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Biomedical subjects

P Martin

Publications and source records attributed to P Martin.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Allergy to preservatives].

This study concerns 465 patients with dermatitis. The clinical history suggested allergy to cosmetics, drugs, industrial products or clothes. These patients were tested with 29 preservatives chosen among the most frequently employed or most sensitising products. Seven french clinics of Dermatology were involved in this study during one year. The patients' age varied between 2 years old and 80 years old. Positive reactions were seen mostly with formaldehyde (4.7 p. 100), Bronopol (4.7 p. 100), ammoniated mercury chloride (3.8 p. 100), benzoic acid (2.1 p. 100), sodium benzoate (1.9 p. 100), parabens (1.9 p. 100), dichlorophen (1.7 p. 100), chloracetamid (1.5 p. 100), benzyl benzoate (1.5 p. 100), Germall 115 (1.2 p. 100), butylhydroxyanisol (1 p. 100) and Dowicil (0.8 p. 100). The incidence of sensitivity to formaldehyde, Bronopol, ammoniated mercury chloride is too high; their use should decrease. Patients sensitive to benzoic acid, benzyl benzoate are not rare. Chloracetamid whose frequency of uses seems to be rather low is a very sensitising product. Parabens which are widely used were seldom found positive; nearly all cases are caused by topical medications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Chromosomal banding patterns in human large bowel cancer.

Cytogenetic banding studies were performed on direct preparations from 31 large bowel tumors. Twenty-eight of these were from primary sites and three from metastases. Some distinctive patterns were observed. The 31 tumors were separable into four groups: (1) Tumors with normal karyotypes (three cases); (2) tumors with simple gains of chromosomes (three cases); (3) tumors with gains, losses and structural aberrations (ten cases). Groups 1, 2 and 3 were all in the diploid range; and (4) tumors with hypotriploid-hypotetraploid karyotypes (15 cases). Non-random gains of several chromosomes, especially No. 8 and non-random losses of No. 17 were seen in this series. Thirteen cases had sex chromosome abnormalities. The most prominent structural abnormalities involved chromosomes No. 1 and No. 5. Marker chromosomes were sometimes absent, but when present ranged from simple translocations to the most complex rearrangements. Doubling of chromosome and/or marker chromosomes were prominent in Group 4. Double minutes were seen in all three metastatic tumors and three primary cancers. Premature chromosome condensation was observed in three cases in the hypotriploid-hypotetraploid group.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1981

Subcellular distribution of enzymes in the yeast saccharomycopsis lipolytica, grown on n-hexadecane, with special reference to the omega-hydroxylase.

The subcellular localization of the omega-hydroxylase of Saccharomycopsis lipolytica was assessed by the analytical fractionation technique, originally described by de Duve C., Pressman, B.C., Gianetto, R., Wattiaux, R. and Appelmans, F., and hitherto little, if at all, applied to yeasts. Protoplasts were separated in six fractions by differential centrifugation. Some of these fractions were further fractionated by density gradient centrifugation. The distribution of omega-hydroxylase and 15 other constituents chosen as possible markers of its subcellular entities. (1) Mitochondria were characterized by particulate malate dehydrogenase, particulate Antimycin A-insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase, oligomycin-sensitive and K+-stimulated ATPase pH 9. (2) Most if not all of the catalase and urate oxidase is peroxisomal. (3) Free ribosomes account for most RNA. (4) Nucleoside diphosphatase is for the first time reported in a yeast and appears to belong to an homogeneous population of small membranes. (5) The soluble compartment contains magnesium pyrophosphatase, alkaline, 5'-nucleotidase and part of the NADH-cytochrome c reductase. Latent arylesterase and ATPase pH 7 have an unspecific distribution. Alkaline phosphodiesterase I has not been detected.

Alkanes↗
PubMed1981

Androgen, estrogen and progestin binding sites in human leukemic cells.

Sex steroid binding capacity was investigated in malignant cells from 32 patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (25 patients with acute myeloid leukemia, 4 with subacute leukemia, 3 with chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis) and 30 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Specific binding of labelled steroids was characterized either by competition assay in cytosol fraction or by whole-cell incorporation. In some cases further characterization of the receptor complex was attempted by sucrose gradient centrifugation and gel filtration column. The results show the presence of specific binding sites for dexamethasone (22/32 in non ALL and 30/30 in ALL), for estrogens (11/15 in non-ALL and 5/12 in ALL), for progestins (8/25 in non-ALL and 5/13 in ALL) for androgens when R1881 was used as ligand (8/21 in non-ALL and 5/10 in ALL patients) but only 1/13 non-ALL patients and no ALL patients when labelled 5 alpha DHT was used. These results indicate that the blast cells from patients with acute leukemia contain specific proteins binding steroids with a high affinity. Our results for dexamethasone receptors are similar to those described in the literature in ALL and non-ALL.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1981

Methods of processing marrow samples may affect the frequency of detectable aneuploid cells.

