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P Mailleux

Publications and source records attributed to P Mailleux.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery: a noninvasive diagnosis.

We present the characteristic imaging findings of hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery (ICA) in two cases, one accompanied by an intracranial aneurysm. Finding of a diffuse luminal narrowing of the ICA on MR angiography or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) could wrongly evoke severe acquired diseases such as dissection or atherosclerosis. Absence of associated wall thickening and flow disturbances on color Doppler sonography (CDS) should suggest carotid hypoplasia. Confirmation of the diagnosis is obtained by CT of the skull showing a small carotid canal. Non-invasive procedures are sufficient to differentiate this rare congenital anomaly from acquired string signs.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Cystic lesion and compression of the posterior epidural space associated with bilateral lumbar spondylolysis. Presentation of a case. Correlation with observable arthrographic images in a case of spondylolysis].

The authors report a compressive cystic lesion of the central lumbar retrodural space, which was related to a bilateral L5 spondylolysis. Correlation is made with the contralateral opacification of the facet joints sometimes observed during contrast injection of these joints. Pathways and possible causes are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Alveolar proteinosis: signs and prognosis using high-resolution computed tomography in 5 patients].

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare idiopathic diffuse airspace disease characterized by intraalveolar accumulation of large quantities of lipoproteinaceous material. The clinical presentation and course are variable and the definite diagnosis is made by biopsy or broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) that also constitutes the unique and empiric treatment. We report the extremely typical HRCT features of the disease found in a series of five patients diagnosed in our institution over a ten-year period. The HRCT signs and their evolution are discussed. A continuous spectrum of findings going from isolated ground glass opacities to lobular consolidation is found, but the most common and invariably present pattern consists of ground glass areas with superimposed smooth septal thickening; these areas have a patchy or geographic distribution--often termed the "crazy-paving" pattern--and are unlike pulmonary findings in any other disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Diagnosis of non-hiatal diaphragmatic hernia using helical computed tomography].

The authors report the cases of two patients with non traumatic quiescent diaphragmatic hernias who presented with delayed but classical acute gastrointestinal complications. Their only predisposing factor was previous surgery of the left upper quadrant. The diagnosis, suspected on chest radiographs, was promptly performed by helical CT with multiplanar reconstructions (MPVR) and maximal intensity projections (MIP). The exact nature and relationship of the herniated organs, the precise site and size of the diaphragmatic defects were depicted with a noteworthy effectiveness allowing a prompt surgical treatment. Technical guidelines for helical CT of the diaphragm are purposed and the typical CT signs of diaphragmatic hernias are reviewed. The authors also emphasize the advantages of helical CT over other radiological procedures and confirm it as the actual standard for diagnosis of diaphragmatic diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Diagnosis of intralobar pulmonary sequestration using helical computed tomography angiography: apropos of 3 patients].

Pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital anomaly that consists of abnormal pulmonary tissue for which the arterial supply is usually derived from the aorta or its major branches. Considering clinical and anatomical aspects two types of sequestration, intralobar and extralobar, have been described. The definite diagnosis requires exact visualization of the anomalous feeding and draining vessels and this condition is essential when surgical treatment is necessary because of recurrent pulmonary infections. We report on 3 cases of intralobar sequestration successfully and extensively diagnosed in adults by spiral angioCT. Our series includes one symptomatic left case confirmed by surgery and two rare fortuitous asymptomatic right cases. In the three cases, the pulmonary abnormal tissue, the arterial supply and venous drainage were clearly identified. We conclude that, probably more than MRI, spiral angio-CT can presently be considered the first choice procedure to diagnose and evaluate pulmonary sequestration; the equal performance of spiral CT in imaging lung and vessels makes classical angiography unnecessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Distension of the inter-facet joints in MRI: and indirect sign of an existing underestimation of spondylolisthesis and canal stenosis].

The authors present two observations of degenerative spondylolisthesis causing canal stenosis in which the stenosis was not apparent on MRI examination, due to reduction of spondylolisthesis in the supine position. In these cases, MR images of the facet joints showed unusual large areas with hypersignal on T2 weighted images suggestive of fluid collection. Observation of such images on supine MRI images should raise the suspicion of a spondylolisthesis existing on standing examination but reduced by the supine position, possibly leading to underestimating the canal stenosis.

Female↗
PubMed1998

[Computed tomography diagnosis of symptomatic ossification of the thoracic flaval ligaments].

