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Biomedical subjects

P M Moore

Publications and source records attributed to P M Moore.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Neuroendocrine changes in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome.

It has become clear that the neuroendocrine and immune systems are closely linked and interdependent. The exact mechanisms of this interaction are only beginning to be unravelled. The complexity of these connections may partly explain why the aetiopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases remains obscure and why genetic, hormonal, microbial, environmental, as well as a host of other factors, have all been put forward as explanations. What has become clear is that a number of neuroendocrine and hormonal factors have important immunomodulatory roles in health and disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Validation of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised in a sample of people with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy.

PURPOSE: The Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) is used routinely for presurgical assessment of memory for patients considering elective resection of the temporal lobe and/or hippocampus for the relief of intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We investigated the validity of the WMS-R in a population of people with TLE. METHODS: The sample consisted of 138 patients with a diagnosis of TLE in which the epileptogenic focus was clearly and exclusively lateralized to either the right or left hemisphere. They underwent a complete neuropsychological examination as a routine part of their investigation for epilepsy surgery. Psychometric scores included in this study were: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) I.Q. scores, National Adult Reading Test Revised (NART-R) predicted-I.Q. scores, and WMS-R Memory Index and subtest scores. RESULTS: Multiple univariate analyses were performed. The group with left temporal focus had significantly lower Verbal Memory Index, Logical memory (both immediate and delayed), and Digit Span scores. Visual/Verbal discrepancy scores incorrectly identified most patients with right temporal focus. Analyses of a total group of people with epilepsy (i.e., mixed temporal, frontal, occipital and unknown foci) as compared with the normative sample indicated that the patient group scored significantly lower across all memory index scores and most memory subtests. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that the WMS-R is capable of lateralizing to left hemispheric impairment but is more problematic in the assessment of right hemispheric impairment. The Visual/Verbal Memory Index discrepancy has questionable validity. People with epilepsy performed less well on the WMS-R than did the normative sample. The need for reliable and valid nonverbal tests of memory is therefore warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Neurological manifestation of vasculitis: update on immunopathogenic mechanisms and clinical features.

Study of the vasculitides illustrates a spectrum of interactions from physiological to pathological between the immune system and the blood-vessel wall. Endothelial cells demonstrably recruit leukocytes by both antigen-specific and antigen-nonspecific mechanisms in the systemic vasculitides. A cascade of cytokine and factors can initiate, perpetuate, and regulate the close interactions of leukocytes and the endothelium. Specific types of leukocytes (neutrophils, T lymphocytes, eosinophils) predominate in the vascular infiltrates of specific diseases. Other mural cells potentially initiate the inflammatory process; this may be particularly important in the central nervous system where regulatory systems may diminish a primary role of the endothelium in vascular inflammation. Neurological abnormalities are a prominent feature of some vasculitides and rare in others. In polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis neurological features may be prominent and early. The cutaneous vasculitides, hypersensitivity vasculitis, are seldom associated with neurological abnormalities. Isolated angiitis of the central nervous system is notable because it invariably targets the central nervous system and because it must be distinguished from other causes of central nervous system vasculitis, including infections and toxins. In this article we review some of the recent information adding to our knowledge of the immunopathogenic and clinical features in the vasculitides affecting the nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Systemic lupus erythematosus: immunopathogenesis of neurologic dysfunction.

Neurologic complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (neuro-SLE) are common. The most frequent manifestations of neuro-SLE are seizures, encephalopathy, and behavioral changes, but a wide variety of other neurologic abnormalities affecting the central and peripheral nervous system and muscle also occur. Although the prevalence of neuro-SLE is high, the diversity of clinical presentations, the multiple potential etiologies, and the absence of sensitive and specific diagnostic tests render diagnosis difficult. Recent advances in understanding mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction combined with advances in imaging techniques, including functional imaging, should help in diagnosis and management. The mechanisms of neurologic injury can be divided into three broad categories. First, neuronal dysfunction may result from direct effects of the immune system on brain cells such as autoantibody binding to cell surface, immune complex deposition with secondary inflammation, and effects of cytokines. Second, immune- mediated injury to supportive structures such as the vasculature may also affect the nervous system by producing ischemia. Finally, the neuraxis may be affected by any one of several immune and non- immune effects of infection, toxins, and metabolic disturbances.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effects of relaxation training on fear and arousal during in vivo exposure to a caged snake among DSM-III-R simple (snake) phobics.

