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P Mares

Publications and source records attributed to P Mares.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Importance of defecography in the evaluation of genital prolapses].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the interest of defecography for the initial evaluation of genital prolapses. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 125 patients who had undergone systematically a defecography for the initial evaluation of a genital prolapse. RESULTS: 10% of defecogaphies were normal. On clinical examination a rectocele was found in 94% of patients and an enterocele in 33%. At defecography, these abnormalities were seen only in 39% and 15% respectively. 39% of patients with radiological rectocele had an intussusception at defecography. CONCLUSION: Defecography is appropriate to diagnose and to assess constitutional abnormalities associated with genital prolapse (rectocele, enterocele) and other anomalies which interact with it (intussusception, sphincter and pubo-rectal dyskinesia). Most of women with genital prolapse showed abnormal defecograms. We observed a marked discordance between clinical and radiological evaluation, specially for rectocele. Defecography is of great interest in the evaluation of posterior genital prolapses, specially in women complaining of dyschesia. Defecography may be proposed in case of: posterior vaginal wall prolapse (rectocele, enterocele), dyschesia, post-operative prolapse and before a cervicopexy.

Defecography↗
PubMed1999

Dizocilpine pretreatment suppresses the action of hypoxia on hippocampal epileptic afterdischarges in immature rats.

Effect of dizocilpine (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) on epileptic afterdischarges elicited by low-frequency electrical stimulation of the dorsal hippocampus was studied in rat pups aged 12 and 18 days. Repeated elicitation of afterdischarges (ADs) in control animals resulted in a progressive increase of the duration of ADs in both age groups. Dizocilpine (MK-801) injected after the first afterdischarge suppressed this prolongation in 12-day-old rats only. Hypobaric hypoxia (simulated altitude of 9000 m for one hour) led to a marked prolongation of the first afterdischarge in both age groups with a tendency to shorter ADs after repeated stimulations. Dizocilpine potentiated this tendency in 12-day-old rat pups so that it became statistically significant. Administration of dizocilpine before hypoxia prevented the increase in duration of the first afterdischarge in both age groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Kainic acid increases activity only of some cortical neurons in the rat.

The influence of a subconvulsant dose of kainic acid (KA) on the activity of neurons was studied in the sensorimotor cortical area of urethane-anesthetized rats. A total of 41 neurons was recorded, 38 of these in layer V (probably pyramidal cells). The activity of 18 neurons was recorded before as well as more than 30 min after KA administration (6 mg/kg i.p.). Nine out of these 18 neurons increased their firing rate significantly even 20 min after KA injection, whereas the remaining neurons did not change their activity. Altogether, the increase in the firing rate was significant. KA was found to enhance markedly the firing rate of a part of cortical neurons at very early stages of its action.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1999

Midazolam suppresses spike-and-wave rhythm accompanying three different models of epileptic seizures.

The action of a water-soluble benzodiazepine midazolam (0.1 and 1 mg/kg i.p.) was tested against three models of spike-and-wave rhythm in rats: rhythmic metrazol activity (a model of human absence seizures), minimal metrazol seizures, and epileptic afterdischarges induced by low-frequency cortical stimulation (probably models of human myoclonic seizures). Midazolam was able to reduce spike-and-wave activity in all three models, but there were quantitative differences: the lower dose was effective only against rhythmic metrazol activity, but its action against two other models was negligible, whereas the higher dose of midazolam resulted in significant effects in all three models. These quantitative differences are not sufficient to prove our hypothesis that the spike-and-wave rhythm represents different phenomena in various models. A spread of epileptic activity into brain structures other than the thalamocortical system determines the type of epileptic seizures.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Antipentylenetetrazol action of clobazam in developing rats.

Clobazam (0.5 to 7.5 mg/kg i.p.) was tested against motor seizures elicited by pentylenetetrazol in rats 7, 12, 18, 25 and 90 days old. Minimal, predominantly clonic seizures with preserved righting ability were reliably induced by pentylenetetrazol and suppressed by clobazam in rats aged 18 days or more. The incidence of minimal seizures after clobazam pretreatment was not increased in 7- and 12-day-old rat pups. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures were markedly suppressed by clobazam in all age groups. In 18-day-old and older animals clobazam doses suppressing generalized seizures were always lower than those necessary for exerting an effect on minimal seizures. The differences in clobazam action appearing at various levels of maturation are only quantitative.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Effects of NNC 711, a GABA uptake inhibitor, on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in developing and adult rats.

