Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Milgrom

Publications and source records attributed to P Milgrom.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Adolescent dental fear and control: prevalence and theoretical implications.

This study examined the prevalence and etiology of dental fear in a large, representative sample of Singapore adolescents. Participants completed a questionnaire regarding fear of the dentist, dental beliefs and their most recent dental visit. The population prevalence of high dental fear was 115 fearful children per 1000 population (SE = 0.02). Children who reported painful treatment and perceived lack of control at the dentist were 13.7 times more likely to report high fear and 15.9 times less likely to be willing to return to the dentist or dental nurse. The etiology of severe clinical fear appears strongly related to direct conditioning in the presence of pain and vulnerability.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Experience with triazolam in preschool children.

Triazolam (0.125 to 0.25 mg) was administered preoperatively to 17 unmanageable children aged 22 to 65 months. The children were monitored visually and by pulse oximeter. No child experienced any airway obstruction and none had oxygen saturation below 90%. Older children had lower SaO2 values than younger children. There was no relationship between the mg/kg dose and SaO2 values.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed1991

Effect of a beta-adrenergic blocking agent on dental anxiety.

The effect of propranolol was studied on 23 dental phobics in a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving actual dental treatment. The subjects were selected because they showed high physiological reactivity in the dental situation. Twelve subjects received the test drug and 11 subjects received the placebo at individualized doses of either 80 or 120 mg. A significant difference in self-reported anxiety at the injection phase of treatment and less overall pain intensity and aversiveness were observed for the propranolol as compared with the placebo group. No differences were detected for behavior ratings. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents may have utility for reducing anxiety in individuals fearful of dental treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Patient dental values and their relationship to oral health status, dentist perceptions and quality of care.

In this study, 1287 patients completed a questionnaire assessing knowledge of home care procedures, adherence to home care instructions, obstacles presented to the dentist in delivering care, and ability to pay for optimal care. Ninety-seven dentists that provided treatment for these patients completed a parallel questionnaire. Measures of oral health and the quality of restorative care were based on clinical examinations. It was found that though patient values and dental perceptions were associated, dentist perceptions did not closely match patient dental values. Analysis of variance indicated that patient dental values were related positively to both oral health measures and the quality of restorations. Patient-reported compliance with home care recommendations showed the strongest relationship to both oral health and quality of restorations.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Manual dexterity as a predictor of quality of care among dental practitioners.

This study explores the relationship between time to complete a manual dexterity exercise and quality of restorative dentistry. Ninety-seven general practitioners volunteered to take part in the study. An average of 14 patients per office were recalled and an average of five recent restorations per patient were examined clinically by trained peer reviewers. Subsequently, 74 of the 97 dentists participated in a session in which the O'Connor Tweezer Dexterity test was administered. Pearson correlations between speed on the test of tweezer dexterity and quality measures indicated that, on the average, those practitioners who took longer to complete the tweezer test achieved significantly higher scores on restorative quality.

Aptitude Tests↗
PubMed1978

Dentists' perceptions of their patients relation to quality of care.

This study investigates dentists' perceptions of their patients and the relation of these perceptions to measures of actual quality of restorative treatment. The results indicate that 1) though the dentists see their patients as "cooperative," they perceived a substantial number of "problems," i.e., willingness to pay for optimal care or follow professional recommendations; and 2) there are significant associations between dentists' perceptions of patients and measures of the quality of restorative treatments; higher quality scores were associated with perceptions of a more cooperative patient.

Dental Restoration, Permanent↗
PubMed1978

Volunteering in dental peer review: differences between volunteers and practitioners at large.

This report characterizes differences among early and late volunteers, and non-volunteers for personal characteristics and situational determinants of volunteering in an experimental dental peer review study. Differences were found for volunteers/non-volunteers for some items representing subject interest, expectation of a favorable evaluation, sociability, and achievement motivation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Dental examinations for quality control: peer review versus self-assessment.

This paper reports the dental care norms for restorative dentistry collected from examinations of 1,466 patients in 105 dental offices in Washington State during 1976. These results are part of a larger study, "Assessment of Care and Continuing Dental Education," being conducted by the University of Washington with the endorsement and cooperation of the Washington State Dental Association. Treatments in volunteer offices were evaluated either by colleagues (peer review) or by the practitioner himself (self-assessment). Two hundred twenty-four of 1,196 eligible dentists volunteered for the study. Patients from the practitioners' offices were randomly selected from office files by project staff. The study tests the proposition that, using standardized clinical evaluation procedures and comparable samples of treatment, dentists will be more critical of their own work than that of others. Results suggest a generally high level of care provided by volunteer practitioners and that self-assessments were significantly more critical than peer review.

Dental Care↗
PubMed1978

Dentists' self-evaluations: relationship to clinical performance.

Today's dental practice standards are set by the individual dentist. Quality is assured, in large part, by the accuracy of self-evaluations by dental practitioners. As a result, dental educators have attempted to improve the accuracy of self-reported evaluations by dental students by teaching such skills in the laboratory and clinic. This investigation examines multiple self-evaluations of the quality of restorative practice of 1,196 general practitioners, and investigates the relationship between these ratings and actual quality of treatment by 102 dentists for 2,753 patients.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1978

A study of procedures to assess care and continuing dental education.

Although some studies have been undertaken to assess the effectiveness of continuing medical education in improving the standard of medical care, no comparable studies have been made in the case of continuing dental education. This paper reports the results of a study in progress in the State of Washington, USA which attempts to assess the relationship between participation in various forms of continuing dental education and the quality of performance of selected aspects of dental care. One hundred and five dentists in general dental practice for more than 25 hours per week were studied by means of a questionnaire and by peer review of selected patients. Those forms of continuing education requiring active participation by the dentist rate more highly than more passive forms such as lectures, journals, etc. both in the acceptability to the dentist and in relation to the standard of dental health of his patients. There remain many variables which cannot yet be fully assessed which determine the dentist's perception of need for continuing education and its effectiveness in raising the standard of dental care which he provides for his patients.

Age Factors↗