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P Maingon

Publications and source records attributed to P Maingon.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

[Target-volume and critical-organ delineation for conformal radiotherapy of prostate cancer: experience of French dose-escalation trials].

The delineation of target volume and organs at risk depends on the organs definition, and on the modalities for the CT-scan acquisition. Inter-observer variability in the delineation may be large, especially when patient's anatomy is unusual. During the two french multicentric studies of conformal radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer, it was made an effort to harmonize the delineation of the target volumes and organs at risk. Two cases were proposed for delineation during two workshops. In the first case, the mean prostate volume was 46.5 mL (extreme: 31.7-61.3), the mean prostate and seminal vesicles volume was 74.7 mL (extreme: 59.6-80.3), the rectal and bladder walls varied respectively in proportion from 1 to 1.45 and from 1 to 1.16; in the second case, the mean prostate volume was 53.1 mL (extreme: 40.8-73.1), the volume of prostate plus seminal vesicles was 65.1 mL (extreme: 53.2-89), the rectal wall varied proportionally from 1 to 1, 24 and the vesical wall varied from 1 to 1.67. For participating centers to the french studies of dose escalation, a quality control of contours was performed to decrease the inter-observer variability. The ways to reduce the discrepancies of volumes delineation, between different observers, are discussed. A better quality of the CT images, use of urethral opacification, and consensual definition of clinical target volumes and organs at risk may contribute to that improvement.

Adenocarcinoma↗

[Target-volume contours in radiotherapy. General principles].

Target volume delineation remains an important medical step for conformal radiotherapy. In this general presentation are discussed: the main difficulties for evaluation of gross tumor (GTV) and clinical target volume (CTV), the main recommendations for representation according to ICRU 62 report, differences observed during inter-observer volume comparisons.

Humans↗

[Cancer of the rectum: target volumes for preoperative radiotherapy].

Preoperative radiotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced resectable rectal adenocarcinoma. The total mesorectal excision leads to a dramatic increase of local control rate. Thus, the mesorectal space is the usual field for the spread of rectal cancers cells. It could therefore be considered as the clinical target volume (CTV) in the preoperative conformational radiotherapy. From the anatomical basis and radiological contributions, we propose several CTVs for different locations of rectal carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗

[Tumors of the facial sinuses].

Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus carcinomas represent a small number of head and neck tumors (3 to 4%). Their management has been improved by modern imaging techniques to define operative procedures and deliver high-precision radiotherapy. Surgery is one of the most important components of treatment. Postoperative radiotherapy is indicated in all circumstances. A large proportion of patients with unresectable disease must be treated exclusively with radiotherapy. Definition of target volumes should be performed according to the knowledge of the natural outcome of the disease and modern 3D imaging. This is mandatory for treatment planning. Conformal radiotherapy significantly reduces the rate of complications, mainly eye toxicity.

Humans↗

[Clinical target volume for preoperative radiotherapy of rectal cancers].

The total mesorectal excision allows the marked increase of the local control rate in rectal cancer. Therefore, the mesorectal space is the usual field for the spread of rectal cancer cells. It could therefore be considered as the clinical target volume in the preoperative plan by the radiation oncologist. We propose to identify the mesorectum on anatomical structures of a treatment-position CT scan.

Humans↗

[Secondary effects of brachytherapy in the treatment of coronary restenosis].

Brachytherapy is proposed for the treatment or prevention of coronary restenosis with encouraging results, especially in intra-stent restenosis. The results of the first clinical studies show benefit, for example those of the American SCRIPPS trial with a 3 year follow-up. However, recent reports in the literature have described secondary effects associated with this technique: 1) stenoses occurring at the limits of the irradiated segments which are attributed to a proliferative effect of low doses on damaged tissue; 2) late occlusions at the irradiated site: their incidence is estimated at 9% at 6 months. The mechanisms of these thromboses are not understood but delayed re-endothelialisation probably plays a rôle; 3) finally, irradiation is associated with uncovered dissection probably related to delayed healing. Other long-term trials are necessary to provide a more complete assessment of the secondary effects of brachytherapy, especially with regards to their mechanisms, prevention and treatment.

Angioplasty↗

[Multicenter study on dose escalation with conformal and conventional radiotherapy for the treatment of localized prostatic cancer. Preliminary results of tolerance and quality of life].