Karyotypes were analyzed from 14 patients with various myeloproliferative disorders who had marrow samples processed directly and cultured in various ways. Eleven patients had acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) (seven patients) or a dysmyelopoietic syndrome (four patients). All of these patients were known to have an abnormal karyotype, and in each case, two samples of a bone marrow aspirate were available: one processed directly and another cultured for 24 hr. Five of the 11 patients had essentially the same proportion of abnormal cells in the direct and 24-hr samples; in five other patients, the percentage of aneuploid cells in the sample cultured for 24 hr was higher than that in the direct preparation. A higher percentage of aneuploid cells was observed in the direct preparation in only one case. In three other cases of ANLL, a marrow aspirate was cultured with methotrexate in addition to samples processed directly and after 24-hr culture; only two of these had an abnormal clone in any sample. The results of karyotype analysis differed in these two patients. The proportion of aneuploid cells was substantially higher in the methotrexate culture than in the 24-hr culture in one patient; in the other patient, the 24-hr culture contained aneuploid cells, whereas the methotrexate culture showed none. Three of the 13 aneuploid patients would have been incorrectly classified as being karyotypically normal on the basis of the initial analysis of the direct preparation, since only a single abnormal cell was detected in each case. The karyotypic pattern in untreated patients with ANLL has prognostic significance; therefore, the method of processing marrow aspirates may substantially influence the degree of correlation between the karyotype and survival reported by different laboratories.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1981

A comparison of the fears of mildly retarded adults with children of their mental age and chronological age matched controls.

Twenty mildly retarded adults were matched for chronological age and sex with twenty non-retarded children using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. All 60 subjects were given an 89-item Fear Survey Schedule with a three-point rating scale. Mildly retarded adults were more fearful in general and showed a more intense level of fear than their chronological age matched controls. However, they reported less overall fear than their mental age matched controls. Differences in type of feared objects or situations were reported between groups. The importance of understanding the degree and types of fear in promoting de-institutionalization in the retarded is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Legionnaires' disease in Vermont. 1972-1976.

One hundred four autopsy cases with previously diagnosed pneumonitis were examined for evidence of Legionnaires' disease. The peak epidemic months of July, August, and September in the five years before the 1977 Vermont epidemic were chosen for study. The bacterium, Legionella pneumophila (serogroup 1) was demonstrated in lung tissue by direct immunofluorescence and the Dieterle silver impregnation stain. There was no clustering of Legionnaires' disease in any one year., The clinical presentation and pulmonary pathology were similar to that of Legionnaires' disease previously reported in Vermont. Seven out of 104 cases were identified as previously undiagnosed Legionnaire's disease. In this time frame, it can be concluded that the disease has been endemic in Vermont.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

a/alpha-specific effect on the mms3 mutation on ultraviolet mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

A new gene involved in error-prone repair of ultraviolet (UV) damage has been identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the mms3-1 mutation. UV-induced reversion is reduced in diploids that are homozygous for mms3-1, only if they are also heterozygous (MATa/MAT alpha) at the mating type locus. The mms3-1 mutation has no effect on UV-induced reversion either in haploids or MATa/MATa or MAT alpha/MAT alpha diploids. The mutation confers sensitivity to UV and methyl methane sulfonate in both haploids and diploids. Even though mutation induction by UV is restored to wild-type levels in MATa/MATa mms3-1/mms3-1 or MAT alpha/MAT alpha mms3-1/mms3-1 diploids, such strains still retain sensitivity to the lethal effects of UV. Survival after UV irradiation in mms3-1 rad double mutant combinations indicates that mms3-1 is epistatic to rad6-1 whereas non-epistatic interactions are observed with rad3 and rad52 mutants. When present in the homozygous state in MATa/MAT alpha his1-1/his1-315 heteroallelic diploids, mms3-1 was found to lower UV-induced mitotic recombination.

Epistasis, Genetic↗
PubMed1981

[Inhabitual sites for Neisseria and Branhamella].

The authors bring together a bibliographical study and their own personal results concerning inhabitual sites for Neisseria and Branhamella. Among various species, gonococci (N. gonorrhoeae) and meningococci (N. meningitidis) may either be manifest pathogenic agents or exist in asymptomatic carrier states and they are found in normal microflora. Other species of Neisseria and Branhamella may be opportunistic pathogenic bacteria isolated in diverse infections. The utility of complete bacteriological diagnosis is emphasized for all of these cases.

Cardiovascular System↗
PubMed1981

[Acute chorea and disseminated lupus erythematosus (author's transl)].

A case of acute chorea in a young woman with disseminated lupus erythematosus is described and 27 similar cases reported in the literature are reviewed. As in other neurological complications of the disease, signs of diffuse, labile angeitis (dysoric nodules) were present as well as antilymphocyte antibodies characteristics of these forms. Acute chorea is however a rare finding when compared with other types of complications. It keeps its clinical picture resembling that of Sydenham's chorea, and with which is can be compared also as regard the immunological syndromes frequently observed in acute rheumatic fever, and that which occasionally occurs during disseminated lupus erythematosus.

Adult↗