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Biomedical subjects

P Lundbergh

Publications and source records attributed to P Lundbergh.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Regulatory functions of T- and accessory-cells for hepatitis B surface antigen induced specific antibody production and proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, in vitro.

In vitro assays for lymphocyte proliferation and production of specific antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) are described. Peripheral B-cells from healthy donors with acquired immunity after infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) were activated by purified HBsAg at low concentrations (approximately 2.5 ng/ml), into plasma cell differentiation and maturation to specific immunoglobulin (anti-HBs) secretion. This process was dependent upon and strictly regulated by T-cells and anti-HBs secretion of IgG class was registered at T/B ratios less than or equal to 4.0. Higher T/B ratios provoked secretion of large amounts of total IgM but no specific antibodies. Maximal DNA-synthesis was induced in purified T-cells or the total peripheral blood lymphocyte population from HBV-immune donors at higher concentrations of HBsAg (7-15 ng/ml and 60-125 ng/ml respectively). Proliferation was dependent upon and regulated by monocytic cells. Ten percent of autologous monocytic cells within the cell cultures was optimal, while excessive amounts effectively suppressed the proliferative response. DNA-synthesis was low and extremely shortlived and the induction phase to maximal proliferation for different HBV immune donors varied between 5-8 days in culture.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1985

NBT-reduction for detection of specific, opsonizing antibodies against haemophilus parainfluenzae.

Specific, opsonizing antibodies against Haemophilus parainfluenzae were demonstrated in serum by measuring their enhancing effect on the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)-reduction of normal human granulocytes, phagocytizing the homologous bacteria. Patients with septicemia and/or endocarditis and carriers of H. parainfluenzae were studied. In late phase sera of the first group such antibodies were detected in 6 of 9 cases. Opsonizing antibodies against H. parainfluenzae were not detected in any of the carrier sera. A dose-response effect was observed when a positive late phase serum was tested in serial 2-fold dilutions. The enhancement of the NBT-reduction was eliminated by absorption of serum with homologous antigen. The detection of opsonizing antibodies, essential for the immune defense against H. parainfluenzae might be helpful for evaluation of the pathogenicity of this organism, which so far is considered as a rare causative agent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Is the working capacity of Liberian industrial workers increased by regular malaria prophylaxis?

In a study of the impact of malaria prophylaxis upon the physical working capacity of Liberian industrial workers, two groups of men, one with and the other without malaria prophylaxis, were compared over a period of one year. At the beginning and at the end of the study, the haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, blood volume and physical performance--measured by bicycle ergometry and expressed as work load at heart rate 170--were compared. No significant differences were found, either within or between the two groups. Routinely distributed malaria prophylaxis thus seems to be of little importance with respect to working capacity in this type of community, where malaria is meso-endemic.

Blood Volume↗
PubMed1983

Creatine kinase isoenzyme BB in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with meningitis and encephalitis.

High CK BB isoenzyme activity has been demonstrated in the CSF of many patients with various neurologic disorders and is considered to reflect brain tissue damage [1, 2]. Increased CK BB activity in the CSF has been described in a patient with fatal pneumonococcal meningitis [3] and also in two patients with viral encephalitis [1]. Since routine laboratory tests are of limited value for assessing the prognosis of patients with CNS infections, the present investigation was undertaken to study the possibility of early detection of brain tissue damage in such patients by determining the CK BB activity in the CSF. The CK BB activity in the control subjects was less than or equal to 10 nkat/liter, which is in accordance with a previous study based on bioluminescence assay [2]. Six of the seven patients with neurologic complications in the present study had marked increases of the CK BB activity. In the patient with brain death due to HSV infection, serial measurements of the CK BB activity in the CSF have shown a maximal fourfold increase from the value of 45 nkat/liter found on admission. In one of the patients with purulent meningitis who developed a slight hydrocephalus, the CK BB activity was normal, but no focal brain damage was found by computed tomography in this case. The results indicate that increased CK BB activity in the CSF is related to the clinical outcome of patients with infections of the CNS. Thus, the determination of the CK BB activity seems to be useful for assessing the prognosis of patients with bacterial and viral meningitis and encephalitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Ceftazidime in septicaemia.

Thirty-five patients with mean age 70 years (range 22 to 92) with 37 proven episodes of septicaemia (26) or bacteraemia (11) were treated with a mean ceftazidime dose of 1.80 (range 1 to 2 g) bid for 12 (range 3 to 17) days. Twenty patients had underlying diseases. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen (19/37). Of the 37 strains 36 were tested for antibiotic sensitivity and 35 were fully sensitive with MIC less than or equal to 8 mg/l (21 less than or equal to 0.12 mg/l). The remaining strain, a Staphylococcus aureus, was moderately susceptible (MIC 16 mg/l). Thirty patients (81%) were cured, six improved and one considered not evaluable. Serum concentrations were studied in 12 patients with slightly or moderately impaired renal function. They had trough and peak values ranging from less than or equal to 1.0 to 118.4 mg/l and 30 to 246.4 mg/l, respectively. In three patients the initial dose of 2 g bid had to be reduced to 1 g bid due to very high trough levels, and due to low peak value in one patient the dose was increased from 1 g to 2 g bid. Adverse reactions were mostly mild (positive Coombs' reaction, transiently raised aminotransferases or raised serum creatinine). Treatment had to be stopped in two cases due to drug fever and/or rash. Therapy with ceftazidime 2 g bid seems to be successful in Gram-negative septicaemia; however, in patients with decreased renal function serum concentrations should be determined.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Pepsin-treated human gamma globulin in bacterial infections. A randomized study in patients with septicaemia and pneumonia.

