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Biomedical subjects

P Massip

Publications and source records attributed to P Massip.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Evaluation of teicoplanin for treatment of endocarditis caused by gram-positive cocci in 20 patients.

Teicoplanin, a new glycopeptide antibiotic similar to vancomycin, was evaluated for the treatment of bacterial endocarditis in an open multicenter study from May 1985 to August 1987. A total of 20 patients with positive blood culture endocarditis received teicoplanin once daily as a mean intravenous injection of 7.3 mg/kg of body weight (range, 4.8 to 10.6 mg/kg); in 17 patients, teicoplanin was combined with another antibiotic, usually an aminoglycoside. The mean duration of therapy was 28 days (range, 7 to 66 days). The diagnosis of endocarditis was confirmed by echocardiography or anatomical findings in 15 patients and established on the basis of clinical manifestations plus positive blood cultures in 5 patients. The tricuspid valve was involved in 11 of the 20 patients. Isolates from blood were 12 Staphylococcus aureus, 1 Staphylococcus hominis, 1 Micrococcus sedentarius, 1 Enterococcus faecalis, 3 Streptococcus bovis, and 2 nongroupable Streptococcus sp. At the end of therapy, bacterial eradication was achieved in 17 of 20 patients (85%), and a favorable clinical outcome had occurred in 14 of 17 evaluable patients (82%). Of these 14 patients, one relapsed 4 months after the end of treatment. Thus, teicoplanin was effective in 13 of 17 patients (76%). Mean peak levels of teicoplanin in serum were lower, 23.1 +/- 2.9 micrograms/ml, in patients who failed than in those who were cured (45.8 +/- 8.4 micrograms/ml). Side effects occurred in 7 of 20 patients (35%), and required premature discontinuation of teicoplanin in 3 patients. These side effects were fever in three patients, rash in three patients, hearing loss in two patients, and increased serum transaminase levels in two patients. This study demonstrates the efficacy of teicoplanin in the treatment of endocarditis and the need for achieving peak levels in serum close to 40 micrograms/ml. Teicoplanin should now be further evaluated in endocarditis caused by gram-positive cocci means of controlled comparative study with standard therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Initial antibacterial prophylaxis after bone marrow allograft. Pilot study with systemic vancomycin].

In 22 consecutive patients treated by allogenic bone marrow transplantation, the authors report their experience in complete gastrointestinal decontamination and prophylactic systemic vancomycin. Neither septicemia from the low digestive tract nor with Gram positive is noticed. A child developed septicemia with Capnocytophaga ochracea, resistant to vancomycin. There is no infectious death in this study and no significative toxicity is reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[The passage of mezlocillin into the cerebrospinal fluid. An experimental study in dogs with normal meninges and with Staphylococcus aureus meningitis (author's transl)].

The passage of mezlocillin into the CSF was investigated in normal dogs and in dogs with experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus meningitis. The areas under the curves (AUC) of mezlocillin concentrations in blood and CSF were compared. The antibiotic was administered by slow (1 hour) intravenous infusion in doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bodyweight. Samples of blood and CSF were collected simultaneously 30, 40, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 180 and 240 minutes after the infusion. The penetration of mezlocillin into the CSF of dogs with non-inflamed meninges was poor (peak less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml, CSF/serum AUC ratio : 0.9 %), but it was very substantial in dogs with meningitis. After the 200 mg/kg dose, the mean CSF peak was 43 micrograms/ml (range : 33-60 micrograms/ml) and the CSF/serum AUC ratio was 26.6 %. Similar experiments were performed with other beta-lactam antibiotics. In dogs with healthy meninges the CSF/serum AUC ratios were 0.52 % with amoxycillin, 0.75 % with cefuroxime, 1.05 % with cefamandole, 1.18 % with cefoxitin and 3.6 % with cefotaxime. In dogs with meningitis, the corresponding ratios were 16.3 % with cefotaxime, 17.4 % with cefamandole, 18.5 % with cefoxitin, 18.6 % with amoxycillin and 18.7 % with cefuroxime. These results suggest that cefotaxime penetrates best across normal meninges and mezlocillin across inflamed meninges.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Penetration of cefoxitin into cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with and without experimental meningitis.

The penetration of cefoxitin into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after slow intravenous infusion of 50-100 mg/kg over 1 hr was studied in normal dogs and in dogs with meningitis experimentally induced by intrathecal injection of 10(9) Staphylococcus aureus. With healthy dogs the peak CSF concentration of 1 microgram of cefoxitin/ml was found to correspond with a serum level of 120 micrograms/ml. With administration of probenecid the CSF level was 1.5 micrograms of cefoxitin/ml. Doubling the dose from 50 to 100 mg/kg resulted in a CSF concentration of 2 micrograms of cefoxitin/ml. In the CSF of animals with meningitis, a peak concentration of 10 micrograms of cefoxitin/ml was obtained 90 min after the start of the infusion, and 5 micrograms/ml was still present at 240 min. The peak level in CSF of animals with meningitis was about 10% of the simultaneous level in serum.

Animals↗