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Biomedical subjects

P Malmberg

Publications and source records attributed to P Malmberg.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the exercise electrocardiogram in assessing the degree of coronary heart disease.

Exercise-induced changes in the ST segments of the electrocardiogram were compared with the results of coronary arteriography in 73 consecutive patients referred for preoperative evaluation of coronary artery disease. Eighteen patients had single-, 25 double-, and 30 triple-vessel disease. Thirteen were taking digitalis alone, 28 were taking beta blockers alone, 21 had beta blockers and digitalis and 11 had no cardiac drugs. Exercise induced elevation of the ST segment in 11 patients, all with a predominant lesion in the left anterior descending coronary artery. ST depression with an upsloping ST segment was observed in patients with one-, two-, and three-vessel disease and it was the most common type of ST change in patients with single-vessel disease. Horizontal ST depression was most common in two-vessel disease and downsloping ST segment in three-vessel disease. There was a good correlation between the number of stenosed vessels and ST changes caused by exercise, expressed as the sum of ST segment displacements in twelve leads recorded immediately after the end of exercise (sigma/ST/) or as ST depression per unit increase in heart rate during exercise ("m" (ST/HR]. The latter was obtained by linear regression of ST displacement and heart rate measured at three or four different workloads in the lead with the greatest displacement of the ST segment. The mean values of sigma/ST/ were 0.58 +- 0.030 mV in single-vessel, 0.97 +- 0.41 mV in double-vessel and 1.58 +- 0. 46 mV in triple-vessel disease. The mean values of "m" (ST/HR) were 0.0024 +- 0.0013 mV X min-1 X beat-1 in single-vessel, 0.0042 +- 0.0012 in double-vessel, and 0.0078 +- 0.0033 in triple-vessel disease. These differences were highly significant (p less than 0.01 - 0.001) and there was only minimal overlap between the single- and triple-vessel groups. Digitalis caused a slight (statistically nonsignificant) increase in sigma/ST/ but not in "m" (ST/HR).

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1985

Exposure to microorganisms, febrile and airway-obstructive symptoms, immune status and lung function of Swedish farmers.

A questionnaire was sent to 512 farmers, members of a local farmer's health association. Eighty were interviewed, and their serum precipitins and total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) values were determined. Forty-five underwent extensive pulmonary function tests. On the basis of the clinical evaluation it was estimated that 19% of the farmers had experienced febrile reactions (fever and/or shivering) following exposure to organic dust, 50% of the 19% having been exposed within the last 2.5 years. Common causes were moldy grain, hay, and woodchips. The pulmonary function, gas exchange, and chest radiographs of those who had previously had febrile reactions were normal. Only 13% showed positive precipitin reactions in Ouchterlony double-diffusion tests. With more sensitive tests, positive precipitins were found in 59%, but they were negatively correlated with febrile episodes. Air samples collected during work with hay and grain on 21 farms contained between 10(7) to 2 X 10(9) microorganisms/m3. The highest values were associated with symptoms of alveolitis. Eleven percent of the farmers reported obstructive chest symptoms following exposure to organic dust. This group showed decreased pulmonary function and elevated serum IgE levels and included a high proportion of smokers and exsmokers. No correlation was found between febrile and obstructive reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Prevalence of primary T-wave changes in young men and their relationship to psychological and anthropometric data.

The T wave in leads II, V4, and V6 in the electrocardiograms of 1,401 consecutively entering 18-year-old male conscripts at a military processing center in 1975 were classified, and the relationship between the frequency of the T-wave changes relative to the psychosocial and medical data of the subjects was examined. One percent of the conscripts had a negative T in one or more of these leads, and twelve percent showed some deviation from the "normal T," usually a T wave of less than ten percent of the R-wave amplitude. A common finding was the presence of a "notch" in the T wave of lad V4 (a negative deflection in the middle of a positive T wave). Those with T-wave changes showed the same incidence of signs and history of heart disease as those with a normal T. However, those with an abnormal T showed higher heart rate and systolic blood pressure at rest. Further, they had more nervous symptoms and a higher consumption of alcohol and tranquilizers. These findings were as common in the larger group of flat T waves as in the smaller group with T-wave changes of the type normally attributed to organic heart disease (i.e., having notched, or more or less inverted T waves without ST depression). The maximal work capacity and vital capacity were slightly lower in subjects with abnormal T waves. However, this was fully explained by lesser height. It is suggested that in the majority of these cases, T-wave changes in young adults are due to increased sympathetic tone rather than to organic heart disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Reference values for respiratory function tests in males: prediction formulas with tobacco smoking parameters.

Prediction equations for respiratory function tests were obtained by multiple regression of data from 263 healthy males. The material was evenly distributed in the ages 20-70 years, about one third each of non-smokers, smokers and ex-smokers. Measurements were done of lung volumes (with body plethysmograph), airways resistance, ventilatory capacity including flow-volume registration, gas distribution and closing volume, transfer factor and static elastic recoil pressures of the lung with calculation of static compliance. The parameters age, height, weight, years of tobacco smoking and grams of tobacco smoked each day showed significant correlation with the outcome of the test in most of the respiratory function tests. Therefore a set of basic regression equations including these parameters were calculated. In addition an 'extended' set of equations was calculated for prediction of some tests with inclusion of nonlinear terms and the parameter 'years of abstinence from smoking.' The reduction in variance which followed inclusion of tested parameters was moderate (20-69%). There were significant differences between results of the present study and several previously published regression formulas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Cyclofenil versus placebo in progressive systemic sclerosis. A one-year double-blind crossover study of 27 patients.