OBJECTIVE: To study the safety of conformal radiotherapy dose escalation up to 80 Gy for curative treatment of prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A multicentre trial sponsored by the PHRC include 164 patients under the age of 75 years with stage T1b-T3 N0 M0 prostatic adenocarcinoma, between 1995 and 1998. The prostate was treated at 5 dose levels: 18 patients at 66 Gy, 28 at 70 Gy, 49 at 74 Gy, 48 at 78 Gy, 21 at 80 Gy. The acute and delayed toxicity was graded according to a multidisciplinary glossary. Quality of life was evaluated before and one year after treatment using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire and additional questions. RESULTS: 89% and 55% of mild or moderate gastrointestinal and urinary adverse effects were observed during treatment, respectively. At long-term follow-up, of the 162 evaluable patients, 12.3% presented grade 2 adverse effects and 2.5% presented grade 3 adverse effects (1 case of haematuria, 2 urethral strictures, 1 bladder neck lesion) with no significant difference between the various dose levels. Two successive quality of life questionnaires were available for 119 patients: tiredness, pain and dyspnoea increased in parallel, but non-significantly in the groups receiving conventional doses or high doses. The proportion of patients reporting sexual activity without endocrine therapy decreased from 48% before treatment to 35% one year later. The proportion of patients with no clinical or laboratory signs of progression was higher in the high-dose group. CONCLUSION: No significant difference was observed between conventional dose levels and high dose levels in terms of toxicity or quality of life. As the adverse effects were acceptable, a randomized trial comparing 70 Gy and 80 Gy has been initiated.

Adenocarcinoma↗

[Adenocarcinomas of the distal esophagus and gastric cardia: non-surgical management].

Dedicated studies to esophageal carcinomas are few. Surgical excision remains the treatment of choice for localised tumours. External beam radiation therapy could be used alone to obtain a quick palliation and to allow the recovery of normal eating. Currently, combined modality treatment demonstrated better results when compared to radiation alone. Efficiency of combined modality treatment of adenocarcinoma seems equivalent to epidermoid. Numerous phase II studies demonstrated the feasibility of combined radio-chemotherapy in a preoperative setting. However, phases III trials are criticised and actually no definitive conclusion can be drawn. Inclusion of patients with such a tumour should be encouraged.

Adenocarcinoma↗

Dose escalation with 3D-CRT in prostate cancer: French study of dose escalation with conformal 3D radiotherapy in prostate cancer-preliminary results.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of dose escalation in a multi-institutional study in prostate cancer patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between October 1995 and October 1998, 164 patients with localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate were treated with 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy at one of five French institutions. The dose of radiation was escalated from 66 to 80 Gy (ICRU point). The maximum dose to the rectal wall was limited to 75 Gy. RESULTS: Results were compared in two groups, one (group 1) receiving the standard dose (n = 46 patients; 66 to 70 Gy) and the other (group 2) receiving the escalated dose (n = 118 patients; 74 to 80 Gy). There was no difference in the characteristics of patients between the two groups. The mean follow-up time was 32 months in group 1 and 17.5 months in group 2. No statistical difference between the two groups was observed in the incidence of late gastrointestinal and urinary toxicities. The probability of achieving a posttreatment prostate-specific antigen nadir of </=1 ng/mL in the 120 patients who did not receive neoadjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy was significantly higher in the dose-escalation group and was directly related to the dose of radiation given. CONCLUSION: This multi-institutional study demonstrated the feasibility of escalating the dose of radiation to 80 Gy in prostate cancer patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗

Impact on treatment outcome and late effects of customized treatment planning in cervix carcinomas: baseline results to compare new strategies.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to determine the predictive factors of complications, to evaluate the impact of customized treatment planning on late normal tissue effects per stage, and to report disease-free survival (DFS) and local control (LC) rates. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1970 to 1994, 642 patients were treated with radiotherapy alone for carcinoma of the intact uterine cervix. According to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) substaging, 34% were Stage I, 39% Stage II, and 27% Stage III. The analysis was divided into three periods: 1970-1978 (use of standard prescriptions),1979-1984 (implementation of individual adjustments), 1985-1994 (systematic individual adjustments). Five-year DFS, LC, and complications rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Predictive factors of complications were determined by univariate analysis using frequency tables and nonparametric t-tests. Multivariate analysis consisted of a polychotomous stepwise regression. RESULTS: The comparison of the three time periods showed a significant reduction of the external radiation dose (dose above 40 Gy in 47% of patients before 1979 vs. 36% after 1984), of the use of parametrial boost (55% vs. 39%), of the use of vaginal cylinder (28% vs. 11.5%), and of the HWT volume (combined intracavitary and external irradiation) (842 cc vs. 503 cc on average). The total sequelae/complications rate, all toxicity grades, all stages, all organs was 51%. Five-year actuarial rate per toxicity grade was: G1, 42%; G2, 23.5%; G3, 10%; G4, 3%. The three main predictive factors for rectal and bladder sequelae/complications (all toxicity grades) taking into account time period were: the increase of external radiation dose, the high dose rate at reference points, and the whole vagina brachytherapy. No G4 occurred in the third period. The rate of G3 complications dropped from 16% to 6% over time: from 5% during the first period to 0% during the third period in Stage I, from 8% to 6% in Stage II, and from 23% to 12% in Stage III. G3 currently describes a variety of clinical situations with a different impact on quality of life which justifies further refinements of definitions of late effects. In our experience the severity of G3 markedly decreased: less than one-third of G3 had a real impact on quality of life in the last period compared to more than two-thirds in the first period. Meanwhile, 5-year LC rates remained stable in Stages I and II, 91% and 85% respectively. Conversely they fell from 75% to 55% in Stage III, thus raising the problem of underdosage and/or more accurate staging with time. CONCLUSIONS: Customized treatment planning eradicated lethal complications and provided a significant decrease of G3 in all stages while maintaining high cure rates in early stages. Dose reduction should be considered with caution in Stage III.

