[Topology and psychiatry. From reductionism to the restructuring of knowledge].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P Marchais.
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The topic intuition can be approached efficiently by introspective studies based on the systemal method and intersubjectivity with a language structured logically. Thus it is possible to provide a general model of intuition. This model is formed from three subsets: descriptive, dynamic and structural. It can be progressively corrected, refined and enriched. Its value grows with reciprocal and successive validations by different observers. Its consequences and applications in psychopathology are discussed.
Language is intimately linked with knowledge. In psychiatry it is initially focused upon the patient and proves to be a natural language. When the studies are extended to the social environment, the use of statistics and more general properties orientates it towards logico-mathematical abstractions. Finally in order to respect the singular and universal aspect of the mentally sick person, the logical operations are integrated within the discourse. It is the case especially for the systemal method, for interdisciplinary studies and retroactive study of the observer's own ways of thinking. In this way it is eventually possible to extract organic laws. In conclusion psychiatric language proves to be an instrument of communication for the person, within himself and with the outer world, taking the shape of a wider and wider spiral, better and better expressing phenomena with singular et universal meanings.
Practice in an open hospital and liberal milieu, collocated with contemporary scientific findings, has admitted the elaboration, during thirty years, of a new form of psychiatry. This "systemal psychiatry" has been described in thirteen works successively integrated and in many French and foreign publications. Its principle characteristics are; basis, formation and emergence, production, ways of research and meaning. Since it is directly derived from the experience of the patient, its interdisciplinary origin and its permanent openness contribute to the integration of man with his physico-biopsycho-sociocultural universe, and of its methods of analogy with a more open rationality. Because of this the systemal psychiatry is productive, particularly in research.
The study of the processes of self-regulation and defense may serve as an example illustrating the interdisciplinary research in psychiatry. Belying on the topography of mental disturbance as described by the systemal method, this study can profit from the findings of animal ethology and oceanographyt++ and thus conceive of the diversity and integration of the defense mechanisms of living systems beloging to different levels in the hierarchy of species. These insights may contribute to a refinement of the analysis of the human defense mechanisms met in psychiatry. As an example of this an analysis of phobic avoidance is related.
The growing volume of available scientific information gives an incitement to extract general features, which may open new horizons for certain disciplines. A Center for reflections of this kind has been created in Roskilde (Denmark). Its originality consists in uniting "without walls" research workers with various backgrounds and in having branches in different countries. Its realization, advantages, inconveniences and projects are related and discussed.