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Biomedical subjects

P Müller

Publications and source records attributed to P Müller.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Weaning of young smokers using a transdermal nicotine patch].

To assess efficacy and tolerance of a transdermal nicotine system (TNS) as adjuvant to tobacco withdrawal, 112 young, nicotine-dependent cigarette smokers were treated for nine weeks with TNS (n = 56) or placebo (n = 56). Initial doses of nicotine (21 or 14 mg/24 h) were based on previous smoking habits and stepwise reduced to 7 mg/24 h if abstinence was achieved during medication. After treatment, 39.3% of the TNS users were abstinent versus 19.6% on placebo (p less than 0.05). The craving for cigarettes diminished steadily, but not more significantly on TNS medication. Tenseness, difficulty in concentration and feelings of hunger were consistently and in part significantly lessened in the TNS group. The other withdrawal symptoms were not influenced by TNS treatment. Nine-month follow-up cotinine-verified abstinence rates were 12.5% in the TNS and 3.6% in the placebo group (n. s.). Transient mild or moderate erythema at the application site appeared in 20% of the TNS and 6.3% of the placebo group, and 7.1% of the TNS users dropped out because of severe localized erythema. Other mild, transient, systemic side effects reported by 33.9% of the TNS and 26.8% of the placebo users (n. s.) did not lead to drop-outs.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1991

[Psychotherapy in schizophrenic psychoses--historical development, effectiveness and currently accepted methods].

Psychotherapy has a long tradition in the treatment of schizophrenic psychosis. Individual therapies--based on psychoanalysis in continental Europe and in the first half of this century due to emigrants in England and the United States--were predominant. The development of family therapy then led to modified forms and in particular group therapy for relatives of schizophrenic patients. There is a variety of treatments available today: assistance in coping with the disease, cognitive therapies and social skill training, psychotherapy based on depth psychology, family therapy and work with the relatives of patients. Some encouraging studies on efficacy are already available. Drug treatment continues to be the dominant form of therapy, but modified psychotherapeutic programs for patients and their relatives have become an important supplement to neuroleptic therapy and relapse prevention, particularly since the "Vulnerability-Stress-Hypotheses" became widely accepted.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1991

[30 years experience with haloperidol].

Haloperidol, a butyrophenone derivative, was first used 30 years ago and has since become one the most frequently prescribed neuroleptics, employed in the treatment of numerous psychiatric and neurological syndromes. It has a very good antipsychotic effect; its sedative effects are moderate compared against weakly potent neuroleptics, and its vegetative side effects are only slight. In a review of the literature, the data found during the past 30 years are commented upon, such as data on pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, indications, undesirable effects, interactions, dosage, contraindications and precautionary measures - all of them having implications on research on neuroleptics as a whole.

Brain↗
PubMed1991

Dose-related healing of duodenal ulcer with the proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole.

Lansoprazole (AG 1749) is a novel substituted benzimidazole which inhibits gastric acid secretion by blocking H+,K(+)-ATPase. This randomized, double-blind multicentre trial studied the dose-response relationship of lansoprazole on ulcer healing and compared it with ranitidine in 314 out-patients with endoscopically assessed, symptomatic duodenal ulcer. Cumulative healing rates with Lansoprazole 7.5, 15, and 30 mg o.m. were 48, 59, and 74% at 2 weeks and 75, 84, and 95% at 4 weeks, respectively (intention-to-treat); the difference of the healing rates between 7.5 and 30 mg groups was significant (P less than 0.001). Corresponding healing rates for 300 mg ranitidine nocte were 51 and 89%. Pain relief was similar in all treatment groups. Lansoprazole was well tolerated. During a follow-up of 6 months relapse rates after lansoprazole 7.5, 15, and 30 mg were 21, 29, and 22%, respectively; the relapse rate after ranitidine 300 mg was 20%. In conclusion, lansoprazole provides faster healing of duodenal ulcer than ranitidine and a similar relapse pattern. For further trials in peptic ulcer disease a daily dose of lansoprazole 30 mg o.m. is recommended.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1991

Fluctuation of anti-A and anti-B histo-blood-group antibodies in a patient after liver transplantation.

