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Biomedical subjects

P Maupas

Publications and source records attributed to P Maupas.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Hepatitis B virus and hepatoma: evidence for a cytoplasmic tumor antigen in transformed hepatocytes].

A tumoural antigen (HBV/T Ag) has been found in the cytoplasm of the human hepatoma cell line PLC/PRF/5 by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase assays using anti-sera from Senegalese patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma. The same antigen was detected in PHC tissues. According to the data obtained with serum and tissue controls the HBV/T Ag-anti-HBV/T system seems associated with transformation of hepatocytes by hepatitis B virus.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1982

Vaccine against hepatitis B in children: prevention of hepatitis in a pediatric hemodialysis unit.

In a pediatric hemodialysis unit, 10 children (aged 1 to 14 years) with chronic renal failure were immunized against hepatitis B infection (HB) by means of a vaccine. The vaccine was prepared by purification of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HGs Ag) from human sera and was formalin inactivated. Seven children were undergoing periodic hemodialysis and three were still managed with conservative treatment. There HBs Ag chronic carriers children were also dialysed in the unit and therefore represented a permanent high risk of HB for the whole unit. All the vaccinated children sero-converted for antibody to HBs Ag (anti-HBs) after vaccination. A follow-up from 16 to 33 months did not evidence clinical, biological and serological sign of hepatitis B in the vaccinated children. Presence of anti-HGs and absence of appearance of hepatitis B following immunization suggest that hepatitis B vaccine has represented for these children an effective means of prevention against hepatitis B infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in prevention of early HBsAg carrier state in children. Controlled trial in an endemic area (Senegal).

Three doses of inactivated hepatitis B vaccine were given at one-month intervals to Senegalese children aged less than two years. A control group received diphtheria/tetanus/polio vaccine. Of those HB vaccine recipients who were seronegative before immunisation, 94.5% had a specific anti-HBs response. Anti-HBs of maternal origin did not interfere with the active immunisation. HB vaccine was without ill-effects, irrespective of hepatitis B marker status before immunisation. After twelve months' follow-up, the incidence of the HBsAg carrier state was reduced by 85% in susceptible children (p less than 0.0001).

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Epidemiological and serological study of hepatitis A virus outbreaks in France: a comparison between immunoadherence and radioimmunoassay.

An epidemiological study and the simultaneous evaluation of anti-HAV antibody using radio immunoassay (RIA) and immunoadherence hemagglutination assay (IAHA) was performed during three hepatitis A epidemics in the Tours area (France). Fifty-seven sera from 35 subjects with viral hepatitis type A and 16 sera from nine children who did not develop any clinical signs of hepatitis were studied. The more explosive epidemic occurred in an institution for mentally retarded children (attack rate 68%). The two major outbreaks observed were due to the introduction of the institutions of individuals infected with hepatitis A virus. Two out of three of the index cases had a seafood dinner three to four weeks before onset of jaundice. Sera taken one week after jaundice were always found to be anti-HAV positive by both RIA and IAHA, and sera taken more than three days before the appearance of jaundice were negative by both methods. Sera taken at the peak of the transaminase elevation were anti-HAV positive by RIA but only one out of two were positive by IAHA. The anti-HAV titre by RIA increased from the time of the appearance of jaundice and the highest titres, over 1/20000 were seen only after several months. Observations of subjects in close contact with patients who seroconverted without any manifestation of hepatitis, confirmed the existence of clinically mute infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Detection of hepatitis B virus-specific DNA in the genomes of human hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis tissues.

Hepatitis B virus-related DNA was detected in the chromosomal DNA of three out of seven hepatocellular carcinomas and two out of five cirrhosis samples examined, by means of the blot-hybridization technique, described by Southern (1975). The integration patterns were not identical but some similarities raise the question of whether there are some preferred sites of viral integration.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Hepatitis A diagnosis in man: radioimmunoassay for hepatitis A antigen detection in faeces.

A new radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure using a double-sandwich technique was developed for the detection of hepatitis A antigen (HAV) in crude faecal extracts for patients involved in three outbreaks of type A hepatitis. Stools were obtained from 24 residents suffering from acute hepatitis A and from six children who remained asymptomatic throughout the epidemic. In addition, the HAV detection was performed in sera from 13 patients with hepatitis. HAV was detected in stools as early as five days before and as late as five days after the onset of jaundice. In this procedure, positive activity was only found in stools from patients with type A hepatitis, but not in negative controls. HAV was not detected in acute-phase sera. The double-sandwich RIA test used appears to be a reliable test for the large-scale screening of HAV in stool samples from patients suffering from type A hepatitis.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1980

Hepatitis B core antigen in hepatocytes of patients with chronic active hepatitis.

Hepatitis B core antigen was demonstrated in the hepatocytes of 28 of 40 patients with chronic active hepatitis in whose sera hepatitis B surface antigen was not detectable by radioimmunoassay. This finding suggests that in these patients, despite hepatitis B surface antigen being undetectable in serum, the liver disease is the consequence of chronic infection with hepatitis B virus.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma in intertropical Africa: relationship between age and hepatitis B virus etiology.

Clinical observations of patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) at Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal, were studied to determine a correlation with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Of the 103 patients with PHC, 80 had an active HBV infection (HBsAg and/or anti-HBc); 23 showed signs of previous HBV infection (anti-HBs and anti-HBc). The two groups were similar in the detection of alpha-fetoprotein (approximately 60%) and in the major clinical findings: hepatomegaly, 76.25% and 86.96%, respectively; and ascites, 57.50% and 47.83%, respectively. Jaundice, however, was three times more frequent (P < 0.01) in the group of patients with signs of active HBV replication. Distribution of HBV markers as a function of age at onset of PHC revealed that the presence of HBsAg was primarily confined to the sera of the younger patients (< 50 yr old). When compared with leprosy patients and blood donors, the younger PHC patients differed in the frequency of detection of HBsAg and anti-HBs. The older people (> 50 yr old) in the three groups (PHC patients, leprosy patients, and blood donors) had identical HBV markers.

Adolescent↗