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Biomedical subjects

P Ogburn

Publications and source records attributed to P Ogburn.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Magnesium sulfate and neonatal outcomes of preterm neonates.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether in utero exposure to magnesium sulfate was associated with increased neonatal morbidity and mortality among premature neonates, and secondarily to determine the relationship, if any, between duration of magnesium sulfate exposure and neonatal morbidity and mortality. METHODS: We studied 401 neonates at our institution who were born between 23 and 34 weeks' gestation following preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes. The population was stratified by exposure to magnesium sulfate and compared by various neonatal outcome variables. Similarly, the magnesium-exposed population was stratified by duration of exposure and compared for various neonatal outcome variables. Student's t test, chi2 test, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression were used for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 190 neonates were exposed to magnesium sulfate, while 211 neonates were not. The magnesium-exposed neonates were delivered at a significantly lower gestational age compared to the unexposed neonates (28.2 +/- 3.0 vs. 29.3 +/- 3.1 weeks, p = 0.001). Univariate analysis revealed no differences between groups with regard to rates of respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, patent ductus arteriosus, histological and clinical chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis or neonatal death. However, magnesium-exposed neonates were more likely to have received antibiotics (71.6% vs. 45.0%, p = 0.0001) and antenatal steroids (95.8% vs. 61.6%, p = 0.0001), factors known to affect perinatal morbidity and mortality. Controlling for antenatal confounding factors, magnesium sulfate use was not independently associated with neonatal mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.28, 1.54; p = 0.34). Seventy-nine neonates were exposed to magnesium sulfate therapy for more than 24 h, while 111 neonates were exposed for 24 h or less. There were no significant differences between groups with respect to neonatal outcomes, with the exception of an increased rate of clinical chorioamnionitis in the group exposed to magnesium for more than 24 h (22% vs. 8.2%, p = 0.005). After adjusting for gestational age at delivery, magnesium sulfate exposure for over 24 h was independently associated with a 2.8-fold increased rate of clinical chorioamnionitis (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.14, 6.90; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Prenatal exposure to magnesium sulfate was not associated with increased neonatal morbidity or mortality. However, prolonged exposure to magnesium sulfate may be associated with an increased risk of clinical chorioamnionitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Reliability of taurine concentrations measured in single urine samples obtained from dogs eight hours after eating.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability of taurine concentrations measured in a single urine sample obtained from dogs 8 hours after eating, compared with taurine concentrations measured in 24-hour urine samples. ANIMALS: 18 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURE: After emptying the urinary bladder by transurethral catheterization, dogs were fed a canned maintenance diet. Approximately 8 hours later, urine, plasma, and serum samples were obtained for determination of fractional urinary excretion of taurine and urine taurine-to-creatinine concentration ratios (Utaur:Ucr). Results were compared with 24-hour urinary taurine excretion rate. RESULTS: Unbound and total fractional urinary taurine excretion correlated well with unbound and total 24-hour urinary taurine excretion. However, bound fractional urinary taurine excretion correlated poorly with bound 24-hour urinary taurine excretion. Unbound and total Utaur:Ucr correlated well with unbound and total 24-hour urinary taurine excretion. However, bound Utaur:Ucr correlated poorly with bound 24-hour urinary taurine excretion. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Fractional urinary excretion of unbound and total taurine, and unbound and total Utaur:Ucr are reliable indicators of 24-hour urinary unbound and total taurine excretion in healthy dogs. However, determination of 24-hour urinary taurine excretion is recommended for evaluating urinary bound taurine concentrations of dogs.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1996

The effect of high dietary n-3 fatty acid supplementation on angiotensin II pressor response in human pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on vascular reactivity as measured by the angiotensin II sensitivity test. STUDY DESIGN: Ten subjects with uneventful pregnancies, who were free of any chronic medical illnesses, between 24 and 34 weeks' gestation participated. Each subject was provided with OMEGA-3 700 softgel capsules and instructed to take three tablets three times daily (approximately 3.6 gm of eicosapentaenoic acid). The angiotensin II sensitivity test was performed before and 28 days after supplementation. Compliance was assessed by analysis of computerized pill bottles. Statistical analyses of the data were performed with a paired t test for evenly distributed continuous data. A sample size of eight patients was required to detect a difference in effective pressor dose of > or = 10 ng/kg/min between the presupplement and postsupplement results, assuming an alpha of 0.05 and a beta of 0.20 (80% power). RESULTS: The effective pressor dose before treatment (13.6 +/- 6.3 ng/kg/min) (mean +/- SD) was significantly less (p = 0.001) than after supplementation (35.8 +/- 15.9 ng/kg/min). CONCLUSIONS: High-dose n-3 fatty acid supplementation resulted in an enhancement of the pregnancy-acquired refractoriness to angiotensin II.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1996

