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Biomedical subjects

P Mahieu

Publications and source records attributed to P Mahieu.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Linear glomerular IgG fixation in renal allografts: incidence and significance in Alport's syndrome.

Twelve of 767 renal allograft recipients developed linear fixation of IgG along the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) by direct immunofluorescence technique. This was associated with linear fixation along the tubular basement membrane in 7 of them. Circulating anti-GBM antibodies were not detected by indirect immunofluorescence or radioimmunoassay in any patient whereas anti-TBM antibodies were found in 2 of 4 with linear TBM fixation. Among the 12 patients with linear GBM fixation, 5 had Alport's syndrome; the 7 others had various renal diseases, excluding anti-GBM nephritis. Among the 767 patients, 34 had Alport's syndrome or variants (i.e., 4.5%). The incidence of linear GBM fixation is much higher in Alport's syndrome than in other renal diseases. Linear GBM fixation was not clearly related to anti-GBM antibodies and was not accompanied by significant deterioration of graft function. These findings may be relevant, however, to the missing GBM antigen in Alport's syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Detection of anti-laminin antibodies in sera by latex agglutination.

We describe a latex particle agglutination assay for detecting circulating antibodies against laminin, a noncollagenous glycoprotein of basement membranes. Polystyrene latex particles on which laminin has been adsorbed are incubated with serum for about 25 min at 42-45 degrees C. The agglutination is then measured by counting residual unagglutinated particles. Polyethylene glycol 6000 enhances the agglutination. The assay is fully automated, yielding results in about 45 min, for 50 samples per hour. Addition of purified laminin abolishes the agglutination of laminin-coated particles in practically all positive sera. The anti-laminin antibody titers obtained by this latex immunoassay and by radioimmunoassay correlated well in 161 sera from patients with suspected or established renal diseases. The agglutination assay more frequently gave positive results for cases of glomerulonephritis with linear deposits (20/22 cases) than for glomerulonephritis with granular deposits (7/68) or glomerulonephritis with no glomerular deposits (2/13). The finding of low anti-laminin antibody titers in sera from about 15% (34/230) of the healthy subjects suggests that these autoantibodies are pathogenic only in certain circumstances.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The peroperative management in multiple organ donors: a crucial phase in organ transplantation.

Recent developments in organ transplantation led to the fact that any potential cadaver donor might be considered as a multiple organ donor (MOD). The anesthesiologist's role is to maintain good hemodynamic conditions during the long and complex harvesting procedure, taking into account that in renal cadaver transplantation, donor's stable hemodynamic conditions play a crucial role in the immediate function of the graft. Taking the opportunity of a case of simultaneous liver, pancreas and kidneys procurement in the same cadaver donor performed for the first time in our country, we are reviewing the different phases of the donor peroperative management. This implies a strict control of the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and central venous pressure (CVP). The first step was to maintain the blood volume: during the 3 hours procedure, 5.5 liters of crystalloid, 1.2 liters of colloid and 1 liter of blood were perfused to maintain a CVP higher than 8 mm Hg and a SBP above 110 mm Hg. To obtain the best possible renal and hepatic perfusion, 4 micrograms/kg/min. dopamine is injected continuously, along with 100 mg phenoxybenzamine since the beginning of the operation in order to avoid any local arterial spasm. After heparinization (3 mg/kg 10 minutes prior to clamping), all organs are simultaneously perfused in situ with 3 liters of Euro-Collins solution at 4 degrees C, for cold storage in optimal conditions. The pancreas along with one kidney was transplanted in a diabetic women in preterminal end-stage renal disease: current creatinine (2 months post-transplant) is 1.3 mg/dl and C-peptide is 0.8 pmol/ml. The other kidney was successfully transplanted in another center. The liver graft was implanted in a cirrhotic patient: current bilirubin is 6 mg/dl, S.G.O.T. and S.G.P.T. respectively 50 and 149 U.I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1985

Remission of Goodpasture's syndrome after withdrawal of an unusual toxic.

A 19 year old girl working as a hairdresser developed a severe anemia due to occult pulmonary hemorrhage followed by anti-GBM glomerulonephritis with normal renal function. Withdrawal of the suspected toxic factor, products used for permanent waving, was followed by both clinical remission and disappearance of linear deposits of immunoglobin from the renal glomeruli. Anti-GBM antibodies were only detected in the serum after clinical healing. In a case of mild Goodpasture, careful search for a toxin and its withdrawal may be the first therapeutic step.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Tubular involvement during non-oliguric rhabdomyolysis. (Apropos of 2 cases)].

The authors report two cases of severe rhabdomyolysis in a 23-year-old woman following a toxic coma with muscular compression and in a 34-year-old man after a febrile state. Despite clinical and biological signs of marked muscular necrosis, oliguric acute renal failure did not occur. However, repetitive urinary dosage of N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), of retinol-binding-protein (RBP) and of beta-2-microglobulin (beta-2-m) revealed an early and long-standing tubular dysfunction not suggested by conventional laboratory data.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1985

In vivo studies on the mononuclear phagocyte system Fc receptor function in rheumatoid arthritis. Correlations with clinical and immunological variables.

The mononuclear phagocyte system Fc receptor function was assessed in 13 control subjects and 17 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by intravenous injection of IgG coated (IgG-RBC) or of heat-damaged (HD-RBC) 99mTc-labeled autologous erythrocytes. Although the clearance half-times of control and RA erythrocytes were not significantly different, the spleen to liver uptake ratios per surface area (S/Ls), determined by quantitative scintigraphic analysis, were significantly lower in RA patients than in controls. The S/Ls were significantly correlated with the Steinbrocker stages (r = 0.92; p less than 0.01), the disease duration (r = 0.73; p less than 0.01) and the total immunoglobulin levels (r = 0.73; p less than 0.01). The Clq binding activity of the sera was inversely correlated with the spleen (r = 0.90; p less than 0.01) and liver uptakes (r = 0.73; p less than 0.02). Our results therefore show an alteration of the Fc receptor function of splenic and hepatic mononuclear phagocytes in RA patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The influence of liver disease on the methylation of arsenite in humans.

