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Biomedical subjects

P Nichols

Publications and source records attributed to P Nichols.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Molecular analysis of Hodgkin's disease with abundant Reed-Sternberg cells.

The pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease (HD) has been elusive largely because of the paucity of the Reed-Sternberg cells in comparison to large numbers of normal inflammatory cells in biopsy specimens. This report attempts to characterize Hodgkin's disease by studying subtypes with a high proportion of Reed-Sternberg cells and their variants. We found in 4 out of 6 cases, clonal heavy and light chain immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements. The Ig rearrangement results are compared with the proportion of RS cells seen in the biopsy specimens and the data are correlated with the current literature.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1988

Stereotaxic biopsy diagnosis of central nervous system lymphoma.

Twelve cases of central nervous system lymphoma diagnosed by stereotaxic brain biopsy are reviewed to determine the most effective method to establish the diagnosis given the small amount of tissue obtained by this technique. The stereotaxic biopsy material was examined cytologically, histologically, and immunocytochemically. The diagnosis was established by a smear made at the time of biopsy in eight cases. Histologic sections were diagnostic of lymphoma in 11 of 12 cases. Accurate classification according to the Working Formulation was possible in six cases, with diagnosis of diffuse small non-cleaved non-Burkitt's in three, large cell immunoblastic in two, and mixed small and large cell type in one. Five additional cases were diagnosed as high-grade lymphoma but could not be further subclassified because of the small biopsy size or formalin fixation. Immunocytochemical stains for lymphoid markers on paraffin-embedded material confirmed the diagnosis in ten cases, and, in one of these, the demonstration of monoclonality on air-dried cytospins identified an atypical polymorphous lymphocytic population as neoplastic.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein in triploidy.

We report two cases of greatly elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) in pregnancies associated with a triploid fetus. The concentration of AFP in amniotic fluid and fetal serum was within the normal range. Determination of fetal karyotype provides the only definitive method of diagnosis. Prompt recognition is warranted in view of the high rate of severe preeclampsia in triploid pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Complex chromosome rearrangements and congenital anomalies.

Congenital complex chromosome rearrangements (CCR) compatible with life are rare in man. Thus patients with CCR usually present considerable diagnostic difficulties both clinically and cytogenetically. We studied a 12-year-old mentally retarded male with minor congenital anomalies as described below and his first-degree relatives. The propositus had an unbalanced karyotype with eight break points and seven derivative chromosomes; two deletions, del(6) (q25----qter) and del(14) (q31----qter), and four translocations, t(2;11), t(5;15), t(6;11), t(6;20) were present. Parental chromosomes were normal; however, the mother had a few metaphases with abnormal chromosomes suggestive of chromosome instability. These findings and a review of reported patients with CCR are presented with regard to speculations about etiology, pathogenesis, phenotypic expression, and prognosis. Physicians should be aware of CCR and broader indications for cytogenetic studies appear warranted in view of these data.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1987

Immunohistology of persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. Evidence for progressive lymph node abnormalities in some patients.

Immunohistologic analysis of cellular changes in serial lymph node biopsies of eight patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) syndrome was performed and correlated with clinical and laboratory findings to better determine the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The authors observed decreased follicle size and area in the second biopsies of six of the eight patients, associated in some with increased numbers of B-cells in medullary regions (four of eight) and more involuted follicles (four of eight). Five cases showed progressively increased paracortical areas in the second biopsies, with increased numbers of T-cytotoxic/suppressor cells and decreased T-helper cells. Seven of the patients also had a progressive loss of T-helper cells in the peripheral blood. These findings provide tissue and peripheral blood evidence for progressive immunologic deterioration in some patients with PGL.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1984

The biology of tumor growth in the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. A dual parameter flow cytometry study of 220 cases.

Dual parameter flow cytometry studies (cell DNA content and electronic cell volume) were performed in 220 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. All cases were characterized as B or T cell malignancies, based on immunologic surface marker characteristics. Aneuploidy by flow cytometry was more common among the B cell lymphomas than among the T cell lymphomas, and was most common among the large B cell lymphomas and B cell lymphomas of intermediate size. Ploidy index distributions showed a prominent hyperdiploid peak, as well as tumor cell populations with near-tetraploid DNA contents. In serial studies, a decrease in ploidy index was observed in association with clinical and histologic transformation in one case. The highest S fractions were observed among the large and intermediate B cell lymphomas and among the aggressive T cell lymphomas. In clinical samples consisting of mixtures of diploid and aneuploid populations, the data on the aneuploid components could often be separated from other components of the mixture in multiparameter studies on the basis of the larger electronic cell volumes of the aneuploid cells. In each case, the aneuploid large cell component almost invariably had a higher S fraction than the residual component(s) of the mixture. Overall, the data are consistent with a model of clonal selection and clonal evolution in the lymphomas in which early cytogenetic abnormalities that involve little or no change in total cell DNA content are followed by cell tetraploidization that is associated with cytogenetic instability and chromosome loss over the course of time.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1982

Asbestos exposure and lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity.

An epidemiological case-control study of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas revealed an excess of male patients with large-cell lymphomas primary to the gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity who had evidence of substantial exposure to asbestos. Between 1977 and 1981, 28 men with large-cell lymphomas primary to these sites were interviewed about previous environmental exposure. Pathology slides from 26 of these cases were reviewed by haematopathologists, who confirmed each to be non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of large-cell type. Neighbourhood controls were matched to patients for age, race, and sex. 13 matched pairs were discordant for asbestos exposure, and in 12 of these the exposed individual was a lymphoma patient. 10 patients and 1 control also reported a history of malaria.

Adult↗