59 patients with suspected or verified septicaemia and 87 patients with suspected or verified bacterial pneumonia were treated with either antibiotics alone or antibiotics combined with a pepsin-treated human gamma globulin (Gamma-Venin). The gamma globulin was given intravenously in repeated doses of 0.15 g/kg body weight. Extensive clinical and laboratory investigations were performed repeatedly in a strictly standardized fashion. Neither the septicaemia group nor the pneumonia group presented significant differences between treated patients and controls for any of the clinical and laboratory variables studied. Hospital stay, duration of fever and symptoms were also unaffected by the gamma globulin treatment. Subdivision of the material according to aetiology provided no additional information. In 9 patients adverse reactions were seen, e.g., shock in 2 individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Clinical and subclinical hepatitis A occurring after immunoglobulin prophylaxis among Swedish UN soldiers in Sinai.

This study was performed to investigate the efficiency of 5 ml of 16.5% immunoglobulin (Ig) with an antibody titer against hepatitis A (anti-HAV) of 1:4000, using the HAVAB RIA technique, as pre-infection prophylaxis in 610 Swedish UN soldiers stationed in Sinai for 6 months. Sera were collected from 553 of these soldiers before, during, and after their service and were tested by the HAVAB technique for anti-HAV. Only 13 of 553 (2.4%) were immune before their service. During the first 5 months in Sinai, only one subclinical case of hepatitis A occurred among the men. Thereafter, two subclinical and four clinical cases occurred, although one of the subclinical cases and the four clinical ones did not occur until after the 6-month period. Thus, the Ig prophylaxis scheme used seems to offer almost complete passive protection for 5 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Aseptic meningoencephalitis in adults: liberal or restrictive treatment?

39 adult patients suffering from aseptic meningoencephalitis were admitted to hospital during April-December 1976 and were divided into 2 groups, according to birth date. One group (n = 24) was treated with bed rest in the febrile stage and recommended to avoid for some weeks activities that promote headache. The other group (n = 15) was encouraged to resume daily life as soon as possible. No pertinent difference was found between the groups in admission. The patients were followed for 9 months by questionnaires and registration of sick leave. The average number of days away from work was 32 in the "restrictive" and 15 in the "liberal" group. No untoward effects were found from a shorter sick leave and a rapid resumption of normal physical activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Pneumococcal meningitis with a prolonged course in splenectomized patient.

A 22-year-old woman had a remarkable late and poor inflammatory response to pneumococci invading the cerebrospinal fluid. Splenectomy 5 years previously following trauma and oral doxycycline therapy for 4 days prior to admission may explain the usual course. The importance of correct handling and of giving proper information to the splenectomized patient is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Prevalence of antibody against hepatitis A in Sweden in relation to age and type of community.

Sera collected in 1968 from persons selected on a statistical basis as being a representative sample of the Swedish population, were tested for antibody against hepatitis A (anti-HAV). The prevalence of anti-HAV increased with age from 4% (3/83) among 15-19 year olds (born between 1948 and 1952) to 87% (68/78) among 60-69 year olds (born between 1898 and 1907), and was furthermore higher in cities than in rural areas for corresponding age groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Immunoglobulin prophylaxis against hepatitis A among Swedish UN soldiers in an endemic region.

Six hundred and fifteen Swedish soldiers (X = 24.9 years) serving with the UN forces in Cyprus were tested for antibody against hepatitis A (anti-HAV) before and after six months' service. Before the service, a high susceptibility to hepatitis A was found, as only 2.3% (14/615) had anti-HAV. In comparison, the prevalence of anti-HAV among 124 native Cypriots (X = 23.9 years) was 97% (120/124), which showed Cyprus to be a region where hepatitis A is endemic. The soliders were given immunoglobulin (IG) prophylaxis (2 ml of 16.5% IG) against hepatitis A very third month. The incidence of subclinical seroconversion against hepatitis A among the Swedish soliders was 0.2% (1/615). It was concluded that the IG-prophylaxis scheme used seems to be highly effective and probably completely prevents even subclinical seroconversion against hepatitis A in non-immune persons in regions where hepatitis A is endemic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Cefamandole nafate: an evaluation of antibacterial activity, serum levels, clinical effect, and incidence of side reactions in 58 patients.

35 males and 23 females with skin and soft tissue infection, lower respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection or septicemia with known etiology were treated with cefamandole nafate. The patients were to a large extent (30%) alcoholics and/or drug abusers. Cefamandole was given intravenously as 4 daily doses of 1 g in 52 cases and of 2 g in 6 cases for 8 to 16 (mean 10) days. The effect was considered to be good in 40 patients (70%). Adverse reactions, mostly slight and transient, were seen in 22 patients (38%). Peak serum levels varied from 26 to 82 (mean 50) micrograms/ml after 1 g doses and from 68 to 100 micrograms/ml after 2 g. Previous statements of a better in vitro activity of cefamandole than of older cephalosporins against some gram-negative bacilli were corroborated.

Adolescent↗