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Biomedical subjects

P Lind

Publications and source records attributed to P Lind.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Immune responses to nematode exoantigens: sensitizing antibodies and basophil histamine release.

High levels of IgE and eosinophilia are found in both allergy and helminth infections, but allergic symptoms are rare in naturally acquired helminth infections. The interrelation of specific IgE antibodies and in vitro basophil histamine release (HR) induced by exoantigens from the larval stages (L2/L3) of the nematodes Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum was examined in 148 patients visiting an outpatient clinic for parasitic diseases. The antigen sensitivity of the basophils was found to be dependent not only on the absolute amount of antigen-specific IgE present in patient plasma, but also on the ratio between specific and total IgE. Thus, large HR was observed in some patients in response to helminth antigens despite low levels of both specific and total IgE content in plasma. Patients with eosinophilia showed greater IgE-mediated HR than the other patients examined. In contrast, only five patients showed HR after challenge with anti-IgG4, despite the presence of high levels of antigen-specific IgG4 and IgG1 in all patients showing specific IgE antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Thyroid volume and iodine supply of 6 to 17 year old students. Results 3 years after the introduction of increased iodized salt].

In Austria, a law stipulating that table salt should be iodized with 10 mg Kl/kg was introduced in 1963. Nevertheless, investigations carried out between 1982 and 1984 on iodine supply and goitre frequency revealed that there was a general iodine deficiency of first to second degree according to WHO criteria. These results led to an increase in salt iodization to 20 mg Kl/kg in 1990. The aim of the study was to determine iodine supply and thyroid volumes of schoolchildren 3 years thereafter. 734 children at primary and secondary schools were examined. The mean value of iodine excretion was 121 micrograms/g Cr, corresponding to an improvement in iodine intake. Compared to previous data, the corresponding age groups showed lower mean thyroid volumes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Serodiagnosis of Salmonella dublin infection in Danish dairy herds using O-antigen based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Usefulness of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for screening of dairy herds for antibodies to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Salmonella dublin (O:1,9,12) was investigated. Sera (3097) were collected from 40 dairy herds located in three areas of Denmark with different prevalence of salmonellosis: ten salmonellosis-free herds from the island of Samsø where there is no history of salmonellosis, ten salmonellosis-free herds from the island of Sealand where outbreaks are infrequent, and 20 salmonella infected herds from Jutland where salmonellosis is enzootic. The samples were analyzed for antibodies to S. dublin LPS using an indirect (O:9,12) and a blocking (O:9) ELISA. Using herd history of salmonellosis, herd location and clinical state of the herds as reference, the herd sensitivity and herd specificity of the tests were 100% and 100% in the indirect ELISA and 95% and 100% in the blocking ELISA, respectively. A significant correlation was found between the two tests (rs = 0.46, p < 0.001). However, the indirect ELISA detected more seropositive animals than the blocking ELISA (17% vs. 7%, respectively). In calves from Sealand, level of background reaction was significantly lower (p < 0.001) compared to the heifers and the cows. The percentages of seropositive calves in both tests were higher (p < 0.01) in comparison to cows (19 vs. 8 in indirect ELISA, and 14 vs. 6 in blocking ELISA, respectively). Results of the study indicated that it is possible to apply LPS ELISA in serological screening for salmonellosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Isolation, partial characterization, and molecular cloning of a human colon adenocarcinoma cell-surface glycoprotein recognized by the C215 mouse monoclonal antibody.