We report two rare cases of prominent ossified ligamenta flava of the thoraco-lumbar junction. The first case presented with thoracic myelopathy diagnosed by spinal MRI. The definite diagnosis and the nature of the T10-T11 compressing process was established by spiral CT with multiaxial reconstruction and the patient was treated by laminectomy. In the second case the ossifications were found on a lateral lumbar X-ray and confirmed by spiral CT with multiplanar reconstructions. The pathology was essentially confined to the lateral portion of the T12-L1 ligamenta flava resulting in stenosis of the formaina only with respect of the central canal. The current literature is reviewed and the major role of CT for the diagnosis of such rare calcifying process of the spine is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Computed tomography diagnosis of clinically well-tolerated bilateral lumbar vertebral synovial cysts].

We report two very rare cases of bilateral synovial cyst of the lumbar spine arising at the L4-L5 level. The diagnosis was made by CT without any ambiguity. The reported lesions illustrate almost the complete panel of CT findings in synovial cyst of the spine including gas formation, marginal calcifications, bone erosion of the adjacent lamina, and in one case the original development of an intracystic calcified nodule. The symptoms of the two patients improved with medical treatment only and spontaneous regression of the calcified cysts was confirmed in one case.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1998

[Undifferentiated sarcoma of the ulna in a patient with Paget's disease].

The development of bone sarcoma in a patient with Paget disease is a classic but rare event. The authors describe the XR, CT and MR features of an undifferentiated Paget sarcoma arising in the proximal ulna, a very rare location of this tumoral complication. Clinical symptoms, radiological pattern and epidemiology are discussed. In every Paget patient presenting with a new or different pain, with or without mass effect, the radiologist has to search for signs of sarcomatous transformation, i.e. cortical osteolysis, soft tissue mass and sometimes an associated fracture.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Strangulated intestinal Spigelian hernia].

Spigelian hernia, an uncommon hernia of the anterior abdominal wall, has serious complications in a high percentage of cases. The diagnosis is often difficult because the symptoms can be insidious or simulate those of more classical lower quadrant abdominal diseases. Furthermore, the clinical findings are often nonspecific. We report a case of Spigelian hernia complicated by acute strangulation diagnosed by ultrasound. The anatomic features and the physiopathology are reviewed and illustrated by another typical case diagnosed by CT. CT is superior to sonography in showing the defect of the abdominal wall, in identifying the contents of the hernial sac and in discovering abnormalities in other areas of the abdomen. Sonography also generally appears adequate in showing a parietal defect. We therefore recommend systematic ultrasonographic examination of the abdominal wall in all doubtful cases of undiagnosed abdominal pain with vague gastro-intestinal symptoms.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1995

Decrease of zif-268 and c-fos and increase of c-jun mRNA in the cat areas 17, 18 and 19 following complete visual deafferentation.

We used in situ hybridization to investigate the effect of complete visual deafferentation on immediate early gene expression in adult cat visual cortex. Deafferentation was obtained by unilateral section of the optic tract and sections of both the corpus callosum and anterior commissure. In this model, one hemisphere served as control for the other within the same animal. A decrease in zinc finger protein (zif)-268 and c-fos mRNA was observed in the superficial and deep layers of areas 17 and 18, and all layers of area 19 in the deafferented hemisphere. This decrease, present 3 days after surgery, was maximal after 30 days. An increase of c-jun mRNA was observed in the deep layers of areas 17, 18 and 19 in the deafferented hemisphere 3, 10 and 30 days after surgery. These results suggest that visual input activates zif-268 and c-fos expression and tonically depresses c-jun expression in the primary visual complex yielding similar levels of c-jun and c-fos expression in normal conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Homolateral cerebrocortical changes in neuropeptide and receptor expression after minimal cortical infarction.

