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Biomedical subjects

P Moran

Publications and source records attributed to P Moran.

106 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

A prospective randomised trial comparing spinal anaesthesia using hyperbaric cinchocaine with general anaesthesia for lower limb vascular surgery.

One hundred and one patients were randomly allocated to have their peripheral vascular surgery performed under general anaesthesia (51 patients) or spinal anaesthesia (50 patients). Intraoperative haemodynamic changes were markedly different between the two groups with a higher incidence of hypotension in the spinal group (72% vs 31%) and a higher incidence of hypertension in the general anaesthesia group (22% vs 0%). Blood loss was significantly less in the spinal group (560, SD 340, ml vs 792, SD 440, ml). Postoperatively three patients from the general anaesthesia group died from causes unrelated to the anaesthesia, and one had a myocardial infarct. Two patients in the spinal group had myocardial infarcts, both had been treated for bradycardia and hypotension intraoperatively, and one died. There was a significantly higher incidence of postoperative chest infection in the general anaesthesia group (33% vs 16%). There was no significant difference between the groups in the incidence of postoperative confusion, or lower limb amputation rate or need for further surgery prior to hospital discharge.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Family therapy and schizophrenia: recent developments.

A review of recent studies of family interaction as a causal factor in the development of schizophrenia suggests a paucity of evidence supporting this point of view. However, research has suggested family variables may influence the course and outcome of schizophrenia. The impact of schizophrenia on the family has recently received more attention. Some research has identified differences between families of schizophrenics and the families of other diagnostic groups and controls. Whether these studies are beginning to influence the theory and practice of family therapy is discussed. Recent studies suggest the combination of long-acting medication and 'psychosocial' interventions may reduce the relapse rate of schizophrenia in the short term. This research suggests that family therapists must re-evaluate their role in the management of schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A relation between seasonal temperature and the birth rate of schizophrenic patients.

The relation between schizophrenia birth rates and environmental temperature was studied in patients born in England and Wales during 1921-1955 and first admitted there in 1970-1977. A methodological difficulty due to varying age-incidence was avoided by the use of indices independent of yearly changes in rates. Birth rates in the second quarter and in the first half of the year showed high negative correlations with mean temperatures of the first quarter and first half of the year. Comparison of years with the coldest and with the warmest seasons showed the schizophrenia birth rate to be consistently higher in the coldest years. No comparable relations between birth rates and temperature were found for patients with affective psychosis, neurosis or personality disorder. The findings indicate an association between schizophrenia birth rates and temperature of a kind similar to that between infant death rates and temperature during the years 1921-55. Some implications are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alternative mating strategies in Atlantic salmon and brown trout.

By screening variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci, multiple paternity within clutches has been found in wild populations of southern European Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta). For Atlantic salmon, we determined the relative contribution of alternative male phenotypes to the next generation. Individual males that are morphologically juvenile yet sexually mature fertilized a large proportion of eggs, and they thereby contributed to an increase of genetic variability in wild populations via (1) balancing the sex ratio, (2) increasing outbreeding, and (3) enlarging the effective population size, in part a consequence of (1) and (2). In addition, these precocious males ensured that interspecific spawns involving Atlantic salmon females and brown trout males (a fairly common occurrence in southern Europe where the two species are sympatric) resulted mostly in Atlantic salmon progeny. For brown trout, preliminary genetic results indicated that multiple paternity, when present, was not due to alternative mating strategies by males, but rather to successive fertilizations by adult suitors.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A cryptic RRY(i) microsatellite from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): characterization and chromosomal location.

In this article we describe the isolation and characterization of a cryptic RRY(i) microsatellite from an Atlantic salmon genomic cosmid library. The chromosomal location of the microsatellite-containing cosmid was performed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) showing a single-locus signal located on an interstitial position of an acrocentric pair. The suitability of this type of microsatellite marker for population genetic analysis and for the development of a genetic map in this species is discussed. In addition, the usefulness of cosmid libraries for physical mapping of microsatellite markers and therefore for the integration of physical and genetic maps is pointed out.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nurse managers in Australia: mentoring, leadership and career progression.

Identification of those leadership qualities which nurses believe led to their successful attainment of a nursing management position may help in understanding how to identify and foster leadership potential amongst nursing staff. This study asked nurse managers to indicate the important factors which influenced and facilitated their entry to management positions with a particular reference to the development of leadership characteristics. The results suggest that the leadership qualities we expect nurse managers to display evolve in a largely random way. Additionally, there is evidence that the development of leadership skills and attainment of management positions remains fragmented and random in nature. Because of this, individual nurse managers develop leadership skills almost by default using informal strategies to learn and develop. These findings should provide direction to educational providers and senior managers who seek to develop future leaders and managers.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bayou virus-associated hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Eastern Texas: identification of the rice rat, Oryzomys palustris, as reservoir host.

We describe the third known case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) due to Bayou virus, from Jefferson County, Texas. By using molecular epidemiologic methods, we show that rice rats (Oryzomys palustris) are frequently infected with Bayou virus and that viral RNA sequences from HPS patients are similar to those from nearby rice rats. Bayou virus is associated with O. palustris; this rodent appears to be its predominant reservoir host.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cellular effects of cancer chemotherapy administration.

Cancer chemotherapy drugs (CDs) exert a cytotoxic effect by altering one or more aspects of the growth kinetics of cancer and malignant cells. The pattern and extent of cytotoxicity determines in part the scientific rationale of various CD regimens and accounts for many of the common side effects of treatment. This article provides an overview of the behavior of cancer at the cellular level and the impact exerted by CDs on normal and malignant cell growth. Examples are provided of how these scientific concepts affect treatment outcomes and clinical decisions. The nurse's role in monitoring and managing the related side effects of treatment also is discussed.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of protective efficacy of recombinant subunit vaccines against simian immunodeficiency virus infection of macaques.

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) was used as a model to study the protective efficacy of an immunization regimen currently being evaluated as candidate vaccines against HIV in human subjects. Four Macaca fascicularis were first immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the envelope glycoprotein gp160 of SIVmne and then boosted with subunit gp160. Both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses against SIV, including neutralizing antibodies, were elicited. The macaques were shown to be protected from a homologous virus infection as determined by serology, lymphocyte cocultivation, polymerase chain reactions and in vivo transmission analyses. Four unimmunized control animals were readily infected. However, viremia in infected control animals could decrease substantially following the initial phase of infection so that persistent infection might not be readily detectable.

Animals↗