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Biomedical subjects

P Marckmann

Publications and source records attributed to P Marckmann.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The effect of ephedrine plus caffeine on plasma lipids and lipoproteins during a 4.2 MJ/day diet.

The effect of treatment with a combination of ephedrine and caffeine during eight weeks' energy restriction (4.2 MJ/day) on the fasting plasma lipid profile was studied in obese women. Thirty-two women were randomly assigned to either ephedrine 20 mg plus caffeine 200 mg (EC) or placebo three times per day. Weight loss (7.8 +/- 0.63 kg) and loss of fat mass (6.2 +/- 0.49 kg) did not differ significantly between the two groups. Total cholesterol concentration declined from baseline to week 8 (0.58 +/- 0.13 mmol/l) with no significant difference between the two groups. HDL-cholesterol concentration was decreased by 0.14 +/- 0.03 mmol/l at week 4 and week 8 in the placebo group (P < 0.05) but remained unchanged in the EC group. No effect of dieting was seen on plasma triglyceride concentration in the placebo group but a decrease was observed in the EC group at week 8. It is suggested that EC combinations abolish the decline in HDL-cholesterol during active weight loss due to the beta-agonistic properties of ephedrine.

Body Composition↗
PubMed1994

Fat from fish oil?

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dietary Fats, Unsaturated↗
PubMed1993

Dietary effects on circadian fluctuation in human blood coagulation factor VII and fibrinolysis.

Six healthy male volunteers were served 4 strictly controlled isoenergetic diets differing in fat (20% or 50% of energy) and fiber contents (2 or 4 g/MJ) for periods of 2 days. The diets were served in random order with at least 5 days separating each diet period. Blood samples for determination of factor VII clotting activity using human (FVIIc) and bovine thromboplastin (FVIIbt), and for assessment of factor VII antigen (FVIIag), tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen, PAI activity, t-PA and euglobulin fibrinolytic activity, and triglyceride and insulin levels were collected regularly on the second day of each diet period. The high-fat diets resulted in significantly increased postprandial FVIIbt levels (peak values: 131% vs. 95%, P < 0.01), and higher postprandial FVIIbt/FVIIag ratios (peak values: 1.42 vs. 1.16, P < 0.01) compared with the low-fat diets. Fibrinolytic variables were not affected by the dietary changes and consistently showed characteristic U-shaped (t-PA and PAI-1 antigen, PAI activity), or inverted U-shaped (t-PA and euglobulin fibrinolytic activity) circadian patterns with troughs and peaks, respectively, at 17:30-21:30 h. The dietary fiber content had no significant influence on any of the measured variables. Our findings indicate that high-fat diets may increase blood thrombogenicity by virtue of augmented postprandial activation of factor VII.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Favorable long-term effect of a low-fat/high-fiber diet on human blood coagulation and fibrinolysis.

In an 8-month strictly controlled dietary study of 16 healthy young men, the long-term effect of a low-fat (26% of energy) high-fiber (4.5 g/MJ) diet on cardiovascular risk markers of the hemostatic system was assessed. Fasting blood sampling was performed during a 4-week baseline period and then monthly during the intervention. A matched control group of 16 men on habitual diets was also monitored. Median fibrinolytic activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in plasma was significantly elevated (twofold to fourfold) by the experimental diet. A significant increase in the systemic fibrinolytic activity of the euglobulin fraction of plasma was also observed. Median plasma factor VII coagulant activity (F VIIc) was depressed by 5-10% during the first 2 months and the last month of the study period. The dietary change did not significantly affect plasma levels of fibrinogen, t-PA antigen, or plasminogen activator inhibitor type I antigen. In conclusion, young men who were switched from a typical Danish diet high in saturated fat to a low-fat/high-fiber diet showed a permanent increase in plasma fibrinolytic activity and a biphasic decrease in F VIIc. The dietary change thus had a favorable effect on cardiovascular risk markers of the hemostatic system.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Should I also eat fish oils? A critical assessment of the use of fish oils in the prevention of ischemic heart disease].

