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Biomedical subjects

P Mosconi

Publications and source records attributed to P Mosconi.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Comparative study in vitro on the activity of 7 antibiotics against anaerobic bacteria from hospital isolates].

One hundred and ninety-four anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical sources were tested by agar dilution technique against seven antimicrobial agents. A comparison with international literature, generally used for selecting appropriate antimicrobial drug showed concordant patterns of susceptibility in the case of Cocci gram-positive, Clostridia, Fusobacterium and other species of Bacteroides excluded B. fragilis group. For these strains we did not found any particular problem in the choice of the therapeutic treatment. In the case of Bacteroides fragilis and B. fragilis group our data confirmed the widespread of resistance to clindamycin and cefoxitin. When the cefoxitin and clindamycin resistance is confirmed by in vitro tests, the piperacillin represent a valid alternative considering the safety profile compared to chloramphenicol (no bone marrow toxicity) and to carbenicillin (no sodium load).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Some pharmacological studies on a new tripeptide mustard.

The analgesic, spasmolytic, antiinflammatory, C.N.S., cardiovascular, respiratory, and anaphylactogenic activities of PTT-119 were investigated. PTT-119 possesses good peripheral but only slight central analgesic activity. It presents an interesting in vitro spasmolytic activity of non-competitive type against acetylcholine and histamine. PTT-119 is inactive in rat carrageenin oedema, on the C.N.S. of mice, on cardiovascular and respiratory parameters of cats, and in guinea-pig anaphylaxis.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1983

Synthesis, acute toxicity and chemotherapeutic anti-cancer activities of a new tripeptidic mustard.

A new antitumor agent having the chemical composition of 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-Lalanyl-3-[m-bis-(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl]-L- alanyl-L-methionine ethyl ester hydrochloride (PTT 119) was synthetized. It fundamental toxicological data in mice and rats were assessed; its antitumor activity was investigated by establishing in mice, inoculated with L 1210 leukemia or in AKR mice with spontaneous leukemia of viral origin, a significant increase in Mean Survival Time as well as a percent increase of Increased Life Span and of the number of survivors.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that stimulates prostaglandin release.

Diacetylrhein (DAR) is a new anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoarthritic drug. Studies with isolated lung preparation showed that DAR does not exert its action by inhibiting the arachidonic acid metabolism. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments showed that DAR, contrary to most anti-inflammatory drugs, induced an increase of prostaglandin-like substances in the rat exudates. The above results are substantiated by experimental evidence that in the rat this compound displays a dose-dependent protecting activity against indomethacin-induced gastric damage.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Missing quality of life data in cancer clinical trials: serious problems and challenges.

Measurement of quality of life (QOL) in cancer clinical trials has increased in recent years as more groups realize the importance of such endpoints. A key problem has been missing data. Some QOL data may unavoidably be missing, as for example when patients are too ill to complete forms. Other important sources are potentially avoidable and can broadly be divided into three categories: (i) methodological factors; (ii) logistic and administrative factors; (iii) patient-related factors. Logistic and administrative factors, for example, staff oversights, have proven to be most important. Since most QOL measurements require patient self-report, it is usually not possible to rectify the failure to collect baseline data or any follow-up assessments. There is strong evidence that such data are not 'missing at random', and cannot be ignored without introducing bias. Although several approaches to the analysis of partly missing data have been described, none is entirely satisfactory. Prevention of avoidable missing data is better than attempted cure. In July 1996, an international conference on missing QOL data in cancer clinical trials reported the experience of most major groups involved. This paper will serve as an introduction to the problem and provide an estimation of its magnitude, and approaches to its prevention and solution.

Bias↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The multi-centre assessment of quality of life: the Interdisciplinary Group for Cancer Care Evaluation (GIVIO) experience in Italy.

One of the main issues to be considered in conducting clinical trials concerns the presence of missing data. This aspect is particularly relevant in oncology longitudinal studies, characterized by a long follow-up, and especially in quality of life studies where there is still little knowledge about patients' characteristics that predict loss of data. Since the middle of the 1980s the GIVIO (Interdisciplinary Group for Cancer Care Evaluation) co-operative group has been involved in conducting quality of life assessment studies, also focusing on the development of some strategies aimed at the minimization of missing data. In this paper we report on the results of two trials, which are now completed, concerning the quality of life assessment in a sample of breast and colon cancer patients. In order to cope with the problem of missing data, in both the trials the strategy of follow-up mailing was adopted, which proved to be an effective way to increase the response rate by nearly 50 per cent at each time point.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of quality of life in patients with malignant dysphagia.

