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Biomedical subjects

P Moore

Publications and source records attributed to P Moore.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Dietary regulation of the activities of ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase in rats.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary regulation of the two key enzymes in polyamine biosynthesis, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) in rat tissues. Either an amino acid mix (patterned after casein), a complete diet or several dietary components were administered to fasting rats by gastric tube. Rats were killed at specific time intervals, over a 12-hour period, and the activities of ODC and SAMDC were measured in the following tissues: liver, kidney, small intestine, brain and skeletal muscle. The amino acid mix, as well as the complete diet, elicited rapid and substantial increases in ODC and SAMDC activities in liver, kidney and intestine. In brain and muscle SAMDC activity only was increased. Studies with actinomycin D showed that SAMDC and ODC activities are regulated at transcription. The mechanism eliciting the observed increases in enzyme activities is postulated to be the influx of amino acids into cells rather than the influence of hormones secreted in response to dietary stimulation.

Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase↗
PubMed1983

Effect of mode of agitation on storage of platelet concentrates in PL-732 containers for 5 days.

To determine the degree of damage induced by different modes of agitation during storage of platelets for 5 days in polyolefin (PL-732), we studied pH, platelet count, release of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG), morphology and osmotic recovery. Platelets were maintained at 20-24 degrees C on elliptical, 6 rpm circular, 2 rpm circular and flat bed agitators. Results showed that the most and least effective modes of agitation were the 2 rpm circular and the elliptical rotators, respectively. Elliptical rotators exhibited excessive release of LDH (46%) and beta-TG (51%) while the 2 rpm circular model produced significantly less discharge of these proteins (LDH 13%; beta-TG 30%; p less than 0.05). With elliptical units, by 120 h of storage, pH was often very alkaline (pH greater than 7.5) when platelet counts were under 1 x 10(9)/ml. Flat bed shakers and 6 rpm circular agitators were acceptable but flat bed units were unable to resuspend the platelet 'button' which forms after the final preparative centrifugation. The 2 rpm circular rotator showed significantly less LDH and beta-TG release than did the 6 rpm version (p less than 0.05) and permitted smooth resuspension of the platelet 'button'. Based on our in vitro studies, we conclude that elliptical rotators may not be suitable for storing PL-732 platelet concentrates and that some other form of agitation should be used.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1982

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: experience in a general hospital over four years.

From 1977 to 1981, 317 patients in a large general hospital became infected with methicillin- and gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The epidemic strain was characterized as bacteriophage type D11/83A/85, resistant to methicillin, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides, and contained a 24 megadalton plasmid which mediated gentamicin resistance. Spread within the hospital followed introduction of this organism into the general surgical and burn services and resulted from cross infection between patients. These services remained a reservoir of infection throughout the four-year period. Only 2% of hospital personnel carried methicillin-resistant S. aureus in their anterior nares, and only one of them was shown to be a long-term carrier. During the epidemic, there was no overall increase in serious staphylococcal infections, as reflected in bacteremias. As methicillin-resistant S. aureus increased, there was a reciprocal decrease in methicillin-sensitive S. aureus. Later, as methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremias decreased, methicillin-sensitive S. aureus bacteremias increased. Attempts to control the spread of the organism by containing infected patients on an isolation ward, or by placing all such infected patients in strict isolation, decreased the frequency of infections, but did not eliminate the organism. In 1980, the burn service was separated from the surgical service and moved into a new burn unit. Also, the five-bed rooms in the hospital were being converted to two-bed rooms. With only routine isolation precautions, the epidemic resolved over the next year, although the epidemic strain persists in the hospital.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1982

Insulin resistance and diabetes due to a genetic defect in insulin receptors.

A 14-yr-old woman presented with fasting hyperglycemia (269 mg/dl), fasting hyperinsulinemia (45 microU/ml), acanthosis nigricans, and insulin resistance. The patient's circulating insulin was normal by physical and biological criteria, and insulin receptor antibodies were not detected. Both the patient's in vivo dose-response curve for insulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated adipocytes were shifted to the right and showed marked decreases in the maximal insulin response. Basal hepatic glucose output was significantly increased, and the in vivo dose-response curve for insulin-mediated suppression of basal hepatic glucose output was shifted to the right. Insulin binding to the patient's erythrocytes, monocytes, and adipocytes was markedly decreased. To confirm that the severe reduction in cellular insulin receptors was a primary rather than an acquired defect, similar studies were conducted using cultured fibroblasts. No detectable binding of insulin to these cells was observed. Further studies showed that the patient's mother and two sisters were hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant, and had comparable, although less severe, changes in insulin binding. The patient was also demonstrated to have an insulin secretory defect both to both oral and iv glucose challenges. We thus conclude that this family demonstrates a genetic deficiency of insulin receptors, resulting in insulin resistance and, in this patient, severe diabetes mellitus.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1981

Fat embolism syndrome: incidence, significance and early features.

During the period 1968 to 1978 a total of 447 patients were treated in the Royal Newcastle Hospital for acute respiratory failure after injury. In 321 patients respiratory failure occurred after thoracic and/or long bone injury. In only 17 of these could a diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome (FES) as a sole cause of respiratory failure be substantiated when strict diagnostic criteria were applied. In a further 15 patients FES may have coexisted with other causes of respiratory failure. The outstanding features of patients with FES were: (I) all were in the younger age groups; (II) all developed respiratory symptoms within 48 hours of admission to hospital; (III) most had multiple limb fractures; (IV) more than half had been transferred from other hospitals; and (V) three were pregnant and had sustained in comparison with the others, less severe long bone injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Clonazepam and phenobarbital in tardive dyskinesia.

