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Biomedical subjects

P Merlob

Publications and source records attributed to P Merlob.

225 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The fetus of the diabetic mother: growth, malformations and methods of surveillance by ultrasonography--the Beilinson Medical Center experience.

Some important issues continue to plague the perinatologist caring for the pregnant diabetic. These issues deal principally with fetal surveillance to prevent macrosomia, idiopathic prematurity and multiple congenital anomalies. In this report particular emphasis is placed upon the role of transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasonography in monitoring fetal growth and in early detection of congenital anomalies. New modalities, such as Doppler flow measurements and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, are described in addition to our experience at the Beilinson Medical Center in monitoring diabetic pregnancies by these modalities.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rotational deformities of the tibia and foot in preterm infants.

Metatarsus adductus and medial tibial torsion are common in term infants. Our study shows that metatarsus adductus is rare, whereas medial tibial torsion does not occur in preterm infants with gestational ages of less than or equal to 30 weeks. These preterm infants have lateral rotation of the legs, external tibial rotation, and everted or normal feet at birth. This posture may explain the rarity of metatarsus adductus and medial tibial torsion in preterm infants.

Bone Diseases, Developmental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maternal and cord plasma cortisol and aldosterone levels at delivery, in various ethnic groups in Israel. Preliminary report.

This study was carried out to evaluate the maternal venous and umbilical cord blood levels of cortisol and aldosterone at spontaneous delivery in three ethnic groups in Israel (Ashkenazic, Sepharadic and Oriental) (n = 47). The mean maternal plasma cortisol level of the Sephardic group was significantly lower than were those of the other groups (P less than 0.01). Cord plasma cortisol level was similar in the three groups. No statistical differences were noted between the maternal and cord plasma cortisol levels in the three groups. The mean maternal and cord plasma aldosterone level was lowest in the Sephardic group. There was a good correlation of maternal and cord aldosterone levels in all of the groups. A positive statistical correlation detected in our study between levels of maternal plasma cortisol and cord plasma aldosterone is of interest, but needs more investigation before an appropriate explanation can be formulated. The ethnic differences in hormonal changes at birth observed in this study are preliminary results, and further investigations are being conducted to clarify these findings.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thigh circumference and thigh-to-head ratio in preterm and term infants.

The diagnosis of altered fetal growth requires multiple criteria that include not only weight and length measurements, but also head, abdominal, and thigh circumference measurements. This cross-sectional study presents the normal standards for thigh circumference, thigh-to-head ratio, and Rohrer's ponderal index in newborn infants from 27 to 41 weeks' gestation, in relation to gestational age and birth weight. A thigh-to-head ratio of < 0.38 and a ponderal index < 2.3 in a term infant are important measurements for appropriate diagnosis of impaired fetal growth. These standards may also serve as reference for comparison with fetal ultrasonographic measurements.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Splinting therapy for congenital auricular deformities with the use of soft material.

Congenital auricular deformities present serious esthetic problems. To avoid surgical correction, splinting during the early neonatal period has been attempted. We describe the results and follow-up of splinting therapy with a special soft material in 30 neonates, as compared with results in a control group of 20 untreated newborn infants. Good results were achieved in 85% of the patients and sufficient results in 15% when the treatment was continuous over the entire 4-week period. However, when treatment was partial or discontinuous, only 10% had good results. None of the infants in the control group showed spontaneous improvement during the period of study. Moreover, early initiation of treatment (first week of life) proved more effective than later treatment (second week of life). Strong parental cooperation and close follow-up are also important for success.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incidental diagnosis of asymptomatic neonatal cholelithiasis: case report and literature review.

A case of asymptomatic cholelithiasis detected incidentally at the age of 3 days in an otherwise healthy newborn infant is presented. The hospitalization was uneventful. At follow-up the biliary stones had completely resolved at the age of 3 months with no symptoms. Fourteen similar cases of incidentally diagnosed neonatal cholelithiasis were found in the literature. Clinical course was benign; 12 cases (86%) were asymptomatic and eight (57%) had spontaneous resolution by the age of 6 months. We conclude that incidentally diagnosed neonatal cholelithiasis usually has a benign course with about a 50% chance of spontaneous resolution during the first 6 months of life. In cases of persistent gallstones by age 6 months, no treatment is needed except for long-term follow-up.

Cholelithiasis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Renal function in full-term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia on endogenous creatinine clearance and urinary excretion of sodium, phosphorus, lysozyme, and amino acids in full-term infants. Thirty-seven healthy, breast-fed newborns who were not exposed to phototherapy were studied on their third to fifth day of life. Twenty had neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with a mean indirect bilirubin value of 16.4 mg/dl, whereas 17 who were used as controls had a mean indirect bilirubin value of 7.8 mg/dl. Urine was collected, and samples were taken for examination of creatinine, lysozyme, sodium, and phosphorus concentration. Urinary sediment, glucose, and amino acid levels were also measured. Serum total and direct bilirubin, creatinine, sodium, and phosphorus measurements were taken at the beginning of urine collection. Calculations were made for creatinine clearance, fractional excretion of sodium (FENa), and tubular reabsorption of renal phosphate per deciliter glomerular filtrate (TP/GFR). The means (+/-1 SD) of creatinine clearance, FENa, and TP/GFR were 27.0 +/- 14.2 ml/min/1.73 m2, 0.53% +/- 0.49%, and 5.72 +/- 1.16 mg/dl GF, respectively, in the hyperbilirubinemic group compared with 21.1 +/- 9.4 ml/min/1.73 m2, 0.4% +/- 0.47%, and 6.01 +/- 0.51 mg/dl GF, respectively, in the controls. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups for any of the examined parameters of either glomerular or tubular function. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia < 20.8 mg/dl has no detrimental effect on renal function of healthy, breast-fed, full-term newborns, and no modification in the approach regarding renal function is necessary in these babies.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal assessment of babies conceived by in vitro fertilization.

PROBLEM: Neonatal outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies has been described by different authors, but several issues have yet to be resolved. The aim of the present study was to evaluate neonates conceived in vitro and to direct special attention to neonatal morbidity and prevalence of minor abnormalities. The information that has been accumulated so far is scant. METHOD: The first 100 babies conceived in vitro, and subsequently born in our institute, were investigated and compared with the general, spontaneously conceived newborn population. All infants were examined by a senior neonatologist, and the data that were recorded included gestational age at delivery, birth weight, gender, major malformations, minor congenital abnormalities, neonatal mortality, and neonatal morbidity (including asphyxia, jaundice, meconium aspiration, hypoglycemia, and hypocalcemia). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that the IVF neonates assessed had a higher rate of low birth weight (37%), twinning (30%), and preterm birth (20%) in comparison with the general reference population (p < 0.05). However, no differences were encountered either in the rate of small for gestational age infants or the incidence of major malformations and minor abnormalities between these groups of newborns. The overall neonatal morbidity in IVF babies was found to exceed that of the general population. Nevertheless, at birth, there were no clinical pathognomonic signs typical of IVF babies, although more detailed metabolic, endocrine, and neurobehavioral studies are still required to confirm that newborns conceived in vitro do not differ from those conceived spontaneously in any of these respects.

Female↗