Biomedical subjects

P N Hinz

Publications and source records attributed to P N Hinz.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1998

Cardiovascular disease morbidity in an Iowa law enforcement cohort, compared with the general Iowa population.

It remains uncertain if law enforcement officers experience an elevated cardiovascular disease morbidity and, if so, whether their profession contributes to this incidence. Consequently, the self-reported incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, angioplasty) and CVD risk factors (age, diabetes, elevated body mass index (> or = 27.8 kg.m-2), hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, tobacco use) in 232 male retirees, > or = 55 years of age, from the Iowa Department of Public Safety were compared with 817 male Iowans of similar age. CVD incidence was higher in the law enforcement officers than the general population (31.5% vs 18.4%, P < 0.001). Using multiple logistic regression, factors found to be associated with CVD included the law enforcement profession (odds ratio [OR] = 2.34; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.5-3.6), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 2.37; 95% CI = 1.7-3.3); diabetes (OR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.4-3.6), hypertension (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.3-2.5), tobacco use (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.07-2.6), and age (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.03-1.08). These results suggest that employment as a law enforcement officer is associated with an increased cardiovascular disease morbidity and this relationship persists after considering several conventional risk factors.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Ingredient selection for plastic composite supports for L-(+)-lactic acid biofilm fermentation by Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus.

Plastic composite supports containing 50% agricultural products (oat hulls, soybean hulls, yeast extract, soybean flour, dried bovine erythrocytes, bovine albumin, and/or mineral salts) and 50% (wt/wt) polypropylene were produced by high-temperature twin-screw extrusion. The research employed two half sets of a five-factorial fractional design (2(5 - 1)) to evaluate the effects of different agricultural components on the properties of the plastic composite supports and to select the best plastic composite support formulation for lactic acid fermentation. The biofilm population was affected by the contact angle and relative hydrophobicity of the supports (r = 0.79 to 0.82). Lactic acid was produced by the suspended cells (r = 0.96) and the biofilm on the plastic composite support discs (r = 0.85). Incorporation of yeast extract into plastic composite supports enhanced growth of free and attached cells in minimal medium (P < 0.0001). The presence of soybean hulls, yeast extract, or mineral salts in plastic composite supports produced less hydrophobic supports (P < 0.0001) and enhanced cell attachment (P < 0.03). Under all conditions, suspended-cell and polypropylene disc controls gave negligible lactic acid production and cell density. Plastic composite supports containing soybean hulls, yeast extract, soybean flour, bovine albumin, and mineral salts gave the highest biofilm population (2.3 x 10(9) CFU/g of support), cell density (absorbance of 1.8 at 620 nm), and lactic acid concentration (7.6 g/liter) in minimal medium.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Nutrient leaching and end product accumulation in plastic composite supports for L-(+)-lactic Acid biofilm fermentation.

Investigations on the leachate bioavailability, leaching rate, and lactic acid accumulation properties of plastic composite supports (PCS) were essential for large-scale or long-term lactic acid fermentation. Leachates from PCS and polypropylene discs (controls) were analyzed by the micro-Kjeldahl method; by absorbances at 260, 275, and 280 nm; and by bioassays with Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus (ATCC 11443). The amount of leached nitrogen in a 20-ml initial soaking solution had a high correlation with the soaking solution's cell density (r = 0.87) and absorbance at 260 nm (r = 0.95). Leaching rates of various PCS were evaluated by 20 20-ml simulated repeated-batch fermentations (RBF). PCS with only yeast extract as the minor agricultural ingredient had a high leaching rate and leached out 51 to 60% of the total nitrogen during the first RBF. PCS blended with dried bovine albumin, dried bovine erythrocytes, and/or soybean flour had slowed nutrient leaching (20 to 30% of the initial leached nitrogen). Hence, they could still maintain 1 g of lactic acid per liter and measurable cell density (absorbance at 620 nm, 0.4 to 0.6) at the 20th 20-ml RBF. Lactic acid accumulation properties of PCS were evaluated by soaking the supports in a 30% lactic acid solution for 72 h at 45(deg)C. The lactic acid-soaked supports were rinsed three times and then heat treated (121(deg)C, 15 min) in 15 ml of deionized water. The results showed that lactic acid accumulation in PCS was mainly due to absorption and had no correlation with lactic acid production or biofilm formation.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1997

Optimization of L-(+)-lactic acid production by ring and disc plastic composite supports through repeated-batch biofilm fermentation.