Cyclofenil was evaluated versus placebo in the treatment of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS, scleroderma) in a 2 x 6-month double-blind crossover study. The mean duration of disease was six years. Of 38 patients entering the study, 27 completed both periods. Reasons for drop-outs were very high liver transaminases in three cases, cardiac death in two, and drug allergy, alcoholic problems, suspected congestive heart failure, reactivation of tuberculosis, arteriosclerotic heart disease, and lethal progression of PSS in one case each. No fatality was attributed to cyclofenil. Liver enzyme abnormalities were seen in 13 of 35 active drug periods and in 5 of 30 placebo periods. Cutaneous and visceral involvement were assessed by a large battery of subjective parameters and objective tests. Overall improvement was seen during 17 drug periods and nine placebo periods (N.S.), but a paired comparison of the status at the end of each treatment period resulted in the following distribution: 15 were improved at the end of the drug period, four at the end of placebo period (p less than 0.01) and eight were unchanged. In patients with a disease duration of five years or less, joint stiffness and pain were less on drug than on placebo treatment (p less than 0.05). In the whole group, oesophageal peristalsis improved (p less than 0.05). Blood folate increased (p less than 0.01). Working capacity was lower after the drug period than after the placebo period (p less than 0.05). Several other parameters, however, did not change significantly. Cyclofenil appears to be a promising drug in the treatment of PSS and should be tested further in controlled long-term studies.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1981

Increased lung stiffness of persons with pleural plaques.

Forty-five men with asbestos-related pleural plaques detected at a health screening centre were investigated with measurement of lung volumes, airways resistance, ventilatory capacity, transfer factor, gas distribution, closing volume and static recoil pressures of the lung. The men were subjectively healthy, had confirmed exposure to asbestos and had normal chest radiograms apart from the presence of pleural plaques. Most of the men had been exposed to small or moderate amounts of asbestos with a mean duration of 39 years since first exposure. Sixty-seven per cent of the men were smokers or ex-smokers. The lung function was evaluated using regression formulas which included smoking variables. The results clearly demonstrate the presence of lung parenchymal involvement with increased stiffness of the lungs and decreased lung volumes. The change in elastic recoil pressure of the lungs, in total lung capacity and residual volume show significant correlation with measures of asbestos exposure and extent of pleural changes. No synergistic effects between tobacco smoking and asbestos exposure on lung function could be demonstrated. Measurements of the static elastic lung recoil (Pst(max) and Cst/TLC) and total lung capacity were the most sensitive tests for separating the pleural plaque carriers from the controls.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Effect of epidural versus general anaesthesia on calf blood flow.

The arterial inflow into the calf, venous emptying rate and venous capacity were studied by means of venous occlusion plethysmography on the non-operated leg in two groups of patients undergoing total hip replacement. One group of eight patients received epidural blockade intraoperatively, which was prolonged postoperatively for pain relief, while the other group of eight patients was given general anaesthesia with intermittent positive-pressure ventilation intraoperatively and parenteral analgesics for pain relief in the postoperative period. The calf blood flow and venous capacity were lower in patients receiving general anaesthesia when measured at the end of surgery and significantly lower in this group when measured 3 h postoperatively. The sustained reduction of flow in the deep veins of the lower limb might be a significant contributory factor in the initiation of deep venous thrombosis. In three of the eight patients in the general anaesthesia group, the venous emptying rate and venous capacity had decreased 3 h postoperatively to a very low level, indicating thrombus formation in immediate association with the surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Lipoprotein-lipase activity of human skeletal-muscle and adipose tissue after intensive physical exercise.

Seven young, healthy subjects performed bicycle exercise with a working load leading to exhaustion after one hour of work. The tests were done in the afternoon in the fed state. The serum insulin concentrations decreased from 22 to 4 mU/l and plasma glucagon increased from 241 to 340 pg/l already after 30 min of work. The level of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA) did not fall as had been expected, but increased. The skeletal muscle LPLA was unchanged. The results indicate that during the first hour of heavy exercise the heparin-releasable LPLA in tissues is not influenced by the work induced changes in serum hormone levels.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1975

Pulmonary and circulatory reactions during total hip replacement surgery.

The pulmonary and circulatory reactions to insertion of the acetabular and of the femoral prosthesis were studied during total hip replacement surgery in 22 patients with osteoarthrosis. The patients were given lumbar epidural analgesia and were divided into two groups. One group of 15 awake patients breathed air spontaneously (group A). The other group of seven patinets received additional anaesthesia with controlled ventilation with air (group B). This permitted an evaluation of the influence of the ventilatory pattern on the pulmonary and circulatory reactions to the surgical events. The greatest alterations were observed following impaction of the femoral prosthesis. This event caused the following statistically significant changes in both groups: An increase in total pulmonary venous admixture (from a mean value of 6.8 to 12.2% in group A and from 8.2 to 10.5% in group B) and a decrease in arterial oxygen tension (group A: 80.3 to 71.5 mmHg; group B: 82.6 to 76.9 mmHg); an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (group A: 122 to 155 dyn -s- cm-5; group B: 129 to 164 dyn -s- cm-5) and an increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (group A: 17.3 to 19.0 mmHg; group B: 21.8 to 24.4 mmHg). Furtheremore, within the first 2 min after impaction a distinct transient rise in mean pulmonary arterial pressure by 2-4 mmHg was noted in a few patients, and in many patients the mean systemic arterial pressure decreased by 5 mmHg or more. No significant changes were found in cardiac output, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, oxygen uptake, mixed venous oxygen tension, acid-base values, ratio of total dead space to tidal volume, or total airway resistance. The above findings indicate a tendency to pulmonary vascular and peripheral airway constriction leading to transient ventilation/perfusion disturbances and a decrease in arterial oxygen tension, and peripheral vasodilatation leading to a transient decrease in systemic arterial pressure.

Aged↗