Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Miller

Publications and source records attributed to P Miller.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Time courses of the anti-anaphylactic and anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone in the rat and mouse.

1 The time course of the activity of dexamethasone has been studied in a variety of anaphylactic and inflammatory reactions in the rat and the mouse. 2 The times of peak activity of dexamethasone, expressed as time between oral dosage and induction of response, and the approximate ED50 values (mg/kg) found were: anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in rats, 12-24 h, ED50 1.8; passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats, 6 h, ED50 0.04; cutaneous reactions to histamine in rats, 4 h, ED50 0.01; carrageenin-induced paw oedema in rats, 4 h, ED50 0.03; pinnal anaphylaxis in mice, 6 h, ED50 0.82; histamine-induced pinnal reactions in mice, 6 h, ED50 0.05. 3 In rats, the characteristics of the inhibitory effects of dexamethasone indicate a differential activity against anaphylactic and inflammatory reactions and between different types of inflammatory reactions. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed. 4 In mice there was little difference between the inhibition by dexamethasone of cutaneous allergic and histamine-induced reactions. 5 Pinnal anaphylaxis in mice was potentiated by dexamethasone given 1-2 h before challenge.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1978

Proglonged epileptic twilight states: continuous recordings with nasopharyngeal electrodes and videotape analysis.

Confusion, speech arrest, automatic behavior, and amnesia characterize the prolonged twilight states of both petit mal and psychomotor status. However, in psychomotor status two electroclinical phases were differentiated: (1) A continuous twilight state with partial responsiveness and reactive automatisms interrupted by (2) staring, total loss of responsiveness, and stereotyped automatisms. During the first phase, with reactive behavior, the EEG showed bilateral diffuse slowing. During the second phase, with stereotyped automatisms, there were spreading right temporal 4- to 12-Hz discharges. Petit mal status had one continuous twilight state, during which both stereotyped and reactive automatisms merged as 1.5- to 4-Hz spike-wave complexes, and bimedial temporal 4-Hz discharges' appeared in the EEG.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Inhibition of experimental immediate hypersensitivity reactions by a novel xanthone, RU 31156.

RU 31156, the tris-(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane salt of 7-(S-methylsulphonimidoyl)-5-(n-hexyl)-xanthen-9-one-2-carboxylic acid has been found to be a potent inhibitor of experimental immediate hypersensitivity reactions in vivo. In the IgE-mediated rat PCA test, RU 31156 had an ED50 of 0.0046 (00037--0.0057) mg/kg which compared to a figure of 1.21 (1.04--1.42) mg/kg for disocium cromoglycate (DSCG), both compounds being administered intravenously. RU 31156 was also active when administered orally, having an ED50 of 0.19 (0.07--0.30) mg/kg when given 10 min before antigen. RU 31156 partially inhibited an IgG-mediated PCA reaction in the rat. Both RU 31156 and DSCG inhibited anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in the rat, giving bell-shaped dose-response curves. From the upward part of the curves, approximate ED30 values of 0.02 and 2.0 mg/kg were obtained for RU 31156 AND DSCG respectively. Anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in the guinea-pig was not affected by RU 31156 and pinnal anaphylaxis was inhibited at only relatively high doses of 1--10 mg/kg i.v. The effects of both histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the mouse pinna were not affected by RU 31156. In PCA experiments, RU 31156 showed self-tachyphylaxis following both intravenous and oral administration. It also showed cross-tachyphylaxis with DSCG, indicating that these compounds are likely to share a similar mode of action.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1977

Crypt cell isolation in the small intestine of the mouse.

A successful method has been developed for isolating viable single cell suspensions of intestinal crypt cells from the small bowel of the mouse. The lumen of the intestine was perfused with a 0.2% trypsin solution that dissociated the lining epithelial cells. Crypt cell isolation, which proves to be extremely critical, occurred under optimal mechanical and chemical configurations about 75 min after the beginning of the procedure.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effect of thiol-oxidation of glutathione with diamide on corneal endothelial function, junctional complexes, and microfilaments.

Intracellular-reduced glutathione (GSH) was removed by thiol-oxidation with diamide during in vitro perfusion of the corneal endothelium. By 15 min the normal mosaic-like pattern of the endothelial cells was disrupted by serpentine-like lines of cell separation at the cell juntions. After 45 min of perfusion, infividual clusters of cells formed cup-shaped islands. The resultant exposure of Descemet's membrane to the perfusion solution resulted in corneal swelling. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the endothelial cells separated at the apical junctions and that the microfilaments in the apical cytoplasm of cells formed dense bands, whereas the other subcellular organelles were normal in appearance. The change in cellular shape may be due to loss of cellular adhesion which results in the condensation of the microfilaments or contraction of the microfilaments. The addition of glucose to the perfusate prevented the diamide effect, and the diamide effect could be reversed upon removal and perfusion of a glutathione bicarbonate Ringer's solution. These results suggest that the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione in the endothelial cells plays a role in the maintenance of the endothelial cell barrier function.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of amniotic fluid for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.

Studies of 117 pregnant women, 83 at term, were instituted to determine the bacteriologic state of amniotic fluid, utilizing both standard aerobic and anaerobic technics. A high association of postpartum infection was found in women who had long periods of premature reptured membranes and many vaginal examinations. Significant organisms including anaerobes, were isolated in many of these instances. Based on the findings of these studies, it is recommended that amniocentesis for aerobic and anaerobic cultures be done when membranes have been ruptured for 8 hours or more, and when the patient has had seven or more vaginal examinations during the course of labor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Thermal denaturation of sheared and unsheared chromatin by absorption and circular dichroism measurements.

Thermal denaturation of chromatin is observed by simultaneously monitoring absorption and circular dichroism at 276 nm as functions of temperature. Either observation indicates that sheared chromatins shows less thermal stability than native chromatin. The temperature-dependent ellipticities at 276 nm of these chromatins show features not seen in the absorption curves: the ellipticity of unsheared chromatin increases with temperature, while this increase is abolished or greatly reduced in the same chromatin after shearing. After its first thermal transition (prior to the helix-coli transition) the unsheared chromatin achieves the same ellipticity as sheared chromatin.

Chromatin↗
PubMed1976

Sequential release of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine during pinnal anaphylaxis in the mouse.

Histamine and 5-HT have been demonstrated to be involved in pinnal anaphylaxis in mice. Each predominates at different stages during the 30-min development of the reaction. The main mediator of the early stage of the reaction (0-10 min) is histamine, that of the middle stage (10-20 min) is 5-HT, and that of the final 20- to 30-min stage is, again, histamine. The source and mechanism of release of the 5-HT and the late histamine are, as yet, unknown but under investigation.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1976

A teaching practicum.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Education, Nursing, Graduate↗
PubMed1976

Pinnal anaphylaxis in the mouse. Mediating antibodies and rhythmic variations in the response.

The anaphylactic reaction in the pinna of a mouse actively sensitized to horse serum is mediated by IgG1 and IgE antibodies. Anaphylactic sensitivity is subject to diurnal variation, peak sensitivity occurring at 16.00 hours and minimum sensitivity at 10.00 hours. Anaphylactic sensitivity also varied with the season of the year, being lower during June and July than in the rest of the year, when the reaction was fairly constant.

Anaphylaxis↗