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Biomedical subjects

P Noone

Publications and source records attributed to P Noone.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Clostridium difficile and inflammatory bowel disease.

Stools from 109 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (13.4%) contained Clostridium difficile or its toxin, an incidence similar to the stools of 99 control patients with diarrhoea (11.9%), but significantly higher than the stools of 77 control patients with a normal bowel habit (1.4%). Sixty-six per cent of the diarrhoea controls, but only 11% of the inflammatory bowel disease patients, reported recent antibiotic use: however, 67% of inflammatory bowel disease patients were taking sulphasalazine. The presence of Cl difficile in the stool was not related to the clinical assessment of inflammatory bowel disease relapse, but it was related to hospital admission. During the one year study, 31 of the 109 patients (28%) with inflammatory bowel disease had one or more stool samples that were positive for Cl difficile.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Ketoconazole versus nystatin plus amphotericin B for fungal prophylaxis in severely immunocompromised patients.

72 patients severely immunocompromised by their underlying disease (marrow aplasia, acute leukaemia, or solid tumour) or by the treatment they were receiving, or both, were randomised to receive antifungal prophylaxis with either oral ketoconazole or conventional doses of oral amphotericin B and nystatin. All patients also had gut decontamination with non-absorbable antibiotics, skin antisepsis, sterile food, and oral cotrimoxazole. Protection against fungal infection was significantly superior with ketaconazole. When patients who had received allogeneic bone-marrow transplant were studied separately, there was no significant difference between the two treatments, probably because there was a fall-off in ketoconazole absorption from the end of the third week after the transplant. However, ketoconazole greatly reduced the likelihood of fungal infection in non-transplant patients.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1981

Is pseudomembranous colitis infectious?

A cluster of eight patients in two adjacent hospital wards acquired acute diarrhoea within a period of 11 days. All their stool samples contained Clostridium difficile toxin and C. difficile was isolated in every case. Three patients had rectal biopsy findings compatible with pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). All the patients responded to treatment with oral vancomycin. Until the possibility of PMC being acquired by cross-infection is clarified such patients should be nursed in isolation with strict enteric precautions.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Klebsiella capsular type versus site of isolation.

More than 1750 clinical isolates of klebsiella were collected over a period of six years from two different hospitals and capsular typed by the fluorescent antibody technique. A correlation was made between type and site of isolation. Many types were found to be associated more frequently with one site, which suggested a predilection of some capsular types for certain sites of infection. The site may also be a factor contributing to the virulence of a particular type. A greater antibiotic resistance was often noted in types isolated from their predominant sites; however, antibiograms were not consistent for a type from a given site. The combination of site specificity, resistance, and another 'virulence factor' may all be involved in the determination of a pathogenic strain.

Feces↗
PubMed1980

Single and multiple dose cotrimoxazole and metronidazole in colorectal surgery.

Cotrimoxazole and metronidazole were given prophylactically to patients undergoing colorectal surgery as a single preoperative dose or in multiple doses for 5 days. A total of 60 operations randomly divided into two groups showed that the rate of wound infection was low in both groups and there was no statistical difference between them. There were no cases of anastomotic dehiscence in those patients where the anastomosis was carried out from within the abdomen, but 7 out of 9 patients with transphincteric colo-anastomoses developed a suture line dehiscence. A greater degree of post-catheterization urinary tract infection was seen in the single dose group (which lacks statistical significance). There were no toxic effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Giardiasis in infancy diarrhoea.

Of 435 infants with diarrhoea aged under one year, 6% were found to have Giardia lamblia; the incidence ranged from 3% housed infants to 12% in itinerant infants. All infants had duodenal fluid and faeces examined. Infants under 12 weeks may experience severe diarrhoea in association with infection by this parasite, but seem more likely to respond to metronidazole than older infants.

Diarrhea, Infantile↗
PubMed1980

Epidemiological study of klebsiella infection in the special care baby unit of a London hospital.

Of the babies admitted to the Special Care Baby Unit of the Royal Free Hospital over 20 months, 10.2% were infected or colonised by klebsiella. The fluorescent antibody technique was used to identify epidemics caused by three strains: capsular type 8 K. aerogenes, type 68 K. oxytoca, or type 13 K. aerogenes, each of which was predominant at a different time, exhibited a difference in virulence, and showed a predilection for different sites of infection. Intestinal colonisation was frequently followed by the presence of sepsis in other sites by the same capsular type. Antibiotic administration led to a higher incidence of klebsiella infection, while the widespread use of compounds containing hexachlorophane could have contributed to skin colonisation and infection by klebsiella. An environmental survey indicated that 1% Hycolin failed to disinfect the incubators, that the babies were the reservoirs of the organisms, and that transmission was due to inadequate hand-washing of nurses and mothers. The mothers were found to have been uninformed of hygienic techniques. They were observed in various practices which could have contributed to the spread of the organism, including contaminating communal areas and handling babies other than their own. It has been recommended that the mothers of premature infants be instructed in the hygienic measures required in dealing with this susceptible population and that the nursing and medical staff be more strict in their own observance of these procedures.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1980

Netilmicin 200 mg twice a day for adult patients with life-threatening infections. A preliminary report.

The efficacy and toxicity of netilmicin was assessed in 15 patients with life-threatening infections, including six with septicaemia. Fourteen patients were cured with no recurrence of infection. The initial dosage of netilmicin was 200 mg twice a day (2.3-4.0 mg/kg/dose), but subsequent adjustment of dosage was made according to the results of serum assay, either to avoid accumulation or to improve therapeutic response. Probable nephrotoxicity occurred in only one patient and there was no evidence of ototoxicity in the twelve patients who could be assessed.

Adult↗