Benzodiazepines have several advantages over other antidyskinetic drugs in treating tardive dyskinesia. The authors conducted a controlled study of clonazepam versus the active placebo of phenobarbital in 21 psychiatric patients with tardive dyskinesia. Both drugs significantly reduced dyskinetic movements: clonazepam had a stronger effect on orofacial dyskinesia, and phenobarbital was more effective for limbs and axial movements. Clonazepam was also more effective for drug-free patients and those receiving low doses of neuroleptics than for all patients given phenobarbital and for clonazepam patients taking high doses of neuroleptics. The authors suggest that future treatment studies focus on the effects of antidyskinetic drugs on distinct body regions.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Insulin binding in human pregnancy: comparisons to the postpartum, luteal, and follicular states.

We have studied insulin binding to isolated erythrocytes from 28 nondiabetic, pregnant women and have compared these results to similar data obtained in nonpregnant, nondiabetic women. In the nonpregnant subjects insulin binding was 35% higher during the follicular stage of the menstrual cycle as compared to the luteal phase. In the pregnant women insulin binding was comparable to that seen in the nonpregnant women during the follicular phase but was higher than that seen during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Insulin binding was measured in 5 pregnant women during the third trimester and in the postpartum period. In these subjects insulin binding to erythrocytes declined by 31% after delivery. These results demonstrate that erythrocyte insulin receptors are not decreased in normal human pregnancy despite the presence of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. Providing erythrocyte insulin receptors are reflective of insulin receptors in other tissues in human pregnancy, these findings suggest that some factor exists in pregnancy that modulates insulin receptors in a positive manner and are consistent with the possibility that the insulin resistance in pregnancy is related to a postreceptor abnormality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Guillain-Barré Syndrome: incidence, management and outcome of major complications.

From October 1970 to March 1980, 33 patients with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) were treated at the Royal Newcastle Hospital (RNH). One patient died and 2 made incomplete neurological recoveries. This study shows that although GBS is an uncommon disease, a significant number (28%) of patients have a severe form of the illness that results in acute respiratory failure and frequently requires artificial ventilation (AV). This latter group of patients have a high incidence of major complications. Methods of reducing the incidence of these complications are suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Prediction of BCNU pulmonary toxicity in patients with malignant gliomas: an assessment of risk factors.

Symptomatic pulmonary disease occurred in 20 per cent of 93 patients with anaplastic gliomas being treated with carmustine (BCNU). An analysis of the variables has revealed a relation between the occurrence of pulmonary toxicity on the one hand, and the total cumulative dose of BCNU, the number of cycles over which the BCNU was administered, the history of lung disease, the patient's age, and the platelet-count nadir after the first course of BCNU on the other. An equation has been generated that allows prediction of pulmonary toxicity during the course of therapy with BCNU with 80 per cent accuracy. Pretreatment analysis of individual cases should allow safe use of BCNU and prevention of most of the serious pulmonary complications caused by this drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Role of cellular systems in modifying the response to chemical mutagens.

Neocarzinostatin (NCS) produces apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites in DNA which are repaired by the AP excision repair system. Survival after NCS treatment is not determined exclusively by this repair system, presumably because of the production of other, lethal, lesions. MNNG also produces multiple lesions which may be handled by cells in different ways. In E. coli, MNNG treatment results in rapid induction of a system which removes O6-methylguanine. Inhibition of this induction with chloramphenicol results in a large increase in mutation frequency. Induction of an enzyme which removes O6-methylguanine probably accounts for the enrichment of mutations near DNA growing points. MNNG also induces multiple closely linked mutations. The production of multiple mutations but not of single-site mutations is blocked in rec A and uvr E strains. The exact nucleotide site at which DNA synthesis is blocked in vitro by reaction with mutagens can be observed in a phi X174 system in which the nucleotide sequence is known. DNA polymerase I catalyzed synthesis is blocked one nucleotide before the reacted base on the template strand. In contrast, with some damaged templates, AMV reverse transcriptase can insert a base at the level of the reacted nucleotide on the template.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1980

Sex-role stereotyping in health care: perceptions of physical therapists.

Eighty-nine physical therapists reported their observations and perceptions on six dimensions of sex-role stereotyping of women, either as patients or as providers of health care. Three dimensions focused on negative attitudes or beliefs about women as patients: female behavior, female physiology, and need for different standards of health care for men and women. The other three dimensions focused on women as health care providers: sex-role conflicts, male-dominant female-subordinate role play, and capacity for leadership. A significant majority of the participants did not believe that female patients are often stereotyped. They also disputed the belief that female health workers are viewed as sex objects, are passive in making recommendations, and are more limited in their effectiveness in leadership and in professional growth than are their male counterparts. They did perceive that female health workers experience certain career conflicts. We concluded that the respondents could not, or were unwilling to, attest to the dilemmas of female clients and providers in health care as claimed in recent literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cerebrospinal fluid involvement in patients with adult acute leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

One hundred and thirty-four cases of adult acute leukaemia and 212 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated by the Combined Haematology Division of Sydney Hospital over a four year period were reviewed to establish the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. The sole diagnostic criterion considered was positive cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) cytology. The detected incidences of 21% and 5 . 2% respectively in long term surviving adults with leukaemia and those with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are similar to other series. Unusual findings were the relatively low incidence of involvement in acute myelomonocytic leukaemia and unexpectedly high incidence in diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. Cytocentrifugation using the Cytospin has proved to be a useful technique in detecting small numbers of abnormal cells in the CSF.

Acute Disease↗