The effect of a daily dietary supplement of 6 g fish oil (3.4 g eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid) on body weight, blood pressure, bleeding time and blood lipids was assessed in an open trial. The fish oil was taken for four weeks by nine 30-55 year-old individuals. An age- and sex-matched control group took equivalent amounts of safflower oil, which has an overall fatty acid composition similar to the tested fish oil. The fish oil supplement caused significant changes in body weight (median: +0.9 kg), systolic blood pressure (-10 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (-5 mmHg), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration (+0.21 mmol/l), whereas serum triglycerides decreased insignificantly (-0.25 mmol/l). Low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration were not affected. We observed no changes in the control group. In the discussion, it is underlined that fish oil supplementation may affect some risk markers of ischemic heart disease favourably. However, other important risk markers, including LDL cholesterol, are unaffected or unfavourably affected by fish oils. A more uni-directional reduction in risk can be attained by a change in dietary habits, which should be preferable to a fish oil supplement in the general population. Individuals who show critically low HDL/total cholesterol ratios, who are hypertriglyceridemic, or are mildly hypertensive may, however, benefit from a fish oil supplement of the amount tested here.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The variability of and associations between measures of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and blood lipids.

Hemostatic variables are increasingly recognized as atherothrombotic risk markers and their susceptibility to lifestyle changes has therefore considerable interest. To study this subject knowledge of the spontaneous variability of measures of coagulation and fibrinolysis is required. We monitored 17 young male adults with constant lifestyles for a year and here present characteristics of the observed variability of factor VII coagulant activity (F VIIc), fibrinogen, fibrinolytic variables and blood lipids. The variables differed considerably with regard to total variability (range of CV (%): 13-54) and with respect to relative size of the inter- and intrapersonal components of variation. None of the variables showed seasonal changes of biological significance. Descriptive statistics of the same variables measured in 74 young healthy adults (19 women, 55 men) are also reported. These values may be used as a reference for comparable groups of individuals. Serum triglycerides were significantly associated with F VIIc (Spearman's Rs = 0.24, P < 0.05) and plasma concentrations fo the plasminogen activator inhibitor type I (Spearman's RS = 0.23, P = 0.05). An increased thrombotic tendency with elevated triglyceride levels was thus indicated. Serum cholesterol was not associated with hemostatic variables, except for plasminogen activator activity (Spearman's Rs = 0.31, P < 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Fasting blood coagulation and fibrinolysis of young adults unchanged by reduction in dietary fat content.

Low-fat, high-fiber diets may influence the variables of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis associated with cardiovascular morbidity. Dietary fat content has been suggested as the important determinant. This hypothesis was tested in a strictly controlled dietary study of 13 healthy individuals. They were fed two experimental diets in a 2 x 2-week crossover trial. The diets differed in fat content (39% versus 31% of total energy), whereas the fatty acid composition and the fiber content were virtually identical. We observed no significant differences between diets in terms of fasting plasma levels of factor VII coagulant activity, fibrinogen, euglobulin fibrinolytic activity, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity, t-PA antigen, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) antigen, or PAI activity. Serum levels of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were also unaffected. In conclusion, a moderate reduction in dietary fat intake, at a fixed fatty acid composition and dietary fiber intake, did not significantly influence blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, or blood lipids in the fasting state.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

An eight-month controlled study of a low-fat high-fibre diet: effects on blood lipids and blood pressure in healthy young subjects.

The effects on blood lipids and blood pressure of a diet corresponding to present Nordic Nutrition Recommendations, i.e. less than 30% of energy from fat and with a fibre content exceeding 3 g/MJ, were studied in 18 men and 12 women (mean age, 24 years) under strict dietary control over 8 months. Blood sampling, blood pressure and body weight measurement were performed at four occasions on their habitual diet and once a month during the intervention period. An age-matched control group (17 men, 8 women) was followed with monthly measurements parallel to the intervention group. The habitual diets, assessed by 7-day records, showed an average fat content corresponding to 36% of energy. Initial levels of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol (X +/- SD) were 4.21 +/- 0.61 and 1.23 +/- 0.23 mmol/l for the men in the intervention group; 4.35 +/- 0.79 and 1.21 +/- 0.26 mmol/l for the male controls; 4.61 +/- 0.59 and 1.46 +/- 0.31 mmol/l for the women in the intervention group and 4.48 +/- 0.64 and 1.48 +/- 0.29 mmol/l for the female controls. Significantly decreased levels of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol throughout the experimental period were seen for both sexes in the intervention group. Total cholesterol fell 0.49 mmol/l (95% CI: 0.41-0.56) in the male subjects and 0.49 mmol/l (95% CI: 0.39-0.59) in the female subjects. The fall in HDL cholesterol was 0.16 mmol/l (95% C: 0.13-0.18) and 0.18 mmol/l (95% CI: 0.12-0.23), respectively. Total cholesterol changes were independent of initial values. All subjects were normotensive at the start of the study with an average blood pressure of 122/68 mmHg for men and 112/68 mmHg for the women. Systolic blood pressure dropped gradually and significantly in the male subjects of the intervention group. A minimum of 6 mmHg below initial values was noted after six months of dietary intervention. No significant changes in dietary intake and blood lipids were observed in the control group. Thus, changes of present dietary habits of young healthy Danish subjects to an intake in accordance with the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 1989 will favourably affect suggested risk factors for disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Fish and ischemic heart disease].

