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Biomedical subjects

P Lieberman

Publications and source records attributed to P Lieberman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in common variable immunodeficiency.

The association between cancer and immunodeficiency is well established. In common variable immunodeficiency (CVI), a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by low serum immunoglobulins and poor antibody production, we previously reported a total of 13 cancers in 11 individuals arising in continuously observed group of patients. Of the 13, 7 were NHL and 1 was a myeloma which progressed to lymphoma. We report here the histologic, immunologic, cytogenetic, and clinical features of these 8 NHL along with 3 new lymphomas which have appeared in this group (now 117 patients). From our studies, the lymphomas which have arisen in CVI share certain features with the lymphomas which appear in the childhood immunodeficient syndromes. Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome, Ataxia Telangiectasia, or severe combined immunodeficiency: they are similar in overall frequency (13%), are often B-cell in origin, and extranodal in location. However, unlike the lymphomas of the immunodeficient child, lymphomas in CVI may be more differentiated and secrete immunoglobulin. For CVI patients with stage I or II disease, as for non-Hodgkin lymphomas in general, the prognosis is good. In our group, NHL in CVI have appeared most often in females of the 5th to 7th decade and not in childhood. Cytogenetic studies in lymphomas show that cytogenic abnormalities, including chromosomal translocation, can be found in this group, but more studies will be needed to assess the frequency of these events.

Cytogenetics↗
PubMed1991

Enterobius egg granuloma of the vulva and peritoneum: review of the literature.

Two cases of Enterobius granuloma containing eggs only are reported. The first case involved the vulva, where no such granuloma has been reported previously. The coexistence of peritoneal granuloma and rectal adenocarcinoma in the second case suggests the possibility of direct penetration of the damaged colonic wall by the parasite, as emphasized by several previous reports of neoplastic involvement and perforation of the intestinal wall in cases of ectopic infections. The diagnostic criteria of Enterobius eggs granuloma, which might be a diagnostic dilemma for pathologists who are not familiar with such criteria, are described herein.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Primary nasal-paranasal oropharyngeal lymphoma in the pediatric age group.

Nasal-paranasal oropharyngeal (NPOP) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a disease of the very young (median age, 5 years) and of the aging adult (median age, 50-60 years). Of a total of 208 pediatric patients with NHL studied, 20 (9.6%) had primary NPOP. Sixty percent of the patients had Stage I and II disease. Primary sites were maxillary sinus in eight patients; tonsils in eight; posterior pharynx in two; mandible in one; and orbit in one patient. Histologically, the disease is different than that of the adults since most patients had B-cell lymphomas of the diffuse undifferentiated type (Rappaport) or small cell non-cleaved types (Lukes-Collins, Kiel, and Working Formulation). None of these patients had gastrointestinal involvement. All patients were treated with the LSA2-L2 regimen and radiation therapy was given to primary unresectable tumors and regional metastases. The lymphoma event-free survival was 75%, with a median observation period of 99+ months. In staging systems that refer mostly to amount of disease outside of the primary (such as ours, Murphy's, and the Ann Arbor staging systems) stage did not correlate well with disease-free survival. In the TNM staging of 1977, a staging system that refers to size of primary tumor as well as regional and systemic disease, stage correlated better with prognosis and survival. In our staging system, eight of 12 patients (66.7%) with Stage I and II disease; four of four with Stage III; two of two with Stage IVA; and zero of two with Stage IVB survived. In the TNM staging system, three of three patients with Stage II and III disease and 12 of 18 patients (67%) with Stage IV disease survived. All recurrences occurred early suggesting that early intensification of chemotherapy may produce better results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Expression of transfected genes by differentiated, postmitotic neurons and photoreceptors in primary cell cultures.

We report here that differentiated, primary, postmitotic neurons and photoreceptors in cultures obtained from embryonic chicks can express foreign genes after transfection by the calcium phosphate method. A variety of viral promoters were tested by using either beta-galactosidase or chloramphenicol acetyltransferase as reporter genes. Histochemical and immunocytochemical analysis showed beta-galactosidase expression by both neurons and photoreceptors. As commonly observed with dividing cells, transfection efficiencies showed inter-experimental variability, with efficiencies ranging from 2% to 20% using the same plasmid. On the other hand, intra-experimental variability between replicate dishes was much smaller. Analysis using the highly sensitive enzymatic assay for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) showed that all of the promoter/enhancers-CAT constructs tested, with the exception of a construct containing the Maloney sarcoma virus promoter, led to the expression of detectable activity when transfected into cultured retinal cells. The calcium phosphate treatment used for cell transfection did not show detectable effects on overall cell survival, although it caused selective decreases in some metabolic activities of the cells. The studies demonstrate that it is possible to obtain expression of genes transfected into primary, postmitotic neuronal cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The use of antihistamines in the prevention and treatment of anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions.