The anticonvulsant action of NNC 711 [(1-(2-((diphenylmethylene) amino) oxy) ethyl)-1,2,4,6-tetrahydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride], an inhibitor of the GABA transporter GAT-1, was studied in a model of pentylenetetrazol-induced motor seizures in rats 7, 12, 18, 25, and 90 days old. NNC 711 at doses of 0.25-20 mg/kg i.p. exhibited two effects in rat pups: a suppression of minimal clonic seizures in age groups in which this type of seizure could be reliably elicited (i.e. in rats aged 18 and 25 days); and a specific suppression or restriction of the tonic phase of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) expressed in 18- and especially 12-day-old rats. Effects of NNC 711 on GTCS in 7- and 25-day-old rats were irregular. Adult (i.e. 90-day-old) animals exhibited abolition of generalized tonic-clonic seizures; minimal clonic seizures were suppressed only after substantially higher doses. The abolition of minimal seizures by doses too low to influence generalized tonic-clonic seizures as observed in rat pups is unique among antiepileptic drugs. In addition, an EEG study in rat pups demonstrated dissociation of EEG signs and motor seizures in some animals.

Aging↗
PubMed1998

A woman with five consecutive fetal deaths: case report and retrospective analysis of hyperhomocysteinemia prevalence in 100 consecutive women with recurrent miscarriages.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the medical relevance of hyperhomocysteinemia in women with primary recurrent miscarriages. DESIGN: Case report and retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING: Hematology outpatient department of a university hospital. PATIENT(S): Case report concerning a woman with five consecutive fetal losses. One hundred consecutive women with primary recurrent unexplained miscarriages (study group) and matched healthy controls (control group) with no antecedent fetal loss. INTERVENTION(S): Venous blood sample collection in resting individuals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Plasma total homocysteine concentrations, plasma folate concentrations, and DNA analysis for the C677T mutation of the 5,10 methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase gene. Normal threshold homocysteine concentration was obtained from values found in the control group (95th percentile). RESULT(S): The case patient was hyperhomocysteinemic, was homozygous for the C677T mutation in the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase gene, and had plasma folate deficiency. Folic acid and pyridoxine administration normalized the homocysteine concentration and favored a successful pregnancy. In the retrospective study, 12 of 100 patients were hyperhomocysteinemic. Twenty percent had the C677T methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase genotype and 15% had low plasma folate concentrations. The highest values of homocysteine concentration were found in patients with both the C677T genotype and folate deficiency. CONCLUSION(S): Hyperhomocysteinemia should be identified in women with recurrent miscarriages because therapeutic normalization might permit a normal birth.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1998

Ontogeny of ethosuximide action against two seizure models in rats is different.

Action of ethosuximide (ESI) against two types of experimental seizures elicited by systemic administration of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and characterized by spike-and-wave activity in the EEG was studied in immature rats 18 and 25 days old, i.e. in such age groups where these age-dependent seizures could be reliably induced. Pretreatment with ESI in doses of 62.5 and 125 mg/kg i.p. suppressed episodes of spike-and-wave rhythm (rhythmic metrazol activity) elicited by a 40-mg/kg dose of PTZ in both age groups in a dose-dependent manner. Minimal metrazol seizures induced by higher dose of PTZ (70 mg/kg i.p.) were similarly suppressed by ESI in 25-day-old rats only. In 18-day-old animals ESI did not exhibit an anticonvulsant effect. These results speak against the adequacy of minimal metrazol seizures as a model of human absences. In addition, different development of ESI action against two types of experimental seizures suggests a possibility that there is more than one mechanism of action of ESI.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1998

Qualitative changes of anticonvulsant action of felbamate during development in rats.

The anticonvulsant action of felbamate (25, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg i.p.) was tested against motor seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol in five age-groups of rats (7, 12, 18, 25 and 90 days old). In adult rats, felbamate suppressed generalized tonic-clonic seizures leaving intact minimal clonic seizures. In all groups of rat pups felbamate exhibited a specific action against the tonic phase of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. In addition, the highest dose of felbamate was found to suppress minimal seizures in 18-day-old rats. The changes of felbamate action during ontogeny might be due to multiple mechanisms of anticonvulsant action with an uneven developmental profile.

Aging↗
PubMed1998

Effect of a subconvulsant dose of kainic acid on thresholds for phenomena elicited by electrical stimulation of sensorimotor cortex in rats.

Electrical stimulation of sensorimotor cortex was used to study early and late effects of administration of kainic acid in a dose (6 mg/kg i.p.) eliciting only nonconvulsive seizures in rats. Thresholds for elicitation of four phenomena--movements directly related to stimulation; epileptic afterdischarges (ADs) of the spike-and-wave type; clonic seizures accompanying these ADs; and mixed type of ADs where spike-and-wave activity transgresses into limbic type of epileptic phenomena--were measured. Acute administration of kainic acid resulted in a decrease of the threshold for elicitation of mixed type of ADs. In contrast, 1 week after kainic acid administration, the thresholds for stimulation-bound movements, spike-and-wave ADs and concomitant clonic seizures were increased, but the threshold for mixed type of ADs remained unchanged. The changes in thresholds tended to decrease 2 weeks after kainic acid but statistical significance was reached only for stimulus-bound movements. In addition, repetition of stimulation series after 1 as well as 2 weeks markedly influenced the thresholds.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Pallister-Killian syndrome [i(12p)]: first pre-natal diagnosis using cordocentesis in the second trimester confirmed by in situ hybridization.