The capacity for inorganic arsenic (ASi) methylation in 13 healthy volunteers and in 30 patients with different types of liver disease has been assessed by measuring the amount of unmetabolized ASi, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) excreted in urine within 24 h after the IV injection of 7.14 micrograms/kg ASi. Liver disease does not affect the percent of the injected dose excreted within 24 h but has striking and opposite effects on the proportions of MMA and DMA. MMA excretion is highly correlated with the 14C-aminopyrine breath test (r = 0.73; P less than 0.05). The reduction in the proportion of MMA excreted in urine and the increase in that of DMA are similar with regard to sensitivity and specificity for detecting liver impairment. Unlike the 14C-aminopyrine breath test, the inorganic arsenic methylation test offers the advantage of being unaffected by treatment with microsomal enzyme inducers.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Defecography: I. Description of a new procedure and results in normal patients.

To solve frequently encountered clinical problems in the anorectal area, we have developed a simplified dynamic method of defecography. A radiopaque substance, the consistency of normal stools, is introduced into the rectum and the patient is then seated on a specially designed seat composed of superposed air chambers which, for technical reasons, are filled with water. The movements induced by evacuation of the rectum are recorded using 100-mm ampliphotography. After recording findings in 56 normal patients, we are able to define 5 criteria for "normal": increase in anorectal angulation, obliteration of the impression of the puborectal muscle, wide opening of the anal canal, total evacuation of the rectal contents, and normal resistance of the pelvic floor. The mean value of the anorectal angle (ARA) was 91.96 degrees (+/- 1.52 SEM) at rest and 136.76 degrees (+/- 1.51 SEM) during straining. The increase of ARA during straining is 44.8 degrees.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Defecography: II. Contribution to the diagnosis of defecation disorders.

Our simple method of defecography has proved to be more sensitive than clinical evaluation in the detection and description of defecation disorders. Among the different types of disorders, described on the basis of 144 abnormal defecograms, the most common are rectal intussusception (RI), intraanal rectal intussusception (IRI), external manually (EMRP) or spontaneously (ESRP) reducible prolapses, rectocele, and accentuation of the impression of the puborectalis sling (AIPR). Study of the mean values of the anorectal angle (ARA) (normal mean value = 92 degrees at rest) reveals an increase (p less than 0.05) in the ARA in IRI and ESRP and a decrease (p less than 0.05 at rest, p less than 0.001 at strain) in AIPR. The most striking observation is a highly significant increase (p less than 0.001) in the ARA associated with incontinence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Anti-laminin antibodies in Sprague-Dawley and brown Norway rats chronically exposed to cadmium.

Sprague-Dawley and Brown-Norway female rats were chronically exposed to cadmium. The metal was administered either in drinking water at a concentration of 20 or 100 ppm for 13 months or intraperitoneally (i.p.) at the dose of 1 mg/kg, 5 times a week for 4 months. Anti-laminin and anti-type IV procollagen antibodies (laminin and type IV procollagen are components of the glomerular basement membranes) were sequentially assessed by radioimmunoassay in serial serum samples. Anti-type IV procollagen antibodies were never detectable whereas anti-laminin antibodies were transiently found in the serum of Sprague-Dawley rats only. In the i.p. group, the antibodies were detected between week 4 and 8, whereas in the oral treatment group, they were detected between month 6 and 8. At the same time, the concentration of cadmium in kidney cortex averaged about 100 ppm in the 20 ppm cadmium group and about 200 ppm in the 2 other treatment groups. The pathogenic significance of these antibodies in chronic cadmium intoxication of Sprague-Dawley rats remains to be assessed since their occurrence was not associated with concomitant immunoglobulin deposits in the kidneys.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of methylprednisolone on the Fc-receptor function of human reticuloendothelial system in vivo.

To determine whether the Fc-receptor function of reticuloendothelial system (RES) is modified by corticosteroid administration, we studied the spleen to liver uptake ratios of autologous, 99Tc-labelled heat-damaged or IgG-coated erythrocytes, injected intravenously into 10 normal volunteers, 4 h after receiving a single dose of 32 mg of methylprednisolone by mouth. In standard conditions, quantitative scans indicated that the spleen to liver uptake ratios, calculated per unit area 40 min after the injection of labelled erythrocytes, were 13.4 +/- 0.6 and 31.2 +/- 1.5 (mean values +/- -SEM), for the heat-damaged (n = 7) and IgG-coated red cells (n = 5) respectively. Four hours after corticosteroid administration, the spleen to liver uptake ratios were significantly reduced in five of ten volunteers. Abnormal ratios correlated with the Fc-receptor function of monocytes measured in vitro using IgG-coated erythrocytes. Indeed, 2-6 h after methylprednisolone was given, the Fc-receptor binding activity of monocytes isolated from the same five subjects was reduced by at least 50%, spontaneously returning to a rather normal value 4-6 h later. The C3-receptor binding activity of these monocytes remained normal, after otherwise identical experimental conditions. These results show a transient, specific impairment of the Fc-receptor function of RES after methylprednisolone administration, and may therefore explain, in part, the infectious complications occurring in some patients treated by corticosteroids.

Adult↗