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Biomedical subjects

P Millet

Publications and source records attributed to P Millet.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Beneficial effect of glycaemic improvement in non-ischaemic forms of diabetic retinopathy: a 3-year follow-up.

Recent studies have suggested that optimal glucose control fails to arrest or even worsens background retinopathy possibly by aggravating retinal ischaemia. Fourteen insulin-dependent diabetic patients, aged 34 +/- 11 years (mean +/- SD) treated by long-term intraperitoneal insulin infusion using portable pumps, were followed for 3 years. Preproliferative or proliferative lesions on ophthalmoscopy and large non-perfused areas on fluorescein angiography were exclusion criteria. Six patients were found to have minimal and 8 mild background retinopathy. The patients were retrospectively assigned to two comparable groups except for their glycaemic equilibrium under insulin infusion: average control (n = 6) and excellent control (n = 8), although glycaemic control was significantly improved in all cases when compared to previous conventional therapy. Fluorescein changes were scored blindly and independently by 3 ophthalmologists according to modifications of fluorescein diffusion and capillary abnormalities. The two types of retinal lesions improved gradually in 10 patients and deteriorated in only 1 patient, although not progressing to proliferative retinopathy. Structural improvements were significantly more frequent in the excellently controlled group. We conclude that non-ischaemic lesions may still be arrested and even improved by tight metabolic control.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Development of gastric sensitivity to histamine in the rat].

Sensitivity of the developing rat stomach to histamine (HA) was examined on isolated gastric mucosae of rats of various ages from the fetal to adult periods. Spontaneous acid secretion in mu eq/h.cm2 occurred at all the ages studied, at a basal rate of 0.45 +/- 0.07 in fetuses to 0.22 +/- 0.03 (day 5), 0.11 +/- 0.04 (day 10), 0.12 +/- 0.04 (day 12), 0.22 +/- 0.08 (day 16) and 0.33 +/- 0.04 (adults). In the fetal rats as in the adults, marked responses to respectively 10(-5) and 10(-4) M HA were demonstrated. The H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine diminished HA-induced secretion by 66 and 57% in fetuses and adults respectively. Between these two stages (from days 5 to 12), basal secretion and the response to HA dropped significantly. On day 21 of gestation, as well as on the critical days 5 and 12 after parturition, db-cAMP (10(-4) M) caused maximal stimulation of acid secretion. These results indicate that the development of responsiveness to HA in the rat is biphasic. They suggest that after birth, the H2-receptor adenylate cyclase system undergoes major modifications which might lead to the complete lack of responsiveness to HA by day 12.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

[Movement of Na+ and Cl- across the isolated fetal rat stomach].

Unidirectional and net isotopic fluxes of Na+ and Cl- were determined at steady state across isolated stomach of rat fetuses on days 19 and 21. On day 19, when parietal cells are not yet functional, net absorptions of Na+ and Cl- (respectively: 3.8 +/- 1.1 and 5.2 +/- 1.7 mu eq X h-1 X cm-2) were observed. By contrast, active secretion of Cl- (-2.1 +/- 1.8 mu eq X h-1 X cm-2) associated with decreased absorption of Na+ (45%) was noted on day 21, and both Na+ and Cl- net movements accounted for the short-circuit current, as observed on adult gastric mucosa. These results show that Na+ active absorption precedes Cl- secretion in fetal rat at the time of parietal cells differenciation.

Amiloride↗
PubMed1985

Development of gastric histidine decarboxylase in the rat: sensitivity to fasting and secretagogues.

Gastric mucosal histidine decarboxylase (HDase) was measured in fetal rats between days 16 and 21 of gestation, and in newborn rats up to weaning. HDase was not detected in fetal stomach. Its activity developed from day 1 after birth (29 +/- 2 pmol CO2/mg protein/h) and increased up to day 18 when it reached the fed adult level (894 +/- 174 pmol CO2/mg protein/h). Weaning increased HDase activity significantly (weaned versus unweaned rats: 1,664 +/- 150 and 1,036 +/- 170 pmol CO2/mg protein/h; p less than 0.005). Up to day 18, HDase activity was not altered by 16 h to 24 h of fasting. From that day on, HDase became sensitive to both pentagastrin and carbachol. These results indicate that complete functional maturation of histamine-producing cells is only reached at day 18, just before weaning. This developmental pattern may explain the differences observed between fetal and adult regulation of gastric acid secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Improvement of retinopathy in the diabetic treated with an intraperitoneal insulin pump].

