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Biomedical subjects

P Oehme

Publications and source records attributed to P Oehme.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Substance P, mean apnoea duration and the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

In order to evaluate disturbances of the respiratory control in the first year of life in children with a statistically enhanced risk of SIDS, substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) in plasma and mean apnoea duration (MA) were examined. 4 groups of infants were investigated: Controls, full-term infants with anamnestic SIDS-risk factors, preterm infants with additional risk factors and preterm infants without such factors. Infants aged from -4(corrected age) to 63 weeks. SPLI in plasma was determined by a specific, homologous radioimmunoassay. The SPLI-level was significantly higher in controls (n = 41; means +/- SE = 36.37 +/- 4.86 pg/ml) than in preterm infants without (n = 21; 25.41 +/- 5.54 pg/ml) or with additional anamnestic risk factors (n = 111; 25.89 +/- 3.09 pg/ml). SPLI was higher in full-term SIDS-risk infants (n = 150; 30.73 +/- 2.35 pg/ml) than in the preterm groups. There is a significant age dependence in the groups full-term SIDS-risk infants and preterm infants with additional risk factors. During maturation the SPLI-level in plasma rises in these groups from lower values. The MA-values were determined by means of a daytime polygraphy. There is an age dependence of the MA-values during active sleep in full-term SIDS-risk infants and in preterm infants with additional anamnestic risk factors. In the age group 4-17 weeks (peak of SIDS frequency) in active sleep the MA-values were significantly higher in all 3 risk groups than in the controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Stress-induced dependence on endogenous opioid peptides--a fundamental process in the pathophysiology of a disturbed adaptation--its influence by substance P.

Using previous findings of stress-induced disturbances in regulation of peripheral and central function within the general adaptation process and hints from the literature to a multiple participation of opioid peptides in adaptive processes, this paper represents experimental data which gives hints to a functional relation in the etiopathophysiology between the development of stress-induced dependence on endogenous opioid peptides and stress-induced disturbances in blood pressure regulation and to the adaptive effect of substance P within the peptidergic interaction with endogenous opioid peptides and its importance for the physiology or pathophysiology of adaptive processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of the N-terminal fragment of substance P1-4 on the somatic manifestations of the stress reaction and on the catecholamine content of the adrenals in rats].

The antistress affect of the substance P1-4 N-terminal fragment (ARG-Pro-Lys-Pro, 100 mkg/kg, i.p.) has been studied on the model of immobilization stress in rats. It was ascertained that the preparation of protective effect is revealed to the greatest extent on the exhaustion stage (48 h of immobilization), which served to prevent the lymphoid organs mass reduction and ulcer development and also accounted for greater adrenaline and noradrenaline content preservation in tissues and chromaffin cells of adrenal glands in stressed animals.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1989

Influence of substance P and substance P--sequences on immunocompetent cells.

The influence of substance P (SP) and substance P-sequences on spleen cell cultures of mice and on rat lymph node mononuclear cells was studied. SP and the N-terminal fragments SP(1-4) and SP(1-7) were capable of inducing the secretion of lymphokines with chemotactic properties for polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes. The peak of the dose-response curves appeared in a concentration range of 10(-11) to 10(-10) mol/l. The predominant migratory stimulatory activity was found at a molecular mass of 12,000 and 23,000 dalton and an inhibitory activity at 35,000 dalton. The C-terminal part of the peptide, SP(6-11), SP(7-11), SP(8-11), SP(9-11), was not able to induce such lymphokine secretion. The experimental results display the importance of the N-terminal fragment for the lymphokine secretion, and support the hypothesis that SP is also a peptide with modulatory functions in the immune response.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The role of substance P in regulating bronchomotor tone and the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperreactivity].

Substance P (SP) is localized in sensory nerves of the respiratory tract in close connection to the effector cells of inflammatory and allergic bronchial diseases. SP is proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma because of its ability to induce bronchoconstriction, vasodilatation and an edema of the mucous membrane and to enhance the secretion of tracheobronchial glands. Furthermore inflammatory and immune cells are influenced by SP. SP seems to have a complex action in the regulation of the bronchial tonus. Especially differences in the action of partial sequences of the peptide may be important in the pathogenesis of asthma.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Relationship between neuropeptides and gastrointestinal smooth muscle activity.

