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Biomedical subjects

P Marton

Publications and source records attributed to P Marton.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Response to desipramine treatment in adolescent major depression.

Thirty adolescents (ages 15-20) who met DSM-III-R criteria for major depressive disorder completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week, fixed-dose (200 mg daily) study of desipramine (DMI). Thirty-three percent of the placebo group and 50 percent of the DMI group improved (greater than or equal to 50% change on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression). Subjective reports of adverse effects did not significantly differentiate the two groups. Major adverse effects, necessitating study discontinuation, occurred solely in the DMI group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Adolescent bipolar illness and personality disorder.

The relationship between adolescent bipolar illness and personality disorder has not been explored. Studies of adult bipolars suggest a bipolar illness/borderline personality disorder (BPD) association. Twenty euthymic bipolar teens were assessed using the Personality Disorders Examination. Thirty-five percent met DSM-III-R criteria for at least one personality disorder. Three of the 20 (15%) had a borderline personality disorder diagnosis. The bipolar illness with personality disorder group differed significantly from the bipolar illness without personality disorder group in terms of increased lithium unresponsiveness (p less than 0.05) and neuroleptic treatment at time of personality assessment (p less than 0.01), but not in terms of age, sex, age of illness onset, serum lithium level, rapid cycling, substance abuse history, alcohol abuse history, or number of suicide attempts. Issues regarding the study of personality disorder in adolescent bipolars are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Personality status: changes through adolescence.

1. Forty-two percent of a nonclinical sample of urban 18 year olds displayed some degree of personality dysfunction. This rate of disturbance is similar to a previously reported rate for 13 year olds, but higher than the prevalence rate for 16 year olds. Thus, early and late adolescence seem to represent "at risk periods" for the genesis of character pathology. 2. In late adolescence, the form of this disturbance is as follows: 40% fall into a histrionic, borderline, narcissistic cluster, whereas nearly 30% demonstrate an atypical or mixed picture. This differs markedly from the distribution of dysfunction in earlier subphases. 3. Thirty-eight percent of the disturbed sample showed evidence of dysfunction at all three subphases (early, middle, and late), whereas 62% fluctuated in or out of disturbance at one subphase or another. 4. There was a notable lack of consistency with respect to type of personality dysfunction from both a group and individual perspective, except for paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal disturbance. This particular cluster retained both group and individual stability from age 13 to 18. 5. Two trends were evident however: teenagers who initially presented as avoidant, dependent, compulsive, or passive-aggressive seemed to grow out of their dysfunction. By age 18, hardly any of the original subjects remained in this cluster, and most had become clear. Secondly, most of the adolescents identified as antisocial in early or middle adolescence migrated into the histrionic, narcissistic, borderline cluster in late adolescence. This latter group showed a steady increase throughout the time span studied, suggesting the importance of developmental factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Utility of the Beck Depression Inventory with psychiatrically disturbed adolescent outpatients.

Thirty-seven consecutively assessed adolescents were evaluated at two intervals, one week apart, using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HLDRS). Scores on the two instruments were compared to each other and to the DSM-III clinical diagnosis. High scores on the BDI were not found to be specific to symptoms of patients with a diagnosis of depressive syndrome but rather measured the degree of subjective dysphoria. The severity of dysphoria was found to be greatest in the group with personality disorders and to vary most in this group from one week to the other. Suggestions for an appropriate use of the BDI in an adolescent population are made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Adolescent personality development: three phases, three courses and varying turmoil. Findings from the Toronto Adolescent Longitudinal Study.

The Toronto Adolescent Longitudinal Study was launched in 1977 to examine personality development in a non-clinical sample of children from ages ten through 19 over an eight year period. Following a description of their conceptualized model of personality and of the nature of the study, the authors summarize their findings which suggest new perspectives in three areas of adolescent personality development: 1) the subphases of adolescence, 2) the routes of passage through which adolescents proceed, and 3) adolescent turmoil.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Relationship between psychiatric illness and conduct disorder in adolescents.

Ninety-six psychiatrically ill adolescents admitted to an adolescent inpatient service were systematically assessed to determine the morbidity of conduct disorder (CD), with other Axis I psychiatric disorders. Twenty-six (27%) met DSM-111 criteria for CD in addition to other Axis I disorders. A CD diagnosis was significantly associated with substance abuse, and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Although CD was found in 21% of depressives it was more commonly found in patients with psychotic disorders (25%) and bipolar (42%) disorders. These findings suggest that CD may be commonly found in a variety of adolescent psychiatric disorders. The implications of this finding for pharmacologic treatment of CD, the clinical assessment of the CD patient, and possible relationships between CD and adolescent psychiatric disorders are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Personality dysfunction in depressed adolescents.

The personality characteristics of 35 consecutively assessed adolescents who met the DSM-III criteria for a current depressive disorder were assessed using independent structured interviews and paper and pencil measures. Sixty-five percent of the sample met the criteria for an Axis II personality disorder. The single most common diagnosis was borderline personality disorder (30%). Depressed adolescents with a concurrent personality disorder were less self-confident, displayed more neuroticism, and were emotionally reliant on others. They also demonstrated greater cognitive distortion. Teenagers who present with a depressive disorder warrant a comprehensive personality assessment. The combination of affective and personality disorder in such patients is associated with attitudes and interpersonal problems which should be therapeutically addressed in addition to symptomatic treatment of the depressed mood. Clinicians should be aware that depressed adolescents with personality disorder may be more likely to make a suicide attempt.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Successful clonazepam treatment of neuroleptic-induced akathisia in older adolescents and young adults: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of clonazepam in the treatment of neuroleptic-induced akathisia in older adolescents, clonazepam was significantly more effective at reducing akathisia scores at the end of the first treatment week than placebo (p less than 0.0001). Clonazepam may be a safe and effective treatment for neuroleptic-induced akathisia in this age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Parameters of adolescent depression. A review.

Recent advances in adolescent depression are reviewed, including diagnosis, epidemiology, comorbidity, personality disturbance, course and outcome, biology, and treatment. Issues regarding various aspects are critically discussed, and directions for future studies are suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The classification of disturbed personality functioning in early adolescence.

This study describes disturbed personality functioning in early adolescence. A non-clinical sample of 63 thirteen year olds underwent a semi-structured psychiatric interview as part of a longitudinal study investigating the relationship between competence in personality functioning and development. The presence of personality disturbance was determined by two psychiatrists who rated the adolescents on a personality functions scale. The raters then described the type of disturbance using Axis II of DSM-III as a guideline. Forty-six percent of the sample were found to have some degree of disturbed personality functioning. Of these, over one-half fell into a cluster comprised of avoidant, dependent, compulsive, or passive-aggressive types, while another third were characterized by antisocial tendencies. Severity of disturbance was not related to type of disturbance. Ratings of behaviour by teachers and parents supported the division of subjects with personality dysfunction into two broad groups: an anxious, fearful, "quiet" cluster; and a group of more "acting out", disturbing individuals. However, parents and teachers could not distinguish the "quiet" group from teenagers who were free of disturbed personality functioning. These data indicate that it is possible to classify a segment of a non-clinical population of young adolescents who had personality dysfunction using Axis II of DSM-III as a guideline. Furthermore, such a group of teenagers is not homogeneous. They distribute themselves into internalizing and externalizing clusters.

Adolescent↗