Eight pairs of DSM-III-R snake phobic subjects (Ss) were exposed to a caged snake while seated in front of a package-conveyor apparatus during eight 4-minute trials. Heart rates and skin-conductance levels were recorded before and during each of the eight trials. Self-reports of fear were obtained after each trial. One S in each pair controlled the conveyor on alternating trials. One subject (S) in each pair had received a representative regimen of relaxation training beforehand. Heart-rate decreased more in Ss controlling the conveyor than in their yoked partners. Ss who had received relaxation training showed lower heart-rate change, lower skin-conductance change, and lower self-reports of fear after the exposure trials. Relaxed Ss also moved the snake closer to themselves than did unrelaxed subjects on some trials.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Affinity isolation of neuron-reactive antibodies in MRL/lpr mice.

Autoantibodies from the MRL/lpr mice react with numerous proteins on neuronal cell surfaces. The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize a population of autoantibodies reactive preferentially or exclusively with nervous system tissue. Using a purified plasma membrane preparation from brain cortex of balb/c mice coupled to diaminopropylamine agarose gel, we affinity-isolated antineuronal antibodies from pooled MRL/lpr immunoglobulins. The isolated immunoglobulins reacted with brain cortex plasma membranes and neuroblastoma cells (but not liver, kidney, or fibroblasts) by Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence with confocal microscopy. By Western blot, the epitopes in the brain cortex were proteins of apparent molecular weights 101, 63, 53, 43, 39, and 33, kd; the epitopes in the neuroblastoma cells were 63, 57, and 53 kd. Lectin column isolation revealed that the 101 and 63 kd epitopes were glycosylated. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed that the antibodies bound to the cell soma more intensely than to the cell processes of viable cultured neuroblastoma cells. The cell surface localization of this binding was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Within the central nervous system the antibodies bound more intensely to primary cultures of isolated neurons from fetal cortex than to hippocampal or neostriatal cells. With these antibodies we can begin studies of their potential pathogenic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Epilepsy, pseudoseizures and perceived family characteristics: a controlled study.

Previous research in the area of pseudoseizures has focused upon their phenomenology and the characteristics of the individual with pseudoseizures. This study set out to examine the role of pseudoseizure behaviour in fulfilling a function within the family context. Pseudoseizure patients, patients with epilepsy and healthy controls completed questionnaires measuring the following variables--anxiety and depression, locus of control, self-esteem, family characteristics and perceived seizure severity. People with pseudoseizures perceived their families as displaying less commitment and support to each other (family Cohesion scale) and less emphasis on ethical issues and values (family Moral-religious scale) than both the epilepsy and the control groups. People with pseudoseizures reported levels of family interest in political, social and recreational activities (family Intellectual-cultural scale) similar to people with epilepsy, both these group scores being lower than the control group. The two patient groups also reported higher depression scores than controls, yet only the epilepsy group had lower self-esteem than the controls. These initial findings support a role of family involvement in therapy for people with pseudoseizures and may lead to a better understanding of the aetiology of pseudoseizures, as well as clarifying characteristics which may well aid the differentiation of pseudoseizures from epilepsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Future directions for performance-related sports science research: an interdisciplinary approach.