The monoclonal antibody C215 (IgG2a) was obtained by the immunization of BALB/c mice with the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line COLO 205 and used in the targeting of colorectal carcinomas. The partial characterization and purification of the C215 target molecule from solubilized COLO 205 membranes indicated that it is an integral membrane glycoprotein of the non-mucin type. The denatured antigen appeared as a major 40-kDa form in Western blots after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and migrated as a monomeric 36-kDa species after the reductive cleavage of intramolecular disulfide bridges. Using a five-step procedure, the antigen was purified 4,300-fold from COLO 205 tumors raised in nude mice to a homogeneity of 95% when assessed by capillary electrophoresis. Removal of N-linked carbohydrate by peptide:N-glycosidase treatment did not affect the visualization of the purified antigen in immunoblots but resulted in a faster migration in the SDS gels. The amino acid sequence was partially determined. Seventeen contiguous NH2-terminal amino acids were identified and coincided exactly with residues 82-98 of the GA733-2 protein cloned by Szala et al. (Szala, S., Froehlich, M., Scollon, M., Kasai, Y., Steplewske, Z., Koprowski, H., and Linnenback, A. J. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 3542-3546). Therefore, the predicted amino acid sequence of this protein was used to prepare overlapping synthetic peptides that cover the entire extracellular domain in order to identify the C215 epitope. A likely epitope, close to the NH2 terminus and corresponding to the first distinct hydrophilic stretch after the putative signal sequence, was identified in a peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, GA733-2 cDNA was used for the cloning of the C215 protein from COLO 205 cells and the subsequent transfection to K36.16 mouse T cell leukemia cells. The transfected cells were C215 reactive in fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, and a 42 kDa band was visualized in Western blots under both non-reducing and reducing conditions. Our findings indicate a close relationship between the C215 antigen and other members of the GA-733 family, some of which are currently being used as targets in clinical trials with monoclonal antibodies. The mammalian expression system described here will enable further studies into the biological role of this protein and the construction of animal models in order to develop optimal therapeutic strategies.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Response to repeated inoculations with Ascaris suum eggs in pigs during the fattening period. II. Specific IgA, IgG, and IgM antibodies determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Experimental trickle inoculations of pigs with low doses (2 x 25 eggs/week) and high doses (2 x 500 eggs/week) of Ascaris suum were followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) during a 14-week period. Three antigens were employed for coating: hatching fluid of embryonated eggs, excretory/secretory antigens from in vitro-cultivated infective larvae (L2/L3-ES), and adult body fluid. Seroconversion times (week 2 for the high-dose group and week 4 for the low-dose group) were essentially identical for the three antigens. The assay employing L2/L3-ES, however, produced significantly higher readings. Specific serum antibody in the IgA and IgG classes showed very similar time courses in both groups. A weak and transient, specific IgM response was recorded in the high-dose group. Mean ELISA responses to L2/L3-ES did not differ significantly between the groups at the termination of the experiment. Specific antibody correlated weakly with the number of liver milk spots recorded at slaughter.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Anticarcinoembryonic antigen immunoscintigraphy with a 99mTc-Fab' fragment (Immu 4) in primary and recurrent colorectal cancer. A prospective study.

Forty-seven patients were submitted to 68 radioimmunoscintigraphic investigations for primary or recurrent colorectal cancer. Immunoscintigraphy with Immu-4 correctly detected 28 primary colorectal cancers of 29 and 12 of 12 recurrent colorectal cancers. Overall accuracy was 93.75 percent in primary and 91.6 percent in recurrent colorectal cancer. Immunoscintigraphy had a decisive influence on treatment planning in every third primary colorectal cancer patient and was by far superior to CT scan in the detection of early recurrences, especially in patients with a history of abdominoperineal or low anterior resection. Immu-4 scintigraphy is a safe and convenient diagnostic approach to colorectal cancer. Because radioactivity is acceptably low and the method is absolutely free of side effects, there are no objections to the repeated use of immunoscintigraphy which provides important information in primary diagnosis as well as in the follow-up of colorectal cancer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

99mTc-DTPA aerosol for same-day post-perfusion ventilation imaging: results of a multicentre study.

A multicentre study was performed in an attempt to evaluate a submicronic technetium-99m diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid aerosol generated by a newly developed delivery system, the aerosol production equipment (APE nebulizer), for same-day post-perfusion ventilation imaging in patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism. Quantitative comparison between the DTPA aerosol and krypton gas demonstrated a close correlation with respect to regional pulmonary distribution of activity and peripheral lung penetration (n = 14, r = 0.94, P < 0.001 and r = 0.75, P < 0.0025, respectively). In 169 consecutive patients, DTPA aerosol images performed immediately following perfusion (inhalation scan I) were compared to those carried out on the next day (inhalation scan II) with respect to image quality and assessment of perfusion-ventilation matches or mismatches. Agreement between inhalation scans I and II with respect to perfusion defects matched or mismatched to ventilation was found in 166/169 (98%) studies. The image quality of inhalation scan I was equal to that of scan II in 72%; inhalation scan I was superior in 11% of cases, while scan II was superior in 17%. This submicronic 99mTc-labelled DTPA aerosol is well suited for fast same-day post-perfusion ventilation imaging in patients with clinical suspicion of pulmonary embolism.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1993

Monoclonal antibodies and superantigens: a novel therapeutic approach.