Pallister Killian syndrome (PKS) is the most frequent form of partial autosomal tetrasomy 12p in humans. Sufferers have a mosaic of isochromosome 12p [i(12p)]. We report the first pre-natal diagnosis on fetal blood cells after cordocentesis during the second trimester. The extra chromosome was first diagnosed by in situ hybridization. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to count the interphase and/or metaphase cells containing the isochromosome. A review of the literature identified 27 other reports of PKS diagnosed pre-natally. We showed that the most consistent pre-natal ultrasound findings include hypertelorism, broad neck, shorts limbs, abnormal hands or feet, diaphragmatic hernia and hydramnios. Recognition of this congenital malformation pattern pre-natally may allow utilization of FISH.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Anticonvulsant action of a NMDA receptor antagonist CGP 40116 varies only quantitatively during ontogeny in rats.

Anticonvulsant action of CGP 40116, a competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate type of excitatory amino acid receptors, was studied in rats during development (7, 12, 18, 25 and 90 days old). Two types of motor seizures were elicited by a subcutaneous injection of pentylenetetrazol. Pretreatment with CGP 40116 did not influence minimal, predominantly clonic seizures in any age group. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures were at first modified--their tonic phase was restricted to forelimbs, then selectively suppressed--and with increasing dosage the clonic phase was blocked too. This effect exhibited only minor quantitative changes during development.

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate↗
PubMed1998

Age-dependent phenytoin effects on cortical stimulation in rats.

The effects of phenytoin on threshold intensities of stimulation were studied in cortical epileptic afterdischarges (ADs) in 12-day-old and adult rats with implanted electrodes. Stimulation of the sensorimotor cortical area induced movements directly related to the stimulation as well as EEG afterdischarges (ADs) of the spike-and-wave type and of the limbic type. Rat pups exhibited lower thresholds for stimulation-bound movements and spike-and-wave ADs than adult animals. On the contrary, the limbic type of ADs was elicited with lower current intensity in adult than in immature rats. Phenytoin increased the threshold for stimulation-related movements only in adult rats, whereas threshold intensities for spike-and-wave ADs were increased and thresholds for limbic type of ADs remained uninfluenced in both age groups. The age-dependent effect on stimulation-related movements might be due to a maturation of connectivity in the motor system or to developmental changes in the voltage-gated sodium channels as the main target of phenytoin action.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Sacral reflex latency correlated by age and sex.

This prospective study was undertaken on 190 subjects who had no prior central or peripheral nerve supply pathology and where the value of the sacral reflex latency was compared by age and sex in order to determine precise norms. There were 90 men whose age averaged 56.9 +/- 13 years and 100 women with an average age of 54 +/- 13.1. The reflex was obtained by stimulating the dorsal nerve of the penis and the clitoris and taking a reading in the intermediate part of the external anal sphincter muscle. An averaging technique was used (over 30 stimulation occurrences). The average intensity of the stimulation was 15 mA. The value of the stimulus reaction latency taken at the positive peak was analyzed statistically. The average value was 37.6 +/- 5.36 ms in male subjects and 46.6 +/- 8.08 in female subjects. In men, values varied from 36.6 +/- 4.26 ms at under 35 years of age and reached 42 +/- 3.52 ms at over 75 years. In women, values varied from 37.33 +/- 7.69 ms at under 35 years to 55.6 +/- 4.39 ms at over 75 years of age. In a previous article we discussed ageing features in nerves and muscles. These features are largely responsible for the occurrence of static pelvic problems. The purpose of this study is to compare the sacral reflex latency by sex and age in normal subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Clobazam exerts an anticonvulsant action in immature rats.

The anticonvulsant action of 1,5-benzodiazepine clobazam was studied in 12-, 18-, and 25-day-old rats. Cortical epileptic afterdischarges (ADs) elicited by rhythmic electrical stimulation of the sensorimotor cortical area were used as a model in animals with implanted electrodes. As far as the duration of ADs is concerned, clobazam in doses of 1 or 5 mg/kg i.p. blocked the progressive increase with repeated stimulations in all age groups and the higher dose significantly shortened ADs in 25-day-old rats. The intensity of movements accompanying stimulation was decreased only by the 5 mg/kg dose in 25-day-old animals, whereas clonic seizures were less intense after both doses in 12- and 25-day-old rat pups. Clobazam exerted an anticonvulsant action at all the developmental stages studied; the lower efficacy in 18-day-old rats (described also for clonazepam) remains to be analyzed.

Aging↗