The present paper is based on a review which was commissioned by the Sports Council (London) on behalf of the Open Section of the British Association of Sports Sciences (BASS). This was one of four such reviews which were collectively designed to provide information pertinent to the formulation of a strategy that would guide fundamental sports science research in the UK until the year 2000. All of the reviews were expected to focus on research that was relevant to the performance of the elite athlete and the specific brief of the Open Section Review was to concentrate on interdisciplinary research. The current paper established the unique value of interdisciplinary sports science research. Four themes were considered in some detail in order to review the extant interdisciplinary research and propose directions for future research involving an interdisciplinary approach. The four topics were talent identification, adherence, injuries and peaking. A critical review of each area revealed a lack of interdisciplinary research and recommendations for future research priorities were made. The paper is concluded with a brief outline of a strategy that would facilitate the development and expansion of interdisciplinary sports science research.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1994

Serial angiography in isolated angiitis of the central nervous system.

Isolated angiitis of the CNS is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by signs and symptoms of diffuse ischemia or recurrent strokes and histologic evidence of vascular inflammation. Angiography frequently suggests the diagnosis, but angiographic changes over time have not been delineated. This study investigates the evolution of radiographic findings in CNS vasculitis by serial angiography in 19 patients. Abnormal angiographic findings include segmental arterial narrowings and dilatations, vascular occlusions, collateral formation, and prolonged circulation time. Smooth narrowings of the affected vessels occurring in multiple vascular distributions are the most frequent abnormality. Single stenotic areas in multiple vessels are more frequent than multiple stenotic areas along a single vessel segment. Vascular occlusions, the least diagnostic feature, affect small arteries in some patients. Serial studies demonstrate progression of angiographic changes prior to therapy and improvement or stabilization in patients with a clinical response to therapy. Correlation of clinical and angiographic features is consistent with the hypothesis that segmental narrowing initially results from reversible inflammation and vasospasm. The later irreversible angiographic features appear secondary to scarring. A limitation of angiography is demonstrated in this study by the apparently normal angiograms in two patients with biopsy-confirmed small-vessel vasculitis. Four patients with abnormal angiograms and histologic evidence of disease had normal MRIs.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Evidence for bound antineuronal antibodies in brains of NZB/W mice.

Antibodies reactive with neuronal tissue are present in the sera of the murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Access of these antibodies to the central nervous system is an important prerequisite to the hypothesis that these antibodies affect neuronal function. In this study, we isolated antibodies from neutral and acid washes of brain parenchyma of NZB/W F1 mice. Antibody could be eluted from the brains of NZB/W F1 but not control mice. The immunoglobulin was predominantly IgG1; the binding characteristics of the brain eluted antibody were narrower than those of antibody from sera and eluted from visceral organ.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The VNA of Chicago: providing new services for 100 years.

Started by socialites in 1889, the Visiting Nurse Association of Chicago has been providing quality care for over 100 years. From tuberculosis to polio to AIDS, the VNA has successfully responded to the changing needs of the city it serves by consistently providing progressive and innovative services.

Chicago↗
PubMed1990

Immunoglobulin binding to neuronal cell surface epitopes in murine systemic lupus erythematosus.

Screening serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to paraformaldehyde-fixed neuroblastoma cells revealed spontaneous neuron-reactive antibodies in three strains of autoimmune mice not present in comparable studies of BALB/c mice. Immunoglobulin isolation from pooled sera by either ammonium sulfate precipitation or passage over a protein G column enabled quantitative binding by (1) ELISA to neuroblastoma cells and (2) Western blots of plasma membrane preparations of brain cortex and neuroblastoma cells. The antibodies recognized proteins of apparent molecular weights 101,000, 68,000, 63,000, 57,000, 53,000, 43,000, 39,000, and 31,000 Da on the brain cortex and 63,000, 57,000, and 43,000 Da on the neuroblastoma cell membranes. The class of antibody binding was predominantly IgG in the MRL/lpr and IgM in the NZB/W. Differences between MRL/lpr, NZB/W and BXSB mice were observed although it is not yet apparent if this represents a difference in autoantibody production between the strains.

Animals↗