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Biomedical subjects

P Marchais

Publications and source records attributed to P Marchais.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Systematic psychiatry or 35 years of hospital clinical research].

In an ere in which man is beginning to master and make his way into the various systems which surround him (atom, cosmic exploration, organ transplant, genetic manipulations...), a clinical practice which would remain centered on the various forms and apparent characteristics of psychic dysfunctioning, has become anachronical. Since 35 years, the author has been trying to introduce gradually within psychiatry, specific processes which would confer to it more scientific status. The disentanglement from traditional clinical practice, made easier by the fact of working in the open department of a general hospital as well as the perfecting of an adequate method structurating observation with modern logical-mathematic notions, enabled him to elaborate a new clinical psychiatry, open to present techniques and more strict interdisciplinary research. The chronological account of the steps which have been taken allows a simplified synthesis of this new psychiatry.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

[Psychiatry and interdisciplinary research. Value of a systems approach].

Interdisciplinary research is particularly difficult, because of the different frames of reference used in the individual disciplines. Psychiatry by itself show already the complexity of the current methodological situation. A fundamental epistemological problem is posed by the unity and uniqueness of the patient as opposed to the multiple-faceted traits and experiences presented to the observer. The authors show the utility of the systems concept for solution of these difficulties. They depict the characteristics of "the systemal method", the way it is employed and its many applications in the clinic as well as in pharmacology, neurochemistry, neurophysiology and ethology. The systemal approach allows comparison and integration of data and results from various disciplines by means of the concepts "homology" and "isomorphism", and may thus contribute to progress in the study of biological psychiatry. It also makes it possible to regard the organism as an ensemble of sub-systems in interaction with its environment. Finally, because of its logicomathematical foundation, the systemal approach lends itself readily to application of computer techniques.

Ethology↗
PubMed1984

[What should epistemology contribute to psychiatry in the era of interdisciplinary research ?].

The author shows it is necessary to perform a critical and logical study of the sciences in order to understand better the origin and the development of the multiple aspects of psychiatry. He introduces the work of a philosopher of science, Pr L.-J. Delpech, who points out the rupture between classical and contemporary scientific thinking in an article on "The new epistemologies". P. Marchias recalls that some of them have played an important role in his own work. They have permitted him to renew his mode of observation and to found a new effective method for organizing his knowledge and his daily clinical activities. Thus he can testify the theoretical and practical effects of epistemology in psychiatry.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

[Psychotherapy and epistemology].

The different psychotherapic methods and technics which appeared during psychiatric history incite us to consider their connections with the prevailing ways of thinking of human knowledge, namely the mythical and rational ones, for the latter condition not only this knowledge, but also the human relationships and interrelations with the cultural environment. Starting from an original mythical and religious orientation, psychotherapy evolved towards a more rational orientation still stamped with magic, as hypnosis shows it. Then, after some regressions, it developed until it settled in two opposite empirical trends: one still mainly mythical, the other more objective and critical aiming at being more rational and experimental. Nowadays, new researchers show that the contribution of predominantly mythical trends can be admitted by a modern scientific orientation, liable to integrate it in a larger and more rigorous rational knowledge, while coming nearer to ethic preoccupations. Thus, it is possible to underline the relative value of any psychotherapy and envisage even the creation of new methods and technics.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

[Towards the end of Kraepelin era?].

The kraepelinian conception which still prevails in contemporary psychiatry no longer allows us to express all the diversity of observed mental disorders. Moreover, some classical resistances and innovations had foreshadowed the necessity of its renewal. Nowadays the quantitative studies using statistics and the computer, as well as the application of scientific theories to the qualitative aspect of disorders have until now failed in improving the situation. However the theory of communication, cybernetic, the general system theory have shown the possibility of seeing mental disorders as dysfunction of systems. Likewise a new method of operatory observation has permitted to result in an integrated system of permanently open functional models. Moreover the transformations of the disorders among some patients lead to evoke the abstract notion of psychopathologic continuum. The latter allows to view mental pathology, no longer as syndromes and entities, but as functional disorders of a same psychodynamic whole. Consequently, the disorders are the evidence of dysregulations of various mental organizations and the result of a dysfunction in the integration of the latter. Their expression in terms of integrated functional models better shows their diversity, polymorphism, and mobility. What is at stake in such a debate is not only theoretic but also practical and therapeutical.

Adult↗