We have developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb) based therapy intended for the treatment of solid tumors utilizing both main arms of the immune system by incorporating the colon carcinoma recognizing mAb C215 and the T cell activating bacterial staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) in a single hybrid molecule. The recombinant tumor specific superantigen C215-SEA retained excellent antigen binding properties while the binding to MHC class II was markedly reduced and should allow targeting of a large fraction of T cells to tumors in vivo. C215-SEA mediated T cell killing of C215 expressing tumor cells irrespective of their expression of MHC class II antigens and induced levels of IFN-gamma and TNF in mononuclear cells sufficient to completely suppress the growth of colon carcinoma cells in vitro. In initial studies of anti-tumor effects, C215Fab-SEA was found to markedly inhibit the growth of colon carcinoma cells transplanted to Scid mice adoptively transferred with human mononuclear cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Enzyme immunohistochemistry with mono- and polyclonal antibodies in the pathological diagnosis of systemic bovine mycoses.

To improve the immunohistopathological diagnosis of systemic bovine mycoses, we have evaluated the utility of antifungal polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, and peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase staining techniques. A rabbit polyclonal antibody to mannan from Candida albicans was specific for candidosis. The diagnosis of aspergillosis was accomplished using a rat monoclonal antibody to the galactofuran side chains of Aspergillus galactomannan. A murine monoclonal antibody reacting with weakly Con-A binding 41 and 46 kDa somatic antigens from Absidia corymbifera was used for immunostaining of zygomycetic hyphae. Peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) and alkaline phosphatase antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) complexes were visualized using aminoethylcarbazole and fast red substrates. A green staining of PAP reactions with dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (DONS/TMB) was effective for the demonstration of fungi in dual and triple infections. Tissue sections of experimentally infected mice were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the antibodies. Tissues obtained from 161 bovine mycotic lesions previously studied by indirect immunofluorescence staining were further evaluated using the three antibodies. In all of 45 lesions solely affected by aspergillosis and in three solely affected by candidosis the diagnoses were confirmed by the new evaluation. In 85 of 96 cases of single infections with zygomycetes the diagnosis was confirmed, while none of the antibodies reacted with fungal elements in the remaining 11 lesions. Aspergillus hyphae were detected in all three lesions with dual aspergillosis and zygomycosis, whereas zygomycetic material was confirmed in only two of these cases. A mixed infection of candidosis and zygomycosis in a lymph node was confirmed too. In 13 cases in which a diagnosis had not hitherto been obtained, aspergillosis and zygomycosis were recorded each in three cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[The role of nuclear medicine methods in the differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions].

In a retrospective study of 160 patients who were examined within 12 months, we analysed the diagnostic value of scintigraphic techniques in the differential diagnosis of solid focal liver lesions. Haemangiomas were found in 77 patients. Bloodpool scintigraphy was true-positive in 66 (sensitivity 85%); for lesions greater than 2 cm in diameter, sensitivity increased to 94%. Metastases of CEA-expressing tumors were found in 42 patients, anti-CEA-immunoscintigraphy was true-positive in 33 patients (sensitivity 78.5%). Focal nodulary hyperplasia was found in 3 patients, adenomas in 6 patients. In the remaining 32 patients we saw 4 hepatocellular carcinomas, 28 metastases from lung and breast cancer, 2 echinococcus cysts and 1 choledochus cyst.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

[Modification of blood viscosity and elasticity. Principle therapeutic approach in relation to its pathophysiology].

Exercising a therapeutic influence on the viscoelastic properties of whole blood is a very complex matter. In general, apart from hemodilution, the modification of such factors as erythrocyte aggregation, red cell rigidity or plasma viscosity, all of which may be influenced more or less independently of one another, are possible approaches. The present article discusses the basic possibilities of influencing the viscoelasticity of blood for therapeutic purposes, with attention being paid in particular to the pathogenesis of hyperviscosemia.

Blood Viscosity↗
PubMed1992

Response to repeated inoculations with Ascaris suum eggs in pigs during the fattening period. I. Studies on worm population kinetics.