The actions of substance P (SP) and met-enkephalin (ME) on the motility of stomach and small intestine were compared in conscious dogs. In stomach the two peptides induced different effects on the motility whereas in small intestine SP and ME caused similar actions. The effects of SP were not influenced significantly by ME or naloxone applied before. Furthermore, SP desensitization did not influence the typical response to ME. Our results indicate no interactions between SP and ME in modulation of gastrointestinal motility. The presence of two peptidergic systems existing independently is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Characteristics of the course of the wound process in spontaneously hypertensive rats and the effect of morphine, substance P and its fragment SP1-4].

The paper demonstrates that in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as compared with normotensive controls exudative processes at the sites of lesions are much more prominent. Such exudative processes include edema, fibrinous exudation as well as permeability of capillaries and venular walls for leukocytes. These effects prolong the phase of its inflammation and retard the regeneration phase in wound healing. Morphine and SP1-11 stimulate in a similar fashion repair during wound healing in the both rat strains. Their effect is similar to the effect of opioid peptides. SP1-4 does not affect vessel reactivity and wound healing in SHR, which is related to disturbed expression of receptors to SP fragments. Synergism in the effect of two functional antagonists i.e. opioids and SP on wound healing confirms our hypothesis about the role of pain as an inducer of a variety of mechanisms underlying repair regeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The significance of endogenous peptides for dental pulp pain].

The increase of knowledges in the field of endorphines and other peptides causes new aspects of development and transmission of dental pain. Methionin-enkephalin (ME) and substance P (SP) are found also in the dental pulp and the dentine. The concentration of SP is higher in the pulp, than in some other tissues. The concentration of both, ME and SP, in the endodont is different with respect to different functional situations, e.g. it is lower in case of pain. We suppose, there is a peptiderg reception and transmission of pain in dentine. Interaction with this new system opens new ways for opposing pulpal pain.

Dental Pulp↗
PubMed1989

A new analogue of substance P with antagonistic properties in renal and pulmonary arteries.

The effects of a new analogue of substance P (SP-A) and its interaction with substance P (SP) were studied in vitro isolated preparations from rabbit renal arteries and rat renal and pulmonary arteries. SP-A in did not affect the resting tone and the contractions of the rabbit renal arteries, evoked by field electrical stimulation (FES) but dose-dependently (10(-10)M - 5 X 10(-8)M) antagonized the inhibitory effects of SP on the FES-provoked contractions, the antagonism being of a non-competitive type. In the rat renal arteries SP had two different effects--depression of the FES-evoked contractions, and increase of the resting tone. SP-A did not exert per se effects on the tone and on the electrically-provoked contractions in these arteries. SP-A non-competitively antagonized both actions of SP in the same vessels. In rat pulmonary arteries SP increased the resting tone, whereas SP-A did not affect the resting tone and the FES-induced contractions. SP-A non-competitively antagonized the tone-increasing action of SP. The new analogue of SP may be useful in studying the mechanism of action of SP and its role in physiological and pathological reactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Stress-induced changes of the noradrenergic transmitter release in adrenals and the influence of substance P.

The paper presents results about the role of Substance P (SP) in stressful situations, especially on the spontaneous and nicotine-evoked noradrenaline (3H-NA) outflow in adrenal gland slices. Chronic stress increases the spontaneous as well as the stimulated 3H-NA outflow. SP applied i.p. during stress exposure inhibits the stress-induced elevation of the spontaneous and stimulated 3H-NA outflow. Application of SP direct to the superfusion solution influences the stimulated 3H-NA outflow but it does not change the spontaneous 3H-NA outflow in adrenal gland slices of stressed rats. The data support the hypothesis that SP modulates the transmitter release in adrenals during stressful situations.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of substance P on the neuronal activity of the antinociceptive system].

The experiments on rats showed that the 1 micrograms substance P injection to dorsal raphe nucleus caused prolonged (24 hours of study) analgetic effect--it enhances the reaction latent period to thermal nociceptive stimulation, intensifies the background impulse activity, rises the middle frequency of neuron discharges and creates high-frequency neurons as well as the neurons with burst impulse activity. The supposition is being confirmed that the mechanism of antinociceptive structures activation leads to analgesia caused by substance P.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of substance P on catecholamine secretion from rat adrenal medulla in situ.