BACKGROUND: In the last 10 years of clinical research there has been increasing interest in the evaluation of quality of life. Several generic and specific instruments have been developed for this purpose. EORTC QLQ C-30 is a cancer-specific questionnaire translated into various languages and validated in several European countries including Italy, where the impact of malignant disease on different areas of quality of life is poorly documented. METHODS: The EORTC QLQ C-30 was administered to 109 patients referred to the endoscopy division of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, for endoscopic palliative treatment of malignant dysphagia to test its characteristics in terms of acceptability and clinical validity. RESULTS: In this group of patients the impact of advanced esophageal cancer was highly evident for Emotional and Physical Functioning, Fatigue and Global QoL scales. Dysphagia is a serious problem for many patients; there is a correlation between grade of dysphagia and four QoL dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: QoL assessment is an important tool to evaluate the adequate management of patients with esophageal cancer. The EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire proved to be valid and reliable also in this population.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality of life among mastectomy patients using external breast prostheses.

BACKGROUND: Most women who undergo mastectomy for breast cancer use external breast prostheses. Yet, little is known about patterns of use, satisfaction levels, and quality of life associated with their use as compared to other options. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We report longitudinal, self-report questionnaire data regarding prosthetic use from 592 Italian mastectomy patients. Women who report satisfaction with their prostheses are compared on medical, demographic, and quality of life variables to a matched sample of women who report dissatisfaction. We also compare matched samples of women who do not use prostheses and women who had reconstruction to prosthetic users. RESULTS: Most women used and were satisfied with their prostheses. However, there was a small group of women who were dissatisfied. These women reported greater disruption to their sense of feminility and worse quality of life in some areas. We found few differences between prosthetic users and women who used either of the other two options available following mastectomy-taking no action to restore the appearance of the amputated breast or having reconstructive surgery. CONCLUSIONS: No one technique for restoring the appearance of the mastectomized breast is necessary to optimize quality of life for all women. Physicians should describe the options to women, along with the average satisfaction rates for women choosing those options, and help women to make the best personal decisions.

Body Image↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Development and validation of a questionnaire measuring hospital consumer satisfaction ].

This study describes the process of development of a new instrument for measuring patient satisfaction with hospital care in Italy. The self-administered questionnaire included a total of 48 items, -contributing to the construction of 8 scales, each of them describing a specific area of interest such as medical care and nursing, several aspects of organisation, comfort and overall outcome of care. Psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire were in terms of acceptability, validity, reliability and the ability to discriminate different levels of satisfaction in various patient groups. Psychometric analyses resulted in a convincing construct validity and reliability, as described by the Cronbach Alpha coefficient estimates [range 0.73-0.95]. The high compliance obtained (67.3%) can be considered a sign of good acceptability of the questionnaire and of its mode of administration. These analyses demonstrate a good performance of the questionnaire in terms of both validity and reliability, suggesting that this instrument can represent a solid base for future applications.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Correlation of the lipophilicity of the active agents with their topical anti-inflammatory activity].

The present study concerns the relation between the therapeutic activity of some FANS in formulation for topical use and their lipophylic nature. The efficacy of topic formulations of three widely used FANS: cinnoxicam, piroxicam and diclofenac have been evaluated through the decrease of plantar edema induced by egg's white in the rat's hind paw. The volume increases after one hour were 55% in the group of rats treated with cinnoxicam, 64% in the animals treated with piroxicam and 79% in those treated with diclofenac, against 86% of control group. The partition coefficient (P) of the three active drugs have been detected. The P found for the three drugs 4.9, 3.3, 0.9 respectively demonstrate the direct correlation between the pharmacological activity of the topic formulation and its lipophylic nature.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of SF-482 on bile, gallstones formation and experimental hyperlipemias.

The effects of 3 alpha, 7 beta-dihydroxy-12-cheto-cholan-24-oic acid (SF-482) were compared with those of ursodeoxycholic acid on bile flow and composition, on gallstones formation and on experimental hyperlipemias. SF-482, like ursodeoxycholic acid, increases the bile flow and residue in normal and ethynylestradiol-treated rats. The two compounds increase the biliary excretion of bile acids and phospholipids with a desaturation of bile cholesterol. SF-482 and ursodeoxycholic acid decrease the incidence of gallstones in mice; both compounds are active in Triton WR-1339, in olive oil and margarine hyperlipemias in rats and in ethanol intoxication in mice. In general, SF-482 is more active than ursodeoxycholic acid.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