This experimental study on pigs was designed to simulate natural, long-term exposure to Ascaris suum under modern management conditions. Parasite kinetics were followed in pigs receiving A. suum eggs as repeated trickle inoculations at two dose levels beginning at a body weight of 25 kg until their slaughter at 90 kg (baconers). In pigs inoculated twice weekly with 500 eggs, there was an initial marked rise in the numbers of hepatic milk spots, but as early as around week 6 after the start of inoculations and until week 16, at which time the last pigs were slaughtered, the numbers of spots diminished drastically. In pigs receiving only 25 eggs twice weekly, low and moderately fluctuating numbers of spots were seen throughout the experiment. Larvae recoverable from the livers and lungs were observed mainly during the beginning of the experiment. Before patency, immature intestinal worms were found in moderate numbers that showed a rough positive correlation with the dose levels, but at the time at which adult worms started to appear, immature parasites could practically no longer be found. In all, only 10 of 40 pigs harbored adults, and 4 of these 10 pigs harbored 80% of the total worm population. The results show that acquired dose-dependent host responses to A. suum play an important role in regulating the worm population along the migratory route of the parasite and that the final burden of worms in the small intestine is dose-dependent and highly variable.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Resistance to Ascaris suum in parasite naïve and naturally exposed growers, finishers and sows.

Commercially reared growers, finishers, and sows of Danish Landrace x Yorkshire crossbred were inoculated orally with Ascaris suum at 50 eggs kg-1 body weight. White spots on the serosal surface of livers and total larval recoveries from lungs were recorded 7 days later. The response in pigs originating from a specific pathogen free and parasite free herd (parasite naïve) was observed in the three different age groups and compared with age-matched pigs from a herd maintained in a facility contaminated with A. suum (naturally exposed). The pre-inoculation immune status of the various groups was characterized serologically using antigen preparations derived from various stages of A. suum. Inoculation of all age groups of parasite naïve pigs with A. suum eggs produced relatively high liver white spots and lung larvae, although expression of these counts as a percentage of the inoculum showed a moderate age-related resistance from growers to finishers to sows. In contrast, pigs naturally exposed to A. suum expressed strong immunity to a challenge infection as few or no larvae were detected in the lungs. In addition, growers, finishers, and sows from the naturally exposed herd had significantly higher levels of serum IgG/IgA to several different A. suum antigens compared with pigs from the parasite nave herd. Liver white spots, expressed as a percentage of the inoculum, were highest in growers from the naturally exposed herd but were markedly reduced in finishers and sows from that herd. In fact, few or no white spots were observed in naturally exposed sows, while sows from the parasite-naïve herd had in excess of 300 liver white spots following challenge. These results indicate that commercially raised pigs that are exposed to A. suum develop a strong protective immunity that ultimately produces a complete pre-hepatic barrier to larval migration, while pigs raised parasite free remain susceptible to infection.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Autonomic neuropathies in skin and its incidence in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The autonomic function of nerve fibres was investigated with the newly developed hyperthermal Laser-Doppler-Flowmetry in 45 patients suffering from Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM). They were divided into 3 groups depending on the duration of NIDDM. Group A contained a duration of 1-3 years, group B 4-5 years and group C 5-6 years. All groups showed a dysfunction of autonomic nerve fibres: in group A there were 4 of 11 patients, in group B 2 of 13 and in group C no patients with values within the normal ranges. So autonomic neuropathies of skin seem to be one of the earliest complications in NIDDM

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Lack of specificity of single photon emission computerized tomography in dementia--results of a case of progressive paralysis].

In a 53-year old male suffering from paretic neurosyphilis, SPECT-investigations were performed before and after treatment with high doses of Penicillin G. The patient was admitted for disturbances of speech and concentration, memory disorder and tonic-clonic seizures. Mental examination showed a mild dysphoria and irritability in mood, but no disturbance of orientation, no euphoria or expansive delusions, and no paranoia. Mini-Mental-State examination was within the normal range (28 points); no abnormalities were found on neurologic examination, and CT and MRI investigations showed normal findings. The diagnosis was verified by CSF-examination (pleocytosis, elevated protein, positive Lues reactions). SPECT investigation with Tc 99m HMPAO (20 mCi, single-head rotating camera) revealed a pronounced bilateral parieto-temporal uptake deficiency as observed in patients with dementia of Alzheimer's type. After 18 months the clinical symptoms had remitted, and laboratory findings were improved. On the other hand, the bilateral parieto-temporal uptake deficiency in SPECT remained unchanged. Possible causes of these findings are discussed in relation to neuropathologic findings. It can be concluded that bilateral parieto-temporal uptake deficiency in SPECT is a nonspecific finding and that there is no correlation between clinical improvement and SPECT pattern in paretic neurosyphilis.

Dementia↗