The concentrations of anti-A and anti-B IgM and IgG antibodies have been studied in the serum of a patient with blood group AB who received a type A donor liver. A newly developed ABO-ELISA was used for this purpose and the values were compared to hemagglutination titers. During the postoperative study period over 8 weeks, the anti-A and anti-B levels showed a higher fluctuation than was measured in preoperative samples. Thus, in this AB-type patient, anti-A IgM varied 10-fold, anti-A IgG 20-fold and anti-B IgG 16-fold. Peak values corresponded to rejection episodes. Immunoactivation in the patient was further documented by the presence of abnormally high levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R) in serum samples. The study shows that monitoring of anti-A/B antibodies may represent a further criterion to follow-up transplanted patients during the critical postoperative graft acceptance period.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1991

[75 mg roxatidine nocte protects human gastric mucosa against 300 mg acetylsalicylic acid nocte].

In a randomized double-blind parallel study the gastroduodenal tolerability of 300 mg ASS nocte (8 p.m.) has been evaluated in the presence of 75 mg roxatidine nocte (8 p.m.) or placebo in 20 healthy volunteers using upper GI-endoscopy. The treatment periods lasted 14 days. Endoscopic controls were performed at entry, and repeated at day 7 and day 14. At entry the mean endoscopic score averaged 0.9 +/- 0.1 in the ASS/placebo-group and 0.9 +/- 0.1 in the ASS/roxatidine-group. The median values were 1.0 and 1.0. 300 mg ASS nocte induced in the placebo-experiments marked gastroduodenal lesions both at day 7 and day 14 (6.5 +/- 1.2 and 7.9 +/- 0.7, respectively). The median values were 8.0 and 9.0, respectively. Concomitant administration of 75 mg roxatidine nocte afforded significant protection against 300 mg ASS nocte both on day 7 and day 14 (3.3 +/- 1.0 and 3.1 +/- 0.9, respectively) (p less than 0.05). The corresponding median values were 1.0 and 1.0. Our data suggest that coadministration of roxatidine nocte reduces significantly gastroduodenal lesions evoked by acetylsalicylic acid 300 mg nocte.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of glycine on the gastroduodenal tolerability of acetylsalicylic acid. An endoscopic, controlled double-blind study in healthy subjects].

In a randomized double-blind study the gastroduodenal tolerability of daily 500 mg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, CAS 50-78-2) in combination with 250 mg glycine (CAS 56-40-6) (Godamed) and 500 mg ASA without addition of glycine were evaluated in 20 healthy volunteers giving upper GI-endoscopy. Both ASA-preparations have been taken over a period of 4 weeks. Endoscopic controls were performed at entry, and repeated after 7, 14 and 28 days of treatment. Both ASA-preparations induced comparable gastroduodenal damages during the whole test period: The lesions score of both groups on day 7, 14 and day 28 was almost identical. In contrast to plain ASA, where 9 of 10 volunteers reported gastrointestinal side effects, all subjects receiving ASA in combination with glycine did not complain from any dyspeptic symptoms, i.e. epigastric pain etc. The reasons for the apparent better tolerability of ASA in combination with glycine are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Prokinetic drug treatment (cisapride) is as effective as H2-blocking agent (ranitidine) in the treatment of gastric ulcer.

A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group multicenter study was conducted in 120 patients with gastric ulcer to compare cisapride, 10 mg t.i.d., and ranitidine, 150 mg b.i.d., administered over 8 weeks. No significant differences between the results of the two treatments were found in terms of ulcer healing or symptomatic relief. Endoscopy showed that the incidence of medium-sized or large ulcers was reduced from 85% at the start to 11% and 4%, respectively, after 4 and 8 weeks in the ranitidine group, and from 98% to 15% and 4%, respectively, in the cisapride group. By week 8, the ulcer was healed in 89% of the ranitidine patients, and in 86% of the cisapride patients. Moderate to severe diurnal epigastric pain--the predominant symptom--was reported by about 80% of the patients in week 8, and by less than 15% from week 4 on. The response to nocturnal epigastric pain, epigastric pressure, sensation of fullness and other symptoms was similar. Except for gastrointestinal symptoms in the cisapride patients--nearly always indicative of enhanced bowel contractions--the occurrence of adverse effects was similar in the two groups. The improvement in gastrointestinal motility under cisapride, would appear to be as effective as suppression of acid secretion in the treatment of gastric ulcer disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Protection from gastroduodenal adverse effects of acetylsalicylic acid with ranitidine. An endoscopic controlled double-blind study of healthy subjects].