Actuarial Analysis↗

Preoperative radiochemotherapy in rectal cancer: long-term results of a phase II trial.

PURPOSE: To assess toxicity and long-term results of preoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1989 and 1997, as a phase II study, 66 patients with T3 M0, rectal cancer received preoperatively a 45 Gy dose pelvic radiotherapy (XRT) combined with two 5-day chemotherapy courses (CT) of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Leucovorin (LV) delivered the first and fifth week of XRT. For each CT course, LV:20 mg/m2/d1-d5,. While the 5-FU dose was variable from 450 to 350 mg/m2/d first course and 370 to 350 mg/m2/d second course. Surgery was planned 3 weeks later. RESULTS: XRT-CT was stopped in 1 patient due to progressive disease. CT was stopped in 1 patient due to toxicity. Grades 2 and 3 diarrhea were observed in 8 and 3 patients, respectively. One patient died from acute diarrhea due to deviation from recommendations; 60 patients went to surgery. Among the 58 patients operated on for cure, 5 had an R1-resection. After a 4.5-year median follow-up, the 5-year pelvic disease-free survival was 92% for the whole group and 96% in the R0-resection group. CONCLUSION: Preoperative combined XRT-5-FU-LV is feasible if optimal XRT and patients are carefully managed. The recommended 5-FU daily dose is 350 mg/m2 for both CT courses. This approach is currently tested in a large EORTC phase III trial.

Adult↗

High dose rate brachytherapy for superficial cancer of the esophagus.

PURPOSE: We analyzed our experience with external radiotherapy, combined modality treatment, or HDR brachytherapy alone to limited esophageal cancers. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1991 to 1996, 25 patients with limited superficial esophagus carcinomas were treated by high dose rate brachytherapy. The mean age was 63 years (43-86 years). Five patients showed superficial local recurrence after external radiotherapy. Eleven patients without invasion of the basal membrane were staged as Tis. Fourteen patients with tumors involving the submucosa without spreading to the muscle were staged as T1. Treatment consisted of HDR brachytherapy alone in 13 patients, external radiotherapy and brachytherapy in 8 cases, and concomitant chemo- and radiotherapy in 4 cases. External beam radiation was administered to a total dose of 50 Gy using 2 Gy daily fractions in 5 weeks. In cases of HDR brachytherapy alone (13 patients), 6 applications were performed once a week. RESULTS: The mean follow-up is 31 months (range 24-96 months). Twelve patients received 2 applications and 13 patients received 6 applications. Twelve patients experienced a failure (48%), 11/12 located in the esophagus, all of them in the treated volume. One patient presented an isolated distant metastasis. In the patients treated for superficial recurrence, 4/5 were locally controlled (80%) by brachytherapy alone. After brachytherapy alone, 8/13 patients were controlled (61%). The mean disease-free survival is 14 months (1-36 months). Overall survival is 76% at 1 year, 37% at 2 years, and 14% at 3 years. Overall survival for Tis patients is 24% vs. 20% for T1 (p = 0.83). Overall survival for patients treated by HDR brachytherapy alone is 43%. One patient presented with a fistula with local failure after external radiotherapy and brachytherapy. Four stenosis were registered, two were diagnosed on barium swallowing without symptoms, and two required dilatations. CONCLUSION: High dose rate brachytherapy permits the treating of patients with superficial esophageal cancer with good tolerance. Early tumors, located in the mucosa, might be treated by HDR brachytherapy alone or by a combined modality treatment in which HDR brachytherapy can take place like a boost. This approach may cure localized recurrences.

Adenocarcinoma↗

A survey on staging and treatment in uterine cervical carcinoma in the Radiotherapy Cooperative Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer.

