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Biomedical subjects

P M Davis

Publications and source records attributed to P M Davis.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Immune complexes of LDL induce atherogenic responses in human monocytic cells.

The ability of immune complexes of LDL or acetylated LDL (acLDL), together with antibodies to LDL, to induce a proatherogenic phenotype in human monocytic cells has been explored. Treatment of THP-1 monocytic cells or peripheral human monocytes with LDL immune complexes containing intact anti-LDL markedly enhanced the ability of these cells to subsequently bind and take up LDL, whereas aggregated LDL or LDL immune complexes prepared with F(ab')2 fragments of anti-LDL had no significant effect. Activation of THP-1 cells with intact LDL immune complexes also stimulated mRNA expression for the scavenger receptor. Additionally, activation of THP-1 cells with insoluble immune complexes of LDL or LDL stimulated generation of reactive oxygen intermediates that, in turn, could oxidize exogenous LDL. These results indicate that the binding of lipoprotein immune complexes to Fc receptors on monocytic cells activates a series of responses that could accelerate the initiation or progression of atherosclerosis.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1993

Persistent mild hip deformation in preterm infants.

Preterm infants often develop a postural deformation of the legs with wide hip abduction and external rotation giving a 'frog leg' posture. It has been shown that the deformation persists at the age of 3-4.5 years and the use of postural techniques aimed at reducing the deformation is recommended.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Suppression of gastric acid secretion by intravenous administration of famotidine in children.

This study was designed to establish appropriate dosing requirements for intravenous use of famotidine, a new H2-receptor antagonist, in pediatric patients. Eighteen children, 2 to 69 months of age (mean +/- SD: 31 +/- 23 months), were treated with intravenously administered famotidine to prevent bleeding of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Continuous intragastric pH monitoring was carried out to ascertain the effectiveness of various intravenous doses. An initial dose of 0.4 mg/kg was given and repeated only after the intragastric pH had dropped to less than 4.0 for 2 hours. Increased doses were given (0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 mg/kg) if the previous dose did not raise the intragastric pH to greater than 4.0 for greater than or equal to 6 hours. Sixteen patients achieved an intragastric pH greater than or equal to 4.0 for greater than or equal to 6 hours, 13 with a dose of 0.4 mg/kg, and three with a dose of 0.8 mg/kg. The mean duration of continuous pH greater than 4.0 per dose was 9.0 +/- 7.5 hours. Ten patients received two or more intravenous doses of famotidine; the mean duration of pH greater than 4.0 after the second dose was less than that after the first (14.9 +/- 8.0 hours vs 6.9 +/- 3.2 hours, p less than 0.01). We conclude that intravenous famotidine therapy raises gastric pH to greater than 4.0 for approximately 9 hours in most children. Prolonged intravenous use of famotidine rapidly leads to a decreased duration of efficacy, necessitating intragastric pH monitoring to assess the effectiveness of treatment.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Gastroesophageal reflux in the older child: presentation, response to treatment and long-term follow-up.

Much attention has been focused on the natural history of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in neurologically normal infants which generally resolves by two years of age. In contrast, little is known of the outcome of GER diagnosed in normal older children. The charts of 32 children (21 males) without neurologic or esophageal anatomic abnormalities, age 3.5 to 16 years (mean = 9.8) at the time of diagnosis, were reviewed. Diagnosis was based on suggestive presenting symptoms and evaluation of prolonged intraesophageal pH monitoring. Esophagitis was diagnosed by histologic criteria in 16 of the 32 patients. Medical treatment consisted of prokinetic agents (metoclopramide, bethanechol) and H2-receptor antagonists. After a one to eight year follow-up period (mean +/- SD - 3.4 +/- 2.1), the symptoms in 13 children had resolved or were sufficiently improved to discontinue medication. In 13 patients, symptoms were improved but medication was required for adequate control. Four children were symptomatic without improvement in spite of medical therapy and two others required fundoplication for continued severe symptoms and refractory esophagitis. In summary, less than 50% of otherwise normal older children with GER undergo spontaneous resolution of marked improvement in symptoms and the remainder require continued long-term medical and/or surgical management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Patient reactions to a no smoking policy in a community mental health center.

The prevalence of cigarette smoking in a CMHC population was surveyed and patient attitudes and affective reactions regarding the implementation of a no smoking policy were assessed. The prevalence of smoking (80-84%) was in line with previous reports which have suggested that an extraordinarily high percentage of psychiatric patients engage in cigarette smoking. Significant differences were observed between smokers' and nonsmokers' reactions to the no smoking policy which resulted partially from negative reactions by smokers but also from positive reactions by nonsmokers. Although a slight decrease in client satisfaction was observed, the emotional reactions of smokers were generally not clinically substantive. A 16 month follow-up survey of clinicians further supported the idea that the negative reactions of smokers were not of major magnitude and were probably transitory. The authors conclude that the primary effects of a mental health center smoking policy may be the protection of the service environment and improvements in the well-being of nonsmoking patients and staff who would otherwise be at risk for the effects of second hand smoke.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Evidence of lack of abuse or dependence following pemoline treatment: results of a retrospective survey.

Pemoline is recognized as an efficacious and safe therapeutic agent for children suffering from Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). A review of adverse experience reports submitted to the manufacturer suggests that Cylert (brand of pemoline) has a limited potential for abuse or dependence. Drug dependence studies in animals have demonstrated that pemoline is not self-administered in naive nor cocaine-dependent animals. Human experience indicates that, despite the fact that the drug has been available in the U.S. since 1975, use is limited and is increasing slowly. A review of the literature revealed no published case reports of euphoria, abuse, dependence or withdrawal. While there have been a few reports of tolerance, it is possible that these were a reflection of inadequate dosing rather than actual tolerance to the drug's therapeutic effects. During the 10 years that Cylert has been available in the United States, there have been only four reports of withdrawal reactions and no reported cases of dependence. Reports of intentional overdose of Cylert are minimal, with no reports involving abuse via the intravenous route.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

Susceptibility of the VERO line of African green monkey kidney cells to human enteroviruses.

The relative susceptibility of VERO cells and primary rhesus monkey kidney cells to 47 prototype strains of human enteroviruses is described. Of these strains, types 4, 14, 16, 17, 18, 21, 31 and 34 and Coxsackie virus A 9 failed to cause CPE in the VERO cells whilst only one, echovirus type 34, failed to cause CPE in the monkey kidney cells.A comparison is given of the efficiency of the two cell cultures for enterovirus isolation from clinical material. Results show that VERO cells are as useful as primary monkey kidney for the isolation of Coxsackie B viruses but less satisfactory for isolating echoviruses. They are satisfactory for the isolation of single types of poliovirus and appear to be more satisfactory than primary monkey kidney cells for the isolation of mixtures of polioviruses. The identification of enteroviruses by neutralization tests in VERO cells is successful.

Animals↗