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Biomedical subjects

P Munné

Publications and source records attributed to P Munné.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[General care of the intoxicated patient].

In this chapter we first set out the epidemiology of Clinical Toxicology, with the most frequent poisonings, and the need for making a register at the national level in order to obtain a more exact understanding of the true scale of the problem is emphasised. We next refer to clinical care and we divide patients depending on whether they have symptoms of: reduction in level of consciousness, alterations in their behaviour (agitation, delirium), generalized convulsions, or if they are conscious patients with different clinical manifestations: cardiac, pulmonary, digestive, nephro-urologic. Reference is also made to the neurotoxicological syndromes that can appear with different poisonings, besides the explorations and analyses that must be carried out to obtain an exact diagnosis of the poisoning. Finally, we deal with the treatment of the patient suffering form poisoning; we emphasise digestive decontamination, antidotes, kidney cleansing and the different poisonings that can be effective for extra-renal cleansing.

Antidotes↗
PubMed2003

[Acute pharmacologic poisoning (II). Analgesics and anticonvulsants].

In this second chapter on Acute Drugs Poisoning we deal with two groups of substances of great transcendence from the point of view of their use and morbidity/mortality. Within the group of analgesic-anti-inflammatory drugs we consider paracetamol and the salicylates, which are easily available to the population. With respect to the anticonvulsants, although they are barely involved in the ensemble of acute drug poisonings, their effects can be serious. We concentrate on four drugs: valproic acid, phenobarbitol, carbamacepine, and phenytoin. Finally, a section is dedicated to isoniazid, a drug that, with the renewed incidence of tuberculosis, is of toxicological interest.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia due to hydrofluoric acid.

Hydrofluoric acid readily penetrates the skin and mucous membranes, causing deep tissue layer destruction. Dermal exposure can produce hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, hyperkalaemia, cardiac dysrhythmias and death. We report the case of a 52-year-old man who presented hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia due to occupational dermal contact with hydrofluoric acid. Hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia were corrected by i.v. administration of calcium gluconate and magnesium sulphate.

Burns, Chemical↗
PubMed1998

[Availability, use and cost of antidotes in Catalonia].

BACKGROUND: To know the availability of antidotes in hospital and extra-hospital emergency services in Catalonia (Spain), their real use, and the cost. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Availability was studied by means of a transversal questionnaire carried out in 24 hospitals and 3 extra-hospital emergency services in Catalonia; the real use of antidotes was investigated using a prospective study carried out for one year in the same 24 hospitals, and the cost was determined using the data obtained over 12 months in one large hospital. RESULTS: Average availability was 35 antidotes in hospital and 13 in extra-hospital emergency services. In no service did the availability coincide exactly with that of another service, nor with the recommendations made by international institutions (World Health Organization and International Programme for Chemical Safety) or the Government of Catalonia. The low incidence of availability of antidotes to cyanide was notable. Antidotes were used in 12.9% of acute intoxications. In 167 cases treated with these drugs, only 9 different antidotes were used. The consumption of these antidotes represents 0.1% of the budget of a pharmacy service in one large hospital. CONCLUSIONS: The availability of antidotes in Catalonia is heterogeneous and some services lack antidotes whose use is considered essential. Antidotes are scarcely used in acute intoxications and their economic cost is low.

Antidotes↗
PubMed1992

[The radiological findings in poisonings by metals].

We present four cases of heavy metal poisoning (mercury, lead, bismuth and arsenic) in which plain chest and/or abdominal assisted in the differential diagnosis of the clinical picture manifested upon admission at our Emergency Department. The patients suffering from mercury, lead, and bismuth poisoning recovered some weeks after treatment was started. However, the patient with arsenic trioxide poisoning developed cardio-circulatory collapse leading to death three days after admission.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Acute scopolamine poisoning after sniffing adulterated cocaine.

Five cases of acute poisoning by scopolamine bought as cocaine, are reported. All the cases presented a serious anticholinergic syndrome which needed physostigmine administration. The presence of scopolamine in urine and the specimen sniffed was demonstrated in all the cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Acute kidney insufficiency in ethylene glycol poisoning].

A case of severe ethylene-glycol intoxication is presented in which there were potentially fatal plasma levels, neurological manifestations and acute renal failure and which was treated with ethanol and hemodialysis. Crystal deposits, normal glomeruli and severe tubular affectation suggestive of direct cytotoxic action, were found in renal biopsy, which was performed during the anuric phase. The evolution was favorable with no neurologic sequelae, diuresis re-onset on day 17 and return of normal renal function.

Acute Kidney Injury↗