The recent development of continuous insulin infusion by pump as a treatment method of diabetics and the fact that several publications have shown some doubt as to the efficiency of this method of treatment on the development of diabetic retinopathy, have led us to study this problem. In our study we have followed 24 patients for an average of 22 months (13-41). These patients were diabetics type I, non-obese, normotensive and were divided into three groups based on the extent of their diabetic retinopathy. Group I: no retinopathy, 5 patients. Group 2: background retinopathy without ischaemia, 14 patients. Group 3: ischaemic retinopathy, 5 patients. Only patients from group 3 where subjected to photocoagulation. The above classification was based on angiographic findings and we compared angiograms before and after treatment. In group I, none of the patients developed diabetic retinopathy. In group 2, there was only one aggravation of the preexisting retinopathy, however without the development of proliferative changes. In group 3, the favourable outcome was mainly due to treatment by photocoagulation. The different classification of diabetic retinopathy that we have adopted into ischaemic and non-ischaemic forms based on angiographic findings might explain our favourable results. The classification into background and proliferative retinopathy does not indicate in the background type the relative importance of the oedema and the ischaemia. We suggest that the improved glycemic control obtained by continuous insulin infusion has a favourable outcome on non-ischaemic type of diabetic retinopathy, whereas photocoagulation remains the treatment of choice in ischaemic retinopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Cultivation of exo-erythrocytic schizonts of rodent Plasmodium in hepatocytes: a new experimental model for chemotherapy of malaria].

An in vitro experimental model using primary cultures of laboratory bred Thamnomys gazellae's hepatocytes and Plasmodium yoelii yoelii' sporozoites was set up for chemotherapeutic studies. The surface of the culture was reduced (0.5 cm) and allowed the rapid performance and analysis of schizonticide activity tests, with a reduced biological material (Rodents, Anopheles, sporozoites). Fifteen compounds were tested. When activity of molecules is known in vivo, both results in vivo and in vitro are parallel.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Initial division of Isospora sporozoites from a sparrow in cell culture].

The study of the sparrow Isospora in cell culture has demonstrated that during the extra-intestine life cycle, sporozoites undergo a primary division, resulting into two similar elements, whereas, in plain intra-intestinal cycle, the sporozoite is straightforwardly transformed into the first generation schizont.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Contact between Glossina palpalis palpalis (Rob.-Desv., 1830) and G. palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank, 1949 (Diptera) in the Bouaké area (Ivory Coast)].

The boundary between the distributions of the tsetse sub-species G. palpalis palpalis and G. p. gambiensis lies 60 km north of Bouaké, Ivory Coast. At this place, there is a very narrow hybridization belt. 10 males were caught and compared with hybrids of laboratory origin. The possibility of a postcopulatory sub-specific barrier is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[New filaria of the magpie, Eufilaria kalifai n. sp. (Lemdaninae) and its development in Culicoides nubeculosus].

E. kalifai n. sp. (Lemdaninae) is described from Pica pica galliae captured in France (Herault); this species resembles E. longicaudata from North American Corvidae as well as E. delicata and E. bartlettae from European Turdidae but is distinguished principally by the large size of the microfilaria (180-220 microns). The life is completed using Culicoides nubeculosus as intermediate host. The above four species of Eufilaria are very similar but the caudal extremity of the infective stage has four "languettes" in the parasites of Corvidae; it is smooth in parasites of Turdidae.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Open-heart surgery in tropical Africa. Results and peculiar problems of the 1st 300 cases of extracorporeal circulation performed in Abidjan].

The authors report on their experience of 300 open-heart operations performed in Abidjan for cardiac valve disease (149 cases), congenital cardiopathy (100 cases), endomyocardial fibrosis (40 cases) and other lesions. The operational method involved haemodilution, hypothermia, aortic clamping and cardioplegia. The death rate was 13.3%, mostly due to the severity of the condition prior to surgery. A number of specific points are discussed, including haemodilution without blood perfusions, surgery in patients with sickle-cell anaemia, cardiac valve surgery in children and surgery of endomyocardial fibrosis.

Adolescent↗