The pathophysiologic effects of histamine in anaphylaxis have been shown to be mediated through H1 and H2 receptors, individually and in combination. H1 receptors mediate coronary artery vasoconstriction, wheezing, cutaneous vascular permeability, and possibly an increase in pulse rate. H2 receptors stimulate ventricular and atrial inotropy, arterial chronotropy, coronary vasodilation, and rises in basophil cyclic adenosine 3':5' monophosphate (cyclic AMP). (Neither receptor mediates increases in cyclic AMP in mast cells.) H1 and H2 receptors in combination seem to be most potent in mediating flush, headache, increases in pulse pressure, and decreases in diastolic blood pressure. Clinical trials have been conducted to determine the efficacy of H1 and H2 antagonists in preventing anaphylactic reactions to plasma expanders, anesthesia-inducing agents, morphine, and radiocontrast material. Concurrently, retrospective observations of the prevention of anaphylactic reactions to chymopapain have been recorded. Despite some conflicting and inconclusive data, the sum of these studies indicates that pretreatment with a combination of H1 and H2 antagonists is more effective than H1 antagonists alone in preventing reactions to these agents. These results, when added to the available knowledge of the physiology of histamine release, support the preferential use of H1/H2 antagonist combinations in the prevention and treatment of anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1990

Syntax comprehension deficits in Parkinson's disease.

The comprehension of 100 different spoken English sentences was studied in 39 patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease (PD) using the Rhode Island Test of Language Structure. Eight of the PD patients were mildly demented, and the remaining 31 showed no cognitive deficits. Seven of the eight mildly demented patients had high comprehension error rates for sentences that had moderately complex syntax. The error rates of 28 of the 31 other, nondemented patients were low, similar to those of normal control subjects. The difference between the error rates of the demented and nondemented patients was significant (p less than .02, two-tailed t-test). The data argue against some current "modular" theories that segregate linguistic from other cognitive behavior. The destruction by PD of the midbrain regions that stimulate the frontal cortex may be responsible for both cognitive and syntactic comprehension deficits.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Another complication of thoracostomy--perforation of the right atrium.

Tube thoracostomy is an invasive procedure that is frequently life-saving but carries a risk of complications. We describe herein a complication not documented before-laceration of the right atrium. This occurred in a severely kyphoscoliotic patient with a markedly narrowed chest and led to his demise. This case attests to the extreme caution warranted when using trocar-type thoracostomy in patients with thoracic deformities.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the chest wall.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a rare, highly malignant small-cell neoplasm that most often arises from the chest wall or paravertebral region. A patient is described from whom resection, intensive chemotherapy, and bone marrow transplant were unsuccessful. Eleven patients were treated between 1975 and 1985; there was only one long-term survivor (48 months) despite intensive multidisciplinary treatment. The median survival of 49 published cases was 9 months. Conservative resection minimizing disability, radiotherapy, and intensive chemotherapy remain valid options, but use of experimental agents as part of initial therapy seems justified. The role of autologous marrow transplant remains unclear.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Incidence of cancer in 98 patients with common varied immunodeficiency.

Ninety-eight patients with common varied immunodeficiency have been observed for periods of 1-13 years. In 1986, 78 were alive, 19 had died, and 1 could not be located. Eleven patients in the group had developed cancer; two patients had had two cancers. Of the total number of neoplastic malignancies, seven were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, one patient had a Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, and nine of the patients who developed cancer were female. Cancer developed in the fifth or sixth decade of life for 10 of the 11 patients. These data show an 8- to 13-fold increase in cancer in general for patients who have this immunodeficiency and a 438-fold increase in lymphoma for females.

Agammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed1987

Acoustic analyses and perceptual data on anticipatory labial coarticulation in adults and children.

The present study investigated anticipatory labial coarticulation in the speech of adults and children. CV syllables, composed of [s], [t], and [d] before [i] and [u], were produced by four adult speakers and eight child speakers aged 3-7 years. Each stimulus was computer edited to include only the aperiodic portion of fricative-vowel and stop-vowel syllables. LPC spectra were then computed for each excised segment. Analyses of the effect of the following vowel on the spectral peak associated with the second formant frequency and on the characteristic spectral prominence for each consonant were performed. Perceptual data were obtained by presenting the aperiodic consonantal segments to subjects who were instructed to identify the following vowel as [i] or [u]. Both the acoustic and the perceptual data show strong coarticulatory effects for the adults and comparable, although less consistent, coarticulation in the speech stimuli of the children. The results are discussed in terms of the articulatory and perceptual aspects of coarticulation in language learning.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Studies on haematocrit in peripheral arterial disease.

Haematocrit is often elevated in peripheral arterial disease, and is an important determinant of blood viscosity and of platelet behaviour. We have studied the relationships of haematocrit to claudication, smoking habit, calf blood flow, platelet aggregation in whole blood, and the late complications of aortic bifurcation grafts. In 31 claudicants, blood viscosity, haematocrit and fibrinogen levels were significantly higher compared to 50 controls (p less than 0.01). However this was largely explained by a higher prevalence in claudicants of cigarette-smoking, which is associated with increased blood viscosity, haematocrit and fibrinogen levels. In 8 stable claudicants with high-normal haematocrit (mean 0.50), venesection reduced haematocrit to low-normal levels (mean 0.44). Resting calf blood flow was unchanged: peak flow increased slightly (17%) but oxygen delivery (peak flow X haemoglobin concentration) was unchanged. Spontaneous platelet aggregation in whole blood was studied using a single platelet counting method: the increase in haematocrit in patients with claudication was not associated with a significant increase in aggregation, and a negative association of haematocrit and aggregation was observed. In a preliminary retrospective study of patients with late complications of aortic bifurcation grafts, significantly higher haematocrits prior to operative were found compared to controls who had not returned to the clinic. Further prospective studies are required to assess the significance of haematocrit in peripheral arterial disease, and to determine whether any adverse effects are due to associations with smoking, rheology or platelet behaviour.

Adult↗