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Biomedical subjects

P Newman

Publications and source records attributed to P Newman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effects of insertion depth and use of the sidearm of the introducer sheath of pulmonary artery catheters in cardiac output measurement.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of various insertion depths and sidearm functions of the introducer sheath of pulmonary artery flotation catheters on cardiac output measurement. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, crossover study. SETTING: A general intensive care unit. PATIENTS: Ten patients who had a pulmonary artery flotation catheter placed in the right internal jugular vein as part of their clinical management. INTERVENTIONS: Cardiac output was measured at three insertion depths of the pulmonary artery catheter, each with a different rate of flow into the introducer sheath. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Significant differences of up to 23% occurred in the measurement of cardiac output under the various conditions. Cardiac output measurement is greater, the closer the injection port lies to the introducer sheath and the more open the introducer sheath sidearm. CONCLUSIONS: All users of pulmonary artery catheters should be alert to this problem. For reliable measurements of cardiac output by thermodilution, the cold saline injection port of the pulmonary artery catheter must be downstream of the introducer sheath, and the introducer sidearm must be closed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Look After Your Heart programme: impact on health status, exercise knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour of retired women in England.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of the Health Education Authority's 20 hour Look After Your Heart health promotion course on a large group of retired women. DESIGN: Three groups of retired women were compared: group 1 women, drawn from 12 retirement groups, participated in the programme; group 2, drawn randomly from the same groups, declined; group 3, selected randomly from 12 different retirement groups matched for geographical area, were not offered the course. SETTING: Twenty four retirement groups established by a major national retail company in England. SUBJECTS: A total of 739 women with a mean age of 66 years participated. Altogether 200 women were in group 1, 192 in group 2, and 347 in group 3. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The Nottingham Health Profile was administered and exercise knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour of the three groups were assessed using a validated, reliable questionnaire. RESULTS: Group 1 had significantly better self-perceived health, indicated by lower Nottingham Health Profile scores, more exercise knowledge, and positive exercise attitudes and they did more exercise than the other two groups. The responses of groups 2 and 3 were similar. Time since completion of the programme did not have any effect on Nottingham Health Profile scores, exercise knowledge, and behaviour. CONCLUSION: The Look After Your Heart programme is associated with beneficial and persistent effects in retired women. Detailed studies are needed to confirm whether these associations are due to the programme or reflect the selection of fitter, healthier subjects.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

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Communication↗
PubMed1992

Characterization of Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein transcripts in platelets and megakarocytes.

Immunoblot analyses indicate that the platelet is a reservoir of several Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APP) isoforms, including C-terminal reactive species which could potentially serve as the precursor of the amyloid beta protein (AB*) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since platelets are known to sequester several plasma proteins from the blood, we employed the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify reverse transcribed mRNA and detect the 3 major APP transcripts (APP695,751,770) in platelets and the Dami megakaryocyte cell line. PCR amplification of glycoprotein IIb and HLA-DR mRNA was used to demonstrate that APP transcripts were derived from cells of megakaryocytic lineage, and the results were compared with those obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, B lymphocyte and astrocytoma cell lines. The identity of PCR products was confirmed by hybridization with APP specific oligonucleotide probes, and sequencing of amplified segments.

Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor↗
PubMed1991

Polyisoprenylation of the CAAX motif--an in vitro protein synthesis study.

A number of proteins, including most nuclear lamins, certain fungal mating pheromones, G-protein gamma-subunits and ras proteins, contain a C-terminal cysteine-aliphatic-aliphatic-undefined amino acid (CAAX) motif which is thought to be a roughly defined consensus sequence capable of directing a series of posttranslational events, beginning with the addition of a polyisoprene moiety to the cysteine. So far such a motif has been found in every protein known to have this type of modification. We have utilized the rabbit reticulocyte lysate translation system, which is capable of carrying out the polyisoprene modification in vitro, to investigate features of the C-terminal motif which affect its suitability as a substrate. We demonstrate that a cysteine is only isoprenylated when situated at position -4 from the C-terminus. We further show that the presence of a glycine at position -3 or a terminal aromatic residue, features typical of some G-protein alpha subunits, cause a reduction and abolition respectively of isoprenylation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Squamous carcinoma in the liver.