Splanchnic nerve stimulation caused a frequency-dependent increase in catecholamine (CA) secretion with a maximum at 10 Hz from adrenal medulla of WKY rats in situ. Substance P (SP(1-11)) had no effect on the basal output of CA. During nerve stimulation, however, SP(1-11) decreased only the adrenaline (A) secretion by 18% at 10 Hz and by 55% at 20 Hz (p less than 0.05), whereas the noradrenaline (NA) secretion remained unchanged. These results provide further evidence that SP(1-11) may modulate frequency-dependently the secretion of CA from adrenal medulla in situ.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1988

[Drugs--between empirical and rational use].

The present paper gives a general view of the position of drugs in relation to the complex therapy concept. The first part of the paper deals with the development of the experimental drug research from Claude Bernard's simple experiments in animals up to modern rational computerized drug design. It is followed by some aspects of the present and prospective importance in research of clinical therapy. Furthermore, the problem of placebo is explained in detail because it is unjustly out of interest. New approaches to the background of the placebo phenomenon and their significance in medicine are discussed. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate specific therapeutic concepts (e.g. drugs) with different unspecific attendances in the configuration of the relationship between doctor and patient. Finally, a short comment to the prospective emphasis of therapeutical research is given.

Drug Therapy↗
PubMed1988

Effects of substance P on isolated preparations from rabbit and rat renal arteries.

Substance P (SP) increased the tone of isolated ring preparations from renal and pulmonary arteries from rat but not from rabbit. Indomethacin decreased the amplitude of SP-evoked tone by 50%. SP inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the electrically-evoked contractions of the rabbit and rat renal arteries. The threshold concentrations producing inhibitory effects of SP were 10(-12) M for rabbit arteries and 10(-9) M for rat arteries. The maximal inhibition was observed at 10(-8) M and 10(-6) M, respectively. In the renal arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats SP potentiated the electrically-evoked contractions. SP caused relaxation of the rabbit renal arteries, previously contracted with noradrenaline (10(-7) M), high [K+]0 (30 mM) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (10(-6) M). The results have shown that the effects of SP on the arterial contractions depend on the species and on the normal or pathologic conditions. A direct action of SP on the arterial muscle cells is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Decreased SP-stimulated diesteratic hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids in adrenal medulla slices from spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The effects of substance P on inositol phospholipids of adrenal medulla slices from spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats were investigated. Substance P reduces [32P] incorporation into inositol phospholipids of both rat strains. This effect was most expressed in hypertensive rats, which showed a higher basal 32P incorporation into phosphatidylinositol phosphates compared to normotensive control rats (probably due to the higher turnover of monoester-phosphate groups). Substance P causes a less potent diesteratic hydrolysis of [3H]inositol prelabelled phospholipids in spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with Wistar-Kyoto rats. A possible consequence of the reduced diesteratic hydrolysis by endogenous substance P and related substances of inositol phospholipids in adrenal medulla from spontaneously hypertensive rats is discussed.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1988

[Long-term hypotensive effects of substance P on the stress induced hypertension of primates].

The Substance P (SP) level in blood is lower in hypertensive individuals than in normotensive ones. Intravenous application of SP leaves the normotensive blood pressure largely unaffected, but decreases the enhanced blood pressure. Further studies on the effect of SP (i.v. application of 2.5 micrograms/kg b.w.) were performed on 26 primates; the results were as follows: With normotensive primates SP no effect on blood pressure. Upon repeated chasing and subsequent immobilization (load) the animals developed an arterial hypertension. Under the same load, the animals failed to develop hypertension if they were treated with SP 1 h before. A load-induced hypertension could be interrupted by injection of SP even after 3 weeks following initial load; the after-controls one year later revealed normotensive blood pressure values. Application of SP with two other animal groups with a manifest hypertonus lowered the blood pressure only transitorily. It is concluded that i.v. application of SP can prevent the development of stress-induced hypertension and, with existing manifest hypertension, leads to reduced blood pressure only transitorily. An indirect action with peripheral site of attack is assumed.

Animals↗