Ranitidine protects against gastroduodenal mucosal damage associated with low-dose ASA therapy/Endoscopically evaluated double-blind study in healthy volunteers In a randomized double-blind crossover study the gastroduodenal tolerability of 300 mg ASA mane (8 a.m.) has been evaluated in the presence of 300 mg ranitidine nocte (8 p.m.) or placebo in 10 healthy volunteers using upper GI-endoscopy. The treatment periods lasted 14 d. Endoscopic controls were performed at entry, and repeated at day 7 and day 14. At entry the mean endoscopic score averaged 0.9 +/- 0.1 in the ASA/placebo-group and 0.8 +/- 0.1 in the ASA/ranitidine-group. 300 mg ASA mane induced in the placebo-experiments marked gastroduodenal ulcerations both at day 7 and day 14 (7.3 +/- 1.3 and 8.2 +/- 2.1, respectively). Concommittant administration of 300 mg ranitidine nocte afforded almost full protection against 300 mg ASA mane both on day 7 and day 14 (1.6 +/- 0.4 and 1.7 +/- 0.5, respectively) (p less than 0.05). These data suggest that nocturnal coadministration of ranitidine 300 mg reduces almost completely gastroduodenal lesions evoked by acetylsalicylic acid 300 mg mane.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Qualitative and quantitative studies of the inflammatory reaction in the tumor boundary zone of intraoral squamous cell carcinomas].

The inflammatory cellular infiltration in the tumor boundary zone was analyzed in 10 primary tumors, completely histologically worked up and not pretreated, using a metric and reproducible evaluation system at a line of 10 cm per case. The part of the tumor boundary zone free of inflammation varied between 2% and 79%, where as only 3 of the examined 10 tumor cases showed actions free of inflammation under 10%. In the differential cell picture of the inflammation the lymphocytes dominate (74, 12% +/- 6.79) while the part of plasmacytes varied between 1.8% and 29.2%. In spite of the exclusion of bacterially infected and necrotic tumor sections an average percentage of granulocytes (10.25% +/- 5.30) was ascertained in the inflammatory cell infiltrate.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1991

[Ranitidine in the therapy and prevention of NSAR-induced (non-steroidal anti-rheumatic agents) gastroduodenal lesions in patients with rheumatism].

178 patients with various rheumatic disorders who had been treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) for at least 32 months, were enrolled in this open trial. Entry criteria were both the presence of endoscopic lesions in gastric and/or duodenal mucosa as well as dyspeptic symptoms. All patients were treated with ranitidine 150 mg bid for 4 weeks; 127 of them continued to take their original medication. Only in a small subgroup of 21 patients the NSAIDs were withdrawn. Mean gastric lesions scores averaged at entry in both treatment groups 2.2 and 2.0; the corresponding duodenal values were 2.2 and 2.6. After 4 weeks therapy a significant reduction of the mean gastric and duodenal damaging scores was observed (p less than 0.05). In addition, a marked symptomatic relief occurred. In the subsequent prophylactic trial 98 patients could be followed for 3 months and 59 patients for at least 6 months. 44 patients (3 months) and 36 patients (6 months) received in addition to their antirheumatic medication ranitidine 150 mg bid, whereas 54 patients (3 months) and 23 patients (6 months) were without any antiulcer therapy. The calculated relapse rates within 6 months were in the presence of ranitidine only 12% and without ranitidine 63% (p less than 0.05). Our data emphasize the efficacy of H2-receptor antagonist both in the therapy as well as in the prophylaxis of NSAID-induced lesions in the upper GI-tract.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1991

[Laser Doppler flow measurement of the finger during cold provocation: results in 140 patients with healthy blood vessels].