Squamous carcinoma of the liver has only rarely been reported. We present a case which highlights not only the difficulties in diagnosis but also how it can closely mimic sclerosing cholangitis.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Influence of cytochalasin D-induced changes in cell shape on proteoglycan synthesis by cultured articular chondrocytes.

There is growing evidence that cell shape regulates both proliferation and differentiated gene expression in a variety of cell types. We have explored the relationship between the morphology of articular chondrocytes in culture and the amount and type of proteoglycan they synthesize, using cytochalasin D to induce reversible cell rounding. When chondrocytes were prevented from spreading or when spread cells were induced to round up, 35SO4 incorporation into proteoglycan was stimulated. Incorporation into the cell layer was stimulated more than into the medium. When the cells were allowed to respread by removing cytochalasin D, proteoglycan synthesis returned to control levels. Cytochalasin D-induced stimulation of 35SO4 incorporation reflected an increase in core protein synthesis rather than lengthening of glycosaminoglycan chains, because [3H]serine incorporation into core protein was also stimulated. The observed stimulation of proteoglycan synthesis was not due to an overall stimulation of protein synthesis, to inhibition of DNA synthesis, or to accumulation of cells in one phase of the cell cycle. Cytochalasin D-treatment of cells in suspension caused no further stimulation of 35SO4 incorporation, suggesting that the observed effects were due to cell rounding rather than exposure to cytochalasin D per se; nevertheless, we cannot completely rule out other, nonspecific, effects of the drug. Fibroblasts and chondrocytes that had been passaged to stimulate dedifferentiation did not incorporate more 35SO4 when treated with cytochalasin D, suggesting that increased proteoglycan synthesis in response to rounding may itself be a differentiated property of chondrocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Chondrosarcoma of the epiglottis.

Malignant cartilaginous tumours of the larynx are very rare, and usually arise from the cricoid cartilage. We report the first documented case of a chondrosarcoma of the epiglottis. The diagnosis, histology and treatment of these tumours are discussed.

Chondrosarcoma↗
PubMed1987

Phenotypic properties, interleukin 2 production, and developmental origin of a "mature" subpopulation of Lyt-2- L3T4- mouse thymocytes.

Two-color flow microfluorometry using monoclonal antibodies to cell surface determinants has shown that a subpopulation of mouse Lyt-2- L3T4- thymocytes, comprising 18% of Lyt-2- L3T4- cells in adult C57BL/6 mice, appears in the thymus late during fetal development. These Lyt-2- L3T4- cells are characterized by lack of expression of determinants recognized by monoclonal antibody J11d, a phenotype characteristic of more "mature" functional T cells. This J11d- subpopulation of Lyt-2- L3T4- thymocytes has now been shown to produce significant quantities of interleukin 2 following mitogen stimulation and to express T-cell receptor molecules recognized by monoclonal antibodies KJ-16 and F23.1. Furthermore, culturing of fetal thymus lobes has shown that precursors of this subpopulation of Lyt-2- L3T4- thymocytes are already present in thymus at 14 days of embryonic development and are thus derived from an intrathymic precursor cell. So, within the mouse thymus, phenotypic changes and acquisition of mature T-cell characteristics occur within a subpopulation of cells originally thought of as exclusively "immature."

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Adverse effect of smoking on the hyperaemic response in diabetic patients and control subjects.

In order to determine whether smoking had an adverse effect on the hyperaemic response, as measured by transcutaneous oximetry, matched groups of insulin-dependent diabetic smokers and non-smokers were compared both with each other and with similar matched groups of non-diabetic control subjects. The hyperaemic response was also measured immediately, 1 hour and 24 hours after smoking a cigarette in five control subjects who smoked. The hyperaemic response was significantly lower in the diabetic smokers compared with the diabetic non-smokers (p = 0.008) and in the control smokers compared with the control non-smokers (p = 0.011). No other significant differences were found. In the five subjects studied at intervals after smoking the responses were variable and inconsistent. Smoking modifies the hyperaemic response and this must be taken into account in any investigation using such measurements.

Adult↗