarian social science, medical students and nurses. The distributions of responses for the 12 items for the social and medical samples are compared and discussed. Also a cross-cultural comparison was made with an American student sample examined by Domino. The social science students who have the fewest personal experiences with serious, or terminally ill patients are the most liberal group, characterised by the most permissive attitudes toward PAS. Nurses who have everyday contact and experience with these patients are the most conservative; they show more or less conclusively the lowest acceptability rate of PAS. The attitudes of medical student's group, of the would-be physicians are between them, and they are the most controversial and ambivalent. Future research is necessary to get more information about attitudes toward physician-assisted suicide.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[A case of datura stramonium poisoning--general problems of differential diagnosis].

In past year drug abuse becomes more and more general in Hungary. In addition to consume traditional drugs, other substances are used frequently too. One of them is the Datura stramonium, which contains alkaloids (mostly atropine), and can result in hallucinations. Therefore Datura stramonium is seemingly becoming popular as a hallucinogenic drug. The consumption of any part of the plant causes atropine intoxication, thus anticholinergic delirium. Differential diagnosis of Datura intoxication can be difficult in the everyday medical practise. In our paper the symptomatology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and therapy of Datura intoxication are discussed and we report one of our cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Genital retraction syndrome in Korean woman. A case of Koro in Hungary.

Koro is a culture-specific psychiatric disorder occurring primarily in Southeast Asian cultures. It is manifested by acute anxiety associated with the fear of genital retraction, accompanied by fear of death induced by the thought that complete disappearance of the genital organ will result in death. Koro has been described in non-Asian patients as well, leading to a debate concerning the culture-specific nature of the syndrome. Giving a psychopathological, nosological definition of this peculiar syndrome is also problematic. In this paper, we report a case of koro in a young, Korean female patient. We briefly present the etiological factors related to the development of the syndrome and the most significant psychopathological characteristics.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1997

[Senile depression in everyday medical practice].

The authors suggest that though the prevalence of depressive disorders among people over 65 is high, it is not diagnosed in many cases. They give different rating scales and symptom-lists, which can help the diagnostic procedure. It is pointed out that, according to the etiologic factors, the mood disorders of elderly people form together the clinical picture. The modern pharmaco- and physiotherapeutic treatments of depression are briefly discussed, too. The authors emphasize, that the depression of the elderly can be treated efficiently.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Management of childhood pseudocroup with budesonide inhalation].

The authors examined 85 children who had serious recurrent pseudogroup syndrome, and re-examined them 1-3 years later. 1/3 of the patients was also allergic, mostly to mites and grasspollens. The patients got either regular, daily two inhalation, or their parents were taught to inspire the drug in the case of stenotic cough of hoarseness. Half of the patients did not answer to our letter. The parents of 43 patients answered and described their observations according to the inquiry letter. 2/3 of treated children either amolioreted definitely of became symptom free. 12 patients had 30 laryngeal attacks before the budesonide treatment whereas only 3 attacks, needing hospitalisation, occurred after the budesonide treatment. 6 patients experienced definite amelioration and two children's state worsened. Budesonide therapy seemed to be useful in the prevention and therapy of recurrent laryngitic children. Further experiences using turbo-inhaler and placebo would be important for more definite statement. Nevertheless inhalative budesonide is the first drug promising fast remission of laryngeal edema.

Bronchodilator Agents↗
PubMed1993

[Allergologic study of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis in infancy and childhood].

The authors present the results of allergologic investigations in 54 infants and children with atopic dermatitis. To demonstrate the food and inhalative allergies, which are most important etiologic factors in this disease, different methods have been administered. Besides these in vitro and in vivo methods oral food challenges were done to verify the real causative role of the food in question. Food allergy only was verified in 16 cases, 12 patients were suffering in inhalative allergy. Both kind of allergens produced reaction in 19 cases. Among the foods hen egg caused sensibilization most frequently, among the inhalants the house dust mite. In analysing the results the authors want to demonstrate the combined allergic etiology, of atopic dermatitis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

[Experience with in vitro rapid diagnostic methods (DHS-CLA) in childhood bronchial asthma].

The authors examined the value of the chemoluminescent assay (CLA) in 35 asthmatic children. Each serum sample was examined concerning its reaction with 35 allergen extracts and the appropriate IgE value was also determined. The allergen-panel was adapted to the Hungarian prevalence. Results were read within 24 hours. Skin prick test and in vitro CLA results were in agreement in 89% of measurement. Purified, major antigens (grass, mite) gave a specially good concordance. Good agreement was also found in highly sensitized patients and children in the age below 3 years; in such cases RAST and CLA values were compared. In discordant cases revision of anamnesis supported the positive CLA result, however in some (5) negative CLA test this could not be strengthened. Chemoluminescent assay was shown to be fast, reliable and risk-free method, but high costs still limit its general use.

Allergens↗
PubMed1990

[Subglottic laryngitis treated with corticosteroid inhalation].

On basis of examinations the authors established that in case of a mild pseudocroup syndrome the inhalation of beclomethasone in itself, in more severe cases combined with racem epinephrine has a favourable effect; it shortens the period of symptoms, and effectively reduces the progress of laryngitis with resting dyspnoe. In 15 cases out of 18 patients treated without local steroids, airway stenosis increased, while in patients getting inhalative steroids only 15 cases out of 29 worsend. In practice the use of beclomethasone makes possible the home treatment in mild cases of pseudocroup. It must be considered, however, that one hour is needed while its effect develops. The progress of laryngitis can be stopped by inhalative corticosteroids, but in most severe cases they must be combined with racem epinephrine.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Incidence of food allergy and zinc deficiency in children treated for atopic dermatitis].

Among the 134 children who were admitted to hospital with atopic dermatitis, authors found 41, suffering from food allergy and 39, being hypozincaemic; the latter ones belonged to the group of patients with serious and extended ekzemic laesions. The lymphoblast transformation with aspecific mitogen in the blood of ten hypozincaemic patients with negative tuberculinplaster-reaction in 9 cases showed pathological decreased level, and after one month of zinc intake, 8 children's lymphoblast transformation became normal.

Adolescent↗