Flow patterns of the cutaneous circulation of the third left finger was studied before and after standardized cold challenge in 140 healthy subjects by means of Laser-Doppler flowmetry. Flow behaviour showed no statistical differences regarding to age, sex and day time. Nevertheless, the results may serve only to a limited extent as a reference in the evaluation of individual test results for everyday angiological diagnosis since the interindividual variability of the flux values is considerable. However, the present data obtained from a relatively large normal population are suitable as a reference basis for scientific investigations using groups of healthy subjects or patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Cytomorphological and cytochemical studies of experimentally-induced thyroid tumors in the rat].

Carcinomas were induced to the thyroid gland of female rats, using a method originally proposed by Thomas and Bollmann (metachronous application of nitrosomethylurea and methylthiouracil), to establish cytomorphological, histomorphological, cytochemical, and flow-cytophotometric criteria for diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. Verification was also intended of the diagnostic value of each of the methods involved for differentiation of nodular goitre. Another purpose of the study was to find out, whether chemically induced thyroid tumours in rat were comparable to thyroid neoplasms in man. This provided to the examiners genetically coherent and morphologically comparable biological material at various stages of thyroid tumour growth which included diffuse and adenomatous hyperplasias, adenomas, and, from the 18th to 42nd experimental weeks, papillary as well as follicular carcinomas in 31 to 100% of all experimental animals involved. Cytomorphological comparability of rat thyroid material (imprint specimens) with human material (fine-needle aspiration cytology) was ensured for normal as well as for hyperplastically altered thyroid glands, including adenomatous and carcinomatous changes. Hence, group typing of thyroid cytology, originally devised for human specimens, could be easily adapted to material obtained from rat. Assessment of cytological samples by microscopic criteria yielded an accuracy of 89% in malignoma diagnosis and proved to be an approach of highly informative potential also in the context of rat experiments. Use of additional cytochemical techniques (PAS, toluidine-blue, peroxidase, alkaline and acid phosphatases, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) as well as quantitative DNA determination by means of flow-cytophotometry was helpful in casting light at some scattered trends of change from normal for certain stages of proliferation, but it failed to enhance information in cytomorphological diagnosis of the individual case.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Gastrointestinal tolerance of 30 mg versus 300 mg acetylsalicylic acid daily. An endoscopically controlled double-blind study of healthy subjects].

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASS) is increasingly used in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years daily ASS-doses (100 to 300 mg) have been given for this indication. Studies with still lower ASS-doses (f. i. 30 mg daily) are the focus of ongoing clinical trials. In a randomized double-blind study we have evaluated the gastroduodenal tolerability of 30 mg ASS and 300 mg ASS daily in 20 healthy volunteers using upper GI-endoscopy. Both ASS-dosages have been taken for a period of four weeks. Endoscopic controls were performed at entry and repeated after seven, 14 and 28 days of treatment. 30 mg ASS daily did not induce significant gastroduodenal damages during the whole treatment period in contrast to 300 mg ASS daily (p less than 0.05). The lesions score under 300 mg ASS on day 7 and 28 was almost identical. Our data suggest that extremely low doses of ASS are almost harmless to the human gastroduodenal mucosa. No adaptive phenomena occur during a 28 days treatment with 300 mg ASS daily.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia in patients with diabetes mellitus].

In a large percentage of cases, diabetes mellitus leads to hyperlipidemia. In addition to the diabetes-related secondary hyperlipidemias, all types of primary disturbances of lipid metabolism can also be observed in diabetics. Depending upon the degree of severity and type of metabolic disorder presenting, not only suitable dietetic treatment, but also the various lipid-lowering drugs, fibrates, nicotinic acid, probucol, cholestyramine and the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors should be introduced into therapy. As in all groups with an elevated coronary risk, strict management of the lipid levels is mandatory in diabetics, too.

Combined Modality Therapy↗