BACKGROUND: The treatment outcome of advanced stage uterine cervical carcinoma remains unsatisfactory. In order to elaborate a novel trial within The Radiotherapy Cooperative Group (RCG) of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), we conducted a survey in 1997-1998 to determine the variability of pre-treatment assessment and treatment options. The variability of choosing surgery, defined radiation therapy techniques and chemotherapy are investigated, as well as the center's choices of future treatment strategies. METHODS: Fifty two of 81 RCG centers from the RCG have participated in the survey. As one would expect, there is a large variation in the techniques used for pretreatment evaluation and treatment options. There is no 'standard' for reporting acute and late side effects. Chemotherapy is used neither systematically nor uniformly, and some centers continue to use neadjuvant chemotherapy modalities. RESULTS: Furthermore, the survey reveals that there is a strong demand for the reduction of overall treatment-time, for clinical investigation of novel combined modality treatment strategies, especially chemo-radiation therapy, and also for the use of new radiation sensitizers. CONCLUSION: We conclude that a more homogeneous approach to the pretreatment evaluation as well as treatment techniques is required in order to allow adequate quality control in any future trial of the RCG in the EORTC.

Brachytherapy↗

Changes in the practice of adjuvant radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer within a French well-defined population.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To assess the use of adjuvant radiotherapy in treating rectal cancers at a population level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1976 to 1996, the influence of the period of diagnosis, sex, age, type of surgical resection, place of surgical resection on the use of radiotherapy was studied. A non-conditional logistic regression was performed to obtain the odds radio for each studied period adjusted for the other variables. RESULTS: The use of adjuvant radiotherapy increased over time from 14.3% in 1976-1978 to 61.7% in 1994-1996 (odds ratio (OR): 28.0 for the 1994-1996 period compared with 1976-1978). It was also influenced by age (OR: 0.26 for patients >74 years compared with those <65 years), type of resection (OR: 3.42 for abdominoperineal resection compared with anterior resection) and place of surgery (OR: 0.39 for non-university hospitals compared with university hospitals). The nature of adjuvant radiotherapy altered over time: most adjuvant radiotherapy being done postoperatively before 1988, then preoperatively subsequently. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial changes have occurred in both the degree of use of adjuvant radiotherapy and in its timing. Some progress is still possible, in particular in older patients and in patients treated in non-university hospitals.

Adult↗

Radiotherapy of advanced mycosis fungoides: indications and results of total skin electron beam and photon beam irradiation.

BACKGROUND: The goals of this retrospective study of advanced mycosis fungoides are (1) to describe the indications of a combination of total skin electron beam and photon beam irradiation and (2) to analyze the results of total body or segmental photon irradiation for patients with extension beyond the skin. METHODS: From January 1975 to December 1995, 45 patients with pathologically-confirmed mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome received a combination of TSEB and photon beam irradiation for advanced disease: 34 males and 11 females, mean age 61 years (range 27-87 years). The mean follow-up was 111 months (range 18-244 months, median 85 months). Whole-skin irradiation treatment to a depth of 3-5 mm with a 6-MeV electron beam was produced by a linear accelerator to a total dose of 24-30 Gy in 8-15 fractions, 3-4 times a week. In cases of thick plaques or tumors that were beyond the scope of low energy electron beams or for treating nodal areas (especially in the head and neck area or axilla involvement), regional irradiation (RRT) with Co-60 photon beams was followed by whole-skin electron beam irradiation (15 patients). In cases of diffuse erythrodermia, Sézary syndrome, nodal or visceral involvement, total body irradiation was delivered with a 25-MV photon beam using a split-course regimen to prevent hematological toxicity (22 patients). The first course consisted of 1.25 Gy delivered in ten fractions and 10 days. Subsequently, patients received TSEB. Four to 6 weeks after TSEB, they received a second course of 1.25 Gy. The cumulative TBI dose ranged from 2.5 to 3 Gy in about 3 months. Hemi-body irradiation (HB) with Co-60 (and a bolus) was given in cases of multiple regional tumors with large and thick infiltration of the skin to a dose of 9-12 Gy (using fractions of 1-1.5 Gy/day) which, once flattened, were boosted with whole-skin electron beam therapy (8 patients). RESULTS: At 3 months, the overall response rate was 75% with 23/45 (51%) patients in complete response and 24% in partial response; one patient had stable lesions and 1 patient presented progressive disease. The overall response rate was 81% for T3 patients, 61% for T4, 79% for N1 and 70% for N3. The complete response rate was 67% for T3 and 28% for T4. Sixty-four percent of N1 patients and 41% of N3 had a complete response. The 5-year actuarial overall survival was 37% for T3 and 44% for T4 (P = 0.84). Patients with clinically abnormal lymph nodes that were pathologically negative (N1) presented a 5-year survival of 63%. Patients with pathologically positive lymph nodes (N3) experienced a 5-year survival rate of 32% (P = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS: TSEB provides an excellent quality of life by reducing itching and discharge from the skin. Patients with more advanced disease may be treated and cured by the addition of photon beams in combination with TSEB. A selection of patients with advanced skin disease and regional extension may be cured by a combination of TSEB and photon beam irradiation. The regional treatment allows the use of electrons after the reduction of the plaques or thick tumors and a prophylactic irradiation of the adjacent nodal area.

Adult↗