A cortical infarct of 2 mm diameter was obtained in the parietal cortex after a craniotomy, disruption of the dura mater and topical application of 3 M KCl. It has been shown previously that the presence of a small cortical infarct induces an increase in immediate early gene messenger RNA expression followed by an increase in neuropeptide and glutamic acid decarboxylase messenger RNA expression. Glutamate, acting at N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, is held responsible for these changes, since they are blocked by pretreatment with dizocilpine. In the present study, we have analysed the consequences of the dramatic changes in messenger RNA expression on the level of immediate early gene products c-fos and zif 268, and on that of neuropeptides by using immunohistochemistry. After just 1 h, an increase in c-fos- and zif 268-like immunoreactivity is observed in the entire cortical hemisphere homolateral to the infarct, and is no longer detected after 6 h. An increase in cholecystokinin octapeptide-, substance P-, neuropeptide Y- and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity is observed in the entire cortical hemisphere homolateral to the infarct after three days, and is no longer detected after 30 days. To investigate if these dramatic increases in neuropeptide immunoreactivities may have functional consequences, we studied the level of cholecystokinin receptors by autoradiographic binding using [125I]cholecystokinin-8S and in situ hybridization for the detection of cholecystokinin-b receptor messenger RNA. A decrease in cholecystokinin binding sites and cholecystokinin-b receptor messenger RNA is observed in the entire cortical hemisphere homolateral to the infarct after three days, and is no longer detected after nine days. This study shows that a topical stimulation has diffuse effects, reaching regions far from the site of the lesion, and some of them are still strongly present after nine days. The increase in neuropeptide messenger RNAs is followed by an increase in the protein products of these genes, which may modify the neurotransmission. As a corollary to this, a decrease in cholecystokinin binding sites occurs. This may have further consequences on signal transduction pathways. This decrease in cholecystokinin binding sites is associated with a decrease in the cholecystokinin-b receptor messenger RNA, and this is the first example of a decrease in messenger RNA levels in this experimental model.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Localization of the two protein kinase C beta-mRNA subtypes in cat visual system.

Protein kinase C (PKC) consists of a family of different subtypes encoded by different PKC genes. We investigated the distribution of PKC beta 1 and PKC beta 2 in the visual system of the adult cat by in situ hybridization using oligonucleotide probes complementary to the PKC beta 1 and PKC beta 2 mRNAs, two splicing variants of the same gene transcript. In the primary visual cortex PKC beta 1 and PKC beta 2 were both present. The laminar distribution patterns found for the two PKC subtypes were identical. A remarkable finding was the difference between the laminar distribution of the PKC beta s in areas 17 and 18 when compared with area 19. In all three areas the highest expression levels were found in layer VI, moderately high levels were found in layers II, III and V, while layer I was devoid of signal. In area 17 and 18 layer IV stood out by its low PKC beta signal. In sharp contrast, layer IV of area 19 was indiscernible from the superficial layers because of an evenly high signal. In the dLGN of the adult cat PKC beta 1 and PKC beta 2 mRNAs were distributed rather homogeneously over the different layers, but the expression levels for PKC beta 1 were clearly higher than those for PKC beta 2.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava: apropos of 3 cases].

The authors report 3 cases of azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava. This congenital malformation is due to the atresia of inferior vena cava in the retrohepatic segment. The abnormalities encountered on the chest film are described. The interest of TDM, ultrasound and cavography is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Downregulation of amyloid precursor protein inhibits neurite outgrowth in vitro.

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a transmembrane protein expressed in several cell types. In the nervous system, APP is expressed by glial and neuronal cells, and several lines of evidence suggest that it plays a role in normal and pathological phenomena. To address the question of the actual function of APP in normal developing neurons, we undertook a study aimed at blocking APP expression using antisense oligonucleotides. Oligonucleotide internalization was achieved by linking them to a vector peptide that translocates through biological membranes. This original technique, which is very efficient and gives direct access to the cell cytosol and nucleus, allowed us to work with extracellular oligonucleotide concentrations between 40 and 200 nM. Internalization of antisense oligonucleotides overlapping the origin of translation resulted in a marked but transient decrease in APP neosynthesis that was not observed with the vector peptide alone, or with sense oligonucleotides. Although transient, the decrease in APP neosynthesis was sufficient to provoke a distinct decrease in axon and dendrite outgrowth by embryonic cortical neurons developing in vitro. The latter decrease was not accompanied by changes in the spreading of the cell bodies. A single exposure to coupled antisense oligonucleotides at the onset of the culture was sufficient to produce significant morphological effects 6, 18, and 24 h later, but by 42 h, there were no remaining significant morphologic changes. This report thus demonstrates that amyloid precursor protein plays an important function in the morphological differentiation of cortical neurons in primary culture.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1995

[Prostatic leiomyoma].

Large leiomyomas of the prostate are rare tumors. The authors report the case of a 78-year-old patient with two large prostatic leiomyomas who presented with chronic obstructive urinary symptoms. The US and CT aspects are illustrated; the signs are not specific but rather suggest a benign process. The tumor, probably of embryologic origin, must be distinguished from neoplasms when presenting in association with the classical benign prostatic hypertrophy. The definite diagnosis is obtained histopathologically. Prognosis is good with no evidence of recurrent disease.

Aged↗