The epidemiological, clinical and experimental investigations of fish-enriched diet are reviewed together with the effects of fish oils on the development of ischaemic heart disease. It is emphasized that the results of research hitherto published do not provide proof that a fish-enriched diet per se reduces the risk of ischaemic heart disease in normolipidaemic persons. In conclusion, it is emphasized, however, that fish has a very low content of saturated fat and, for this reason, must be regarded as a foodstuff beneficial for the heart.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1991

Effect of fish diet versus meat diet on blood lipids, coagulation and fibrinolysis in healthy young men.

Twelve healthy young men followed a 10-d controlled diet that included 210 g of fatty fish d-1. The diet was repeated after 18 d, but with lean meat substituted for fish. Blood samples were collected for assessment of serum lipids and haemostatic variables in the plasma. Both experimental diets caused serum triglycerides and plasma factor VIIc to decline to the same extent. The meat diet was also associated with significant changes in plasma levels of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen. PA inhibitor type I (PAI-1) antigen, PAI activity, and t-PA activity of the euglobulin fraction of plasma. The fish diet left these variables unchanged from initial values. Thus, in a paired comparison of the two diets, the fish diet was associated with higher levels of t-PA antigen (5.4 vs. 4.7 g ml-1), which is considered to be beneficial with regard to prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, the fish diet was concurrently associated with the putative unfavourable higher levels of PAI-1 antigen (3.0 vs. 1.2 ng ml-1) and PAI activity (6.1 vs. 3.2 IU ml-1), and lower t-PA activity (80 vs. 140 mIU ml-1). Thus it is unclear which of the two diets has the greatest potential in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A longitudinal study of the nutritional status of chronic dialysis patients].

A longitudinal investigation was undertaken to follow the nutritional status of 30 patients receiving chronic dialysis (19 patients in haemodialysis and 11 patients receiving continuous outpatient peritoneal dialysis) over a period of 14 months. A significant decrease in serum transferrin from 28 mumols/litre to 25 mumols/litre was registered (Pratt's test 0.01 less than p less than 0.05) while three other nutritional parameters (Relative Body Weight (RBW), Triceps Skin Fold (TSF) and Mid-Arm Muscle Circumference (MAMC)) did not alter significantly. Employment of a nutritional scoring system revealed that the incidence and degree of malnutrition were unchanged during the period concerned. It is concluded that conventional dialysis therapy with a relatively liberal diet does not appear to result in improvement in the nutritional status of the dialysis patients and that prevention of malnutrition in patients with chronic renal insufficiency must receive high priority.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The diet of dialysis patients determined by 7-day food records].

To evaluate whether dietary counselling given to dialysis patients at initiation of dialysis therapy ensures adequate intakes of nutrients, a study of the diets of patients in regular dialysis therapy was carried out. Thirty-three patients in regular dialysis (21 patients in hemodialysis--HD, 12 patients in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis--CAPD) made a seven day food-registration (one three day record and one four day record covering all weekdays). The intake of main nutrients was calculated. Low intake of energy and of protein of both groups of patients was the most obvious and important finding. In light of the well-known high frequency of protein-energy malnutrition in patients on regular dialysis, it is concluded that new dietetic approaches to dialysis patients are needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of total fat content and fatty acid composition in diet on factor VII coagulant activity and blood lipids.

In a strictly controlled cross-over study (twice 2 weeks) of 11 healthy adults, the effects of a low-fat diet (32% of total energy from fat) with a low or a high ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (0.28 and 0.89, respectively) were observed. Factor VII activity and antigen levels, serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. Factor VII activity was determined in clotting assays using human and bovine thromboplastin (interacting primarily with activated factor VII, F VIIa), allowing differentiation between F VIIc and F VIIa. A significant decrease of F VII levels (median 11.0-14.5%, P less than 0.05) and triglycerides (median 0.22-0.27 mmol/l, P less than 0.05) was observed on both diets, while only the highly unsaturated diet reduced serum cholesterol levels (median 0.65 mmol/l, P less than 0.001). There were no significant correlations between changes in blood lipids and F VIIc. Low fat diets may reduce the risk for ischemic heart disease without lowering of cholesterol levels by eliminating states of hypercoagulability such as elevated factor VII coagulant activity.

Adult↗