Reliability of carnitine concentrations measured in single postprandial urine samples from dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability of urine carnitine concentrations measured in single postprandial samples, compared with carnitine concentrations measured in 24-hour urine samples. ANIMALS: 19 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURE: After emptying the urinary bladder by catheterization, dogs were fed a canned canine maintenance diet. Approximately 8 hours later, urine, plasma, and serum samples were obtained for determination of urinary carnitine fractional excretion and urine carnitine-to-creatinine concentration ratio. Results were compared with 24-hour urinary carnitine excretion rate. RESULTS: Fractional excretion of carnitine and urine carnitine-to-creatinine ratios correlated poorly with 24-hour urinary carnitine excretion. CONCLUSION: Determination of 24-hour urinary carnitine excretion is recommended to measure urine carnitine concentrations in dogs.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1981

A/NJ/8/76 influenza vaccination program: effects on maternal health and pregnancy outcome.

One hundred eighty-nine women who were immunized with Influenza A/New Jersey/8/76 virus vaccine (InfA/NJ) just prior to or during their pregnancy were compared with a control group of 517 pregnant women who did not receive the vaccine. This longitudinal, prospective study demonstrated no association between immunization with InfA/NJ and maternal, perinatal, or infant complications. No teratogenicity was demonstrated, and the two groups of infants did not differ in physical or neurological assessments at birth and at 8 weeks of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Traumatic pericarditis in a dog.

Signs of congestive heart faiure in a dog were caused by pericardial effusion and fibrous thickening of the epicardium and pericardium. Partial pericardiectomy and removal of the probable cause (shotgun pellets) resulted in recovery.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension in a cat.

Patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension and right to left shunting of blood flow was diagnosed in a 9-month-old female cat. Because of the pulmonary hypertension, the cat did not have typical signs of patent ductus arteriosus; thus, cardiac angiography and catheterization were utilized to confirm the diagnosis. The patent duct was successfully occluded with a vascular clip.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Cardiogenic shock.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1976

The role of vasoactive agents in shock therapy.

Vasoactive agents may have vasoconstrictor, vasodilator, cardiac stimulatory, or combined effects on the cardiovascular system. The intensity or degree of therapeutic effect differs with each agent. Table 1 provides a relative ranking of each discussed compound's effect regarding its ability to produce one or more of the listed effects. The effects of vasoconstrictor drugs such as methoxamine, phenylephrine, and norepinephrine have been generally unfavorable in shock because of the inhibition of tissue perfusion which results from their use. Debate still exists, however, and these agents have been shown to provide some benefit in selected cases. The rationale that shock results at least in part because of intense vasoconstriction has led to the usage of vasodilators in therapy. Currently isoproterenol, a beta adrenergic stimulating agent, is being used to elicit vasodilation in lieu of alpha blockage because the alpha blocking drugs phenoxybenzamine and chlorpromazine have longer, more irreversible effects. The merit of isoproterenol has to be evaluated in light light of its cardiac stimulatory effect. With the current antishock drugs, those which possess cardiac stimulatory effects seem to be most effective with the exception of those with alpha stimulatory properties. The importance of cardiac stimulation in treating shock is related to the fact that in many forms of shock a decrease in cardiac function is evident. Drugs which effect increases in cardiac performance will increase cardiac output and tissue perfusion. The increased excitability of the heart caused by many of the drugs is a drawback, but compounds such as dopamine seem to have less excitatory effect than does isoproterenol. It may be that vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and cardiac stimulation are all contributory to the alleviation of shock. However, it is important to remember that the use of vasoactive agents must be reserved for those deteriorating shock states in which primary and secondary factors responsible for the initial state have been adequately controlled and only when appropriate methods for judging hemodynamic performance have been instituted.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prenatally diagnosed ureterocele presenting as fetal bladder outlet obstruction.

The prenatal detection of fetal genitourinary abnormalities is becoming more frequent. The exact nature of these anomalies is frequently difficult to delineate before delivery. We report a case of fetal bladder outlet obstruction caused by an ectopic ureterocele associated with a duplicated renal collecting system, which was visible on prenatal ultrasonographic examination. Postnatal follow-up is presented.

Adult↗