Four customized bioreactors, three with plastic composite supports (PCS) and one with suspended cells (control), were operated as repeated-batch fermentors for 66 days at pH 5 and 37 degrees C. The working volume of each customized reactor was 600 ml, and each reactor's medium was changed every 2 to 5 days for 17 batches. The performance of PCS bioreactors in long-term biofilm repeated-batch fermentation was compared with that of suspended-cell bioreactors in this research. PCS could stimulate biofilm formation, supply nutrients to attached and free suspended cells, and reduce medium channelling for lactic acid production. Compared with conventional repeated-batch fermentation, PCS bioreactors shortened the lag time by threefold (control, 11 h; PCS, 3.5 h) and sixfold (control, 9 h; PCS, 1.5 h) at yeast extract concentrations of 0.4 and 0.8% (wt/vol), respectively. They also increased the lactic acid productivity of Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus (ATCC 11443) by 40 to 70% and shortened the total fermentation time by 28 to 61% at all yeast extract concentrations. The fastest productivity of the PCS bioreactors (4.26 g/liter/h) was at a starting glucose concentration of 10% (wt/vol), whereas that of the control (2.78 g/liter/h) was at 8% (wt/vol). PCS biofilm lactic acid fermentation can drastically improve the fermentation rate with reduced complex-nutrient addition.

Bacteriological Techniques↗

PubMed1988

Comparison between factor analysis from a phenotypic and genetic correlation matrix using linear type traits of Holstein dairy cows.

Data on 18 linear type scores and production data for 43,428 records by 228 sires were used to compare two different factor-analyses procedures. Using a genetic correlation matrix to obtain a genetic factor matrix showed that the number of derived factors could be reduced to seven genetic factors vs. eight phenotypic factors. Genetic factors provided a good summary of the data and accounted for 79.3% of the total variation vs. 69.1% expressed by eight phenotypic factors. A comparison between the use of a genetic and phenotypic multiple regression analysis showed some difference for the basic rank of factor influence on production and herdlife.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Factor analysis for evaluating relationships between first lactation type scores and production data of Holstein dairy cows.

Data on linear type scores for 18 traits from evaluations from Twenty-First Century Genetics from September 1979 to December 1983 were matched against the DHIA production records. Data for production were 43,428 records by 228 sires, each with at least 20 progeny in at least nine herds. Data were randomly split to analyze and validate the investigation of factor analyses to relate type scores and production. Type scores (1 to 50 points) were adjusted for days in milk and age at first calving. Means of the adjusted type scores ranged from 25.2 to 31.7 (+/- 5.39 to 9.09 SD). A principal component analysis showed that the first eight components accounted for more than 69% of the total variance in type scores. A principal factor analysis followed by a factor rotation was used to define new factors. Multiple linear regression on these factors indicated that herdmate deviation milk and fat are more closely related to characteristics of the mammary system than they are to body traits. For herdlife analyses, using 17,288 records, cows with well-attached udders stayed in herds longer.

Animal Husbandry↗

PubMed1980

Differentiation of vaccine strains and field isolates of pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) virus: trypsin sensitivity and mouse virulence markers.

Five cloned virulent North American field isolates and 2 European vaccine strains of pseudorabies (PR) viruses were compared by their sensitivity to trypsin and their virulence for mice. Marked differences in trypsin sensitivity were detected between and among virulent and vaccine PR viruses. These differences were distinct enough to characterize a virus as either sensitive or resistant to trypsin. This test also differentiated 2 virulent viruses which were previously shown to be indistinguishable on the basis of their sensitivity to thermal inactivation. Mouse virulence was evaluated by comparing the mean times-to-death of mice infected with individual viruses. Three distinct levels of virulence were observed. The two vaccine viruses were differentiated from each other and from virulent virus. Mice infected with the vaccine viruses required 23 to 118 hours longer to die than mice which were infected with virulent virus. A significant difference of 5.6 hours (P less than .005) was also detected between mice infected with 2 different field viruses. When viruses were described according to their marker profiles, 5 of 6 possible combinations were revealed. The 2 vaccine viruses could be described by separate profiles and virulent viruses could be described by 1 of 3 profiles.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Differentiation of vaccine strains and field isolates of pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) virus: thermal sensitivity and rabbit virulence markers.

Eleven cloned North American pseudorabies virus (PRV) strains and the European vaccine strains K and BUK were characterized by their thermal sensitivity and rabbit virulence markers. Heat sensitivity of the strains and isolates ranged from the highly heat resistant strain K, to the extremely heat labile strain BUK and isolate Be. The inactivation curves of each virus were transformed to the logarithmic scale and their standardized slopes and predicted virus survival values at 30 minutes were plotted against each other. The result was a distribution of points that represented a thermal sensitivity spectrum (TSS). Virus strains were subsequently categorized into 1 of 3 groups according to their position in the TSS. Viruses were also categorized into three groups according to their ability to clinically infect rabbits, their ability to produce pruritus and the time required to kill. When individual strains were described according to their marker profiles, 5 of 9 possible marker combinations were revealed. The 2 vaccine strains were each described by separate profiles. Virulent field isolates were characterized by 1